發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-29 11:32

【摘要】： “技術(shù)”無(wú)疑是當(dāng)前偵查實(shí)踐和偵查理論研究中最為熱門的詞匯之一�！凹夹g(shù)”作為一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)頻繁地出現(xiàn)在偵查理論研究文獻(xiàn)資料中，必然能夠反映出理論研究人員對(duì)“技術(shù)”的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。所謂偵查理論中的“技術(shù)觀念”正是指這些反映在偵查理論文字中，融入在偵查理論研究過(guò)程里的各種“認(rèn)識(shí)和理解”。分析這種“技術(shù)觀念”，不但可以讓人們更理性地認(rèn)識(shí)偵查中的技術(shù)問(wèn)題，從而有利于建構(gòu)更為合理的技術(shù)理論體系；還可能會(huì)在偵查理論研究方法上給人帶來(lái)一些意想不到的啟示。 目前，偵查理論中“技術(shù)觀念”的現(xiàn)狀，從普遍性和特殊性兩個(gè)層次來(lái)看，主要表現(xiàn)為：首先，人們對(duì)普遍意義上的“技術(shù)”概念所指稱的內(nèi)容有不同的理解；其次，人們對(duì)普遍意義上的“技術(shù)”特點(diǎn)的理解，主要是從“目的性”出發(fā)推演出“合理性”和“科學(xué)性”，但其中“科學(xué)”屬性的地位有待進(jìn)一步確定；再次，人們對(duì)偵查這個(gè)特殊領(lǐng)域中的“技術(shù)”的特殊性沒(méi)有開(kāi)展集中的論述，人們僅僅可以從一些術(shù)語(yǔ)的前置性限定詞的使用情況中得到一點(diǎn)相關(guān)的啟示。 “偵查技術(shù)”是在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有各種相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)優(yōu)劣得失的基礎(chǔ)上確定的，用來(lái)概念化“偵查理論中技術(shù)觀念”這一范疇的專門術(shù)語(yǔ)。因此，“偵查技術(shù)”可定義為：在偵查程序中，偵查主體為達(dá)到偵查目的，針對(duì)偵查對(duì)象合理利用自己的技能、知識(shí)和掌握的物質(zhì)工具的偵查實(shí)踐過(guò)程。但無(wú)論“程序”、“主體”、“目的”還是“對(duì)象”都非“偵查技術(shù)”的本體內(nèi)容，而僅僅是“偵查技術(shù)”特殊性的外部根源而已�！皞刹榧夹g(shù)”只是“偵查主體”和“偵查對(duì)象”的一個(gè)中介；因此，“偵查技術(shù)”的內(nèi)部要素也僅僅是指定義中提到的“技能、知識(shí)和物質(zhì)工具”；它們以一定的方式組合在一起形成了一類特殊的偵查實(shí)踐過(guò)程。 “偵查技術(shù)”的三個(gè)要素各自都具有不同的成熟形態(tài)，不同形態(tài)的要素以偵查目的實(shí)現(xiàn)的合理性為原則組合在一起，就可以形成不同狀態(tài)的“偵查技術(shù)”。不同形態(tài)的要素的組合，構(gòu)成了“偵查技術(shù)”的本體，其組合方式、組合類型體現(xiàn)了“偵查技術(shù)”的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。不同的“偵查技術(shù)”內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)決定了不同的“偵查技術(shù)”功能狀態(tài)。從歷史的角度看，某個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)展階段中不同功能狀態(tài)的“偵查技術(shù)”構(gòu)成了該社會(huì)階段“偵查技術(shù)”的整體；不同社會(huì)階段的“偵查技術(shù)”整體狀況則體現(xiàn)了“偵查技術(shù)”的歷史結(jié)構(gòu)。 無(wú)論人們對(duì)偵查作歷史性的理解，還是對(duì)技術(shù)作過(guò)程性的理解，所得出的對(duì)“偵查技術(shù)”的理解仍然僅僅停留在一個(gè)較為抽象的水平；這只是一個(gè)可以用來(lái)判斷偵查實(shí)踐中哪些內(nèi)容為“偵查技術(shù)”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。使用這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考查那些能夠被稱為“偵查技術(shù)”的偵查實(shí)踐內(nèi)容，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：這些具體的“偵查技術(shù)”構(gòu)成了一個(gè)元素繁多，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的體系。 “偵查技術(shù)”在不同的歷史時(shí)期有著不同的形態(tài)。這種貫穿于歷史的“偵查技術(shù)”形態(tài)變化，正好體現(xiàn)了新偵查技術(shù)逐漸取代舊偵查技術(shù)的技術(shù)發(fā)展過(guò)程。研究這個(gè)“偵查技術(shù)”發(fā)展過(guò)程，目的就在于揭示“偵查技術(shù)”發(fā)展的原理和模式。掌握了“偵查技術(shù)”發(fā)展的原理和模式，人們便可以更深刻地理解其發(fā)展歷史，更深刻地理解主觀能動(dòng)性對(duì)“偵查技術(shù)”發(fā)展所起到的促進(jìn)作用。 “偵查技術(shù)”不是孤立的社會(huì)存在，其運(yùn)行的過(guò)程和形態(tài)必然受制于一定的外部條件。從抽象本質(zhì)上講，“偵查技術(shù)”的“運(yùn)行”與“偵查技術(shù)”的“存在”是同一的，無(wú)論是抽象還是具體的偵查技術(shù)，其本身都是在三要素的結(jié)合的“運(yùn)行”過(guò)程中才得以存在的。但是，“偵查技術(shù)”的“運(yùn)行”，還可以是強(qiáng)調(diào)具體“偵查技術(shù)”主體將某一“偵查技術(shù)”運(yùn)用于特定技術(shù)對(duì)象的具體過(guò)程。 在“偵查技術(shù)”賴以存在的“運(yùn)行”過(guò)程中，“運(yùn)行條件”的限定主要來(lái)自于兩個(gè)方面，其一是來(lái)自物質(zhì)世界客觀運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律；其二是來(lái)自社會(huì)世界的社會(huì)物質(zhì)條件和主觀價(jià)值取向�？陀^世界運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律通過(guò)人們的感知和理解，可以有限地進(jìn)入到人的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域，以經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)、科學(xué)知識(shí)的形態(tài)影響著技術(shù)的具體形態(tài)；同時(shí)，在人們實(shí)施技術(shù)活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中，客觀世界運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律又會(huì)通過(guò)技術(shù)效果的形式對(duì)技術(shù)形態(tài)進(jìn)行限制和修正。而社會(huì)物質(zhì)條件和主觀價(jià)值取向等社會(huì)條件則決定了偵查資源的總體投入，社會(huì)法律、道德規(guī)范對(duì)“偵查技術(shù)”的限制，以及偵查主體具體狀態(tài)對(duì)“偵查技術(shù)”運(yùn)行形態(tài)的影響。這兩個(gè)方面的“運(yùn)行條件”共同決定著“偵查技術(shù)”的“運(yùn)行狀況”。 “偵查技術(shù)知識(shí)”是指人們對(duì)于“偵查技術(shù)”這種事物或現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解的總和。“偵查技術(shù)知識(shí)”整體中并非只存在關(guān)于“事物或現(xiàn)象的特征、屬性以及內(nèi)在規(guī)律”的抽象知識(shí)，還包括有關(guān)于“使用的物質(zhì)工具、操作的具體步驟等”具體的知識(shí)。這兩種類型的知識(shí)顯然屬于不同的層次。第一種屬于原理層次，第二種屬于應(yīng)用層次。 “偵查技術(shù)理論”理應(yīng)被歸于“偵查技術(shù)知識(shí)”的原理層次，，它是以研究“偵查技術(shù)”的“特征、屬性以及內(nèi)在規(guī)律”為目的的知識(shí)體系�！皞刹榧夹g(shù)理論”與其它偵查理論都具有揭示原理性問(wèn)題的目的，它們之間核心的差別在于各自采取了不同的揭示方式；偵查技術(shù)理論僅僅是因其特有的“觀察、思考和言說(shuō)方式”獨(dú)立地存在于偵查理論的體系之中。 “偵查技術(shù)理論研究”屬于社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的范疇，在研究“偵查技術(shù)理論”的時(shí)候應(yīng)該具有研究范式意識(shí)。同時(shí)，“偵查技術(shù)理論”只是“偵查理論”的一種形式或一個(gè)部分，在整個(gè)“偵查理論”研究中，都似乎應(yīng)該具有一種研究范式意識(shí)。推而廣之，作為人們對(duì)偵查這一事物和現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解的總和，“偵查知識(shí)”的生產(chǎn)必然需要在借鑒社會(huì)科學(xué)一般研究范式的基礎(chǔ)上形成自己的研究范式，方能夠更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)理論創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)自身“科學(xué)革命”的完成。 “偵查技術(shù)理論研究”面臨的各種問(wèn)題可給人們帶來(lái)如下重大啟示：“偵查實(shí)踐知識(shí)”是“偵查知識(shí)”的一個(gè)部分，主要是記載具體方法的經(jīng)驗(yàn)性知識(shí)；“偵查實(shí)踐知識(shí)”生產(chǎn)對(duì)于“深居學(xué)院”的理論研究工作者來(lái)說(shuō)可能會(huì)“鞭長(zhǎng)莫及”。而“偵查理論知識(shí)”的生產(chǎn)則涉及到許多理論研究的專門方法和傳統(tǒng)以及專門的表達(dá)方式，這對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)偵查實(shí)踐工作者又是比較陌生的。偵查機(jī)關(guān)及其研究機(jī)構(gòu)可以在具體的實(shí)踐工作中，重點(diǎn)對(duì)偵查破案的方法進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的總結(jié)和創(chuàng)新；偵查理論研究群體則應(yīng)該以更寬闊的視野，超脫于具體破案方法，著力于對(duì)“偵查”這一事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行理論性的研究。合理分工，加強(qiáng)合作，方能促進(jìn)“偵查知識(shí)”生產(chǎn)的整體繁榮。
[Abstract]:"Technology" is undoubtedly one of the most popular words in the current investigation practice and investigation theory. "Technology", as an academic term, appears frequently in the literature of investigative theoretical research, which is bound to reflect the understanding and understanding of "technology" by theoretical researchers. It refers to all kinds of "knowledge and understanding" reflected in the investigation theory, and the analysis of this "technical concept" can not only make people understand the technical problems in the investigation more rationally, but also help to construct a more reasonable technical theory system; it may also be in the investigative theory research party. The law brings some unexpected revelations.
At present, the present situation of "technical concept" in the theory of investigation, from two levels of universality and particularity, is mainly shown as follows: first, people have different understanding of the contents of the concept of "technology" in universal meaning; secondly, people's understanding of "technology" in universal meaning is mainly from "purpose". The position of "rationality" and "science" is put forward, but the status of "science" needs to be further confirmed. Again, people have not concentrated on the particularity of "technology" in the special field of investigation. People can only get a little related starting from the use of prepositional words in some terms. Show.
"Investigation technology" is a special term defined on the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various related terms, which is used to conceptualize the category of "technology concept in investigation theory". Therefore, "investigation technology" can be defined as: in the investigation procedure, the investigative subject is to achieve the purpose of detection and the rational use of its own techniques for the object of investigation. But no matter "procedure", "subject", "purpose" or "object", it is not the content of "investigation technology", but only the external source of the particularity of investigation technology. "Investigation technology" is only one of "investigative subject" and "investigative object". Therefore, the internal elements of "investigation technology" are only referred to in the definition of "skills, knowledge and material tools"; they are combined in a certain way to form a special process of investigation practice.
The three elements of "investigation technology" each have different mature forms, and the elements of different forms can form the "investigation technology" in different states. The combination of different forms of elements forms the noumenon of the "investigation technology", its combination mode and the combination type body. The internal structure of "investigation technology" is presented. The different internal structure of "investigation technology" determines the different functional state of "investigation technology". From a historical point of view, the "investigation technology" of different functional states in a social development stage constitutes the whole of the "investigation technique" in the social stage; the "detection" in different social stages is "detection". The overall situation of "checking technology" reflects the historical structure of "investigative technology".
Whether people understand the investigation historically or understand the process of technology, the understanding of the "investigation technology" is still only at a relatively abstract level; it is only a standard that can be used to judge what is the "investigation technology" in the investigation practice. We can find that these specific "investigation techniques" constitute a system of various elements and complex structures.
The "investigation technology" has different forms in different historical periods. This change in the form of "investigation technology", which runs through the history, reflects the technological development process of the new investigative technology gradually replacing the old investigation technology. The research of the development process of the "investigation technology" is to reveal the principle of the development of the "investigation technology" and the development of the investigation technology. Mode. Mastering the principle and mode of the development of investigation technology, people can understand the history of its development more deeply and understand the role of subjective initiative in the development of "investigation technology" more deeply.
"Investigation technology" is not an isolated social existence, the process and form of its operation must be subject to certain external conditions. From the abstract essence, the "operation" of "investigation technology" is the same as the "existence" of "investigation technology", whether it is abstract or specific detection technology, which itself is the combination of the three elements. However, the "operation" of "investigation technology" can also be a specific process of emphasizing the application of a specific "investigative technology" by the subject of specific "investigation technology" to a specific technical object.
In the "operation" process of "investigation technology", the limitation of "operating conditions" mainly comes from two aspects, one is the law of objective movement from the material world, the other is the social material conditions and subjective value orientation from the social world. The law of objective world movement can be limited through people's perception and understanding. In the field of human knowledge, the form of experience knowledge and scientific knowledge affects the specific form of technology. At the same time, in the process of implementing technical activities, the law of objective world movement will restrict and amend the technical form through the form of technical effect. Social conditions and subjective value orientation are the social conditions. It determines the overall input of investigation resources, the social law, the limitation of the moral norms on the "investigation technology" and the influence of the specific state of the investigative subject on the operation form of the "investigation technology". The "operating conditions" of these two aspects determine the "operation condition" of the "investigation technology".
"Investigation technical knowledge" refers to the sum of people's understanding and understanding of such things or phenomena as "investigation technology". "Investigation technical knowledge" is not only abstract knowledge about "the characteristics, attributes and inherent laws of things or phenomena", but also includes "the material tools used and the specific steps of operation." These two types of knowledge clearly belong to different levels. The first one belongs to the principle level and the second one belongs to the application level.
"Investigation technology theory" should be attributed to the principle level of "investigation technical knowledge". It is a knowledge system aimed at studying "characteristics, attributes and inherent laws of investigation technology". "Investigation technology theory" and other investigative theories have the purpose of revealing principle questions, and the difference in the core between them lies in each of them. Different methods of revelation have been taken, and the theory of investigation technology is independent of the system of investigation theory because of its unique "observation, thinking and way of speaking".
"Investigation technology theory research" belongs to the category of social science research. It should have research paradigm consciousness in the study of "investigation technology theory". At the same time, "investigation technology theory" is only a form or part of "investigation theory". In the whole "investigation theory" research, it seems to have a kind of research paradigm. As a sum total of people's understanding and understanding of the things and phenomena of investigation, the production of "investigation knowledge" is bound to form its own research paradigm on the basis of the general research paradigm of social science, so that it can better achieve theoretical innovation and promote the completion of the "scientific revolution" of itself.
The problems faced by the research on the theory of investigation technology can bring people the following important enlightenment: "investigation practice knowledge" is a part of "investigation knowledge", mainly the empirical knowledge that records concrete methods; "investigation practice knowledge" production may be a "whip" for the theoretical researchers of "deep living College". The production of theoretical knowledge of investigation involves a lot of special methods and traditions and special expressions of theoretical research, which is more strange to most investigative practitioners. The investigative organs and their research institutions can be used in concrete practical work, focusing on the methods of investigating and breaking the case. The investigation theory research group should take a wider field of vision, detached from the specific method of breaking the case, and focus on the theoretical study of the "investigation" or phenomenon. The rational division of labor and cooperation can promote the overall prosperity of the "investigation knowledge" production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D918.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 蔣鵬飛;欺詐性偵查研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王圣虎;技術(shù)偵查措施理論與應(yīng)用研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：2152546