本文選題：商業(yè)賄賂 + 醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 商業(yè)賄賂在中國醫(yī)療行業(yè)已成為行規(guī)和企業(yè)運(yùn)行潛規(guī)則,商業(yè)賄賂是一種典型的不正當(dāng)競爭,是指經(jīng)營者為銷售或者購買商品而采用財(cái)物或者其他手段賄賂對方單位或者個人的行為。本質(zhì)是通過賄賂手段,獲得交易機(jī)會,損害其他經(jīng)營者合法權(quán)益,擾亂社會經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。醫(yī)藥購銷領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)賄賂,加劇了群眾看病難、看病貴問題,損害了黨和政府的聲譽(yù),敗壞了衛(wèi)生行業(yè)和醫(yī)務(wù)人員的形象,是造成醫(yī)藥管理棍亂、醫(yī)患關(guān)系緊張、醫(yī)療糾紛增多的一個重要原因,已經(jīng)引起了社會的重大關(guān)注。如不及時治理,商業(yè)賄賂所導(dǎo)致的腐敗和激化的社會矛盾將不僅將成為衛(wèi)生事業(yè)健康發(fā)展的瓶頸,更將給整個中國宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來嚴(yán)重內(nèi)傷,影響社會穩(wěn)定。醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部,近幾年也開始關(guān)注這種現(xiàn)象,提出了很多內(nèi)部制約的規(guī)章制度。國家法律對商業(yè)賄賂的規(guī)定日益細(xì)化及完整,在法律規(guī)制以及概念界定方面出了較多的成果,順應(yīng)時勢,相關(guān)的偵查部門也應(yīng)該完善對于商業(yè)賄賂的偵查與治理,本文就是側(cè)重于從偵查的角度,分析醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂犯罪案件的特點(diǎn),根據(jù)特點(diǎn)合理選擇案件的偵查突破口,適用相應(yīng)的偵查措施與手段,由此來建立一個有效的長期的犯罪防控機(jī)制。 文章分為三個部分,共三萬五千字。第一部分,對醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概述。包括對商業(yè)賄賂、商業(yè)賄賂犯罪、醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂犯罪概念的界定;當(dāng)前醫(yī)藥購銷領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的現(xiàn)狀、特征以及成因的分析。商業(yè)賄賂是指經(jīng)營者在商業(yè)活動中為銷售或者購買商品、提供或者接受服務(wù),采用給與對方單位或者個人財(cái)物或者其他利益的不正當(dāng)交易行為。商業(yè)賄賂從本質(zhì)上講屬于賄賂范疇,是賄賂的一種類型。商業(yè)賄賂犯罪則是指發(fā)生在商業(yè)活動領(lǐng)域中的所有為了謀取商業(yè)利益而破壞正常市場競爭秩序的賄賂犯罪行為。醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)賄賂犯罪是指發(fā)生在醫(yī)療藥品、設(shè)備、耗材的商業(yè)交易過程中,經(jīng)營者為了經(jīng)濟(jì)目的而給予醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)及其負(fù)責(zé)人以錢財(cái),后者利用自己的職權(quán)為前者謀取不正當(dāng)利益而索取或收受錢財(cái),情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的行為。這種犯罪不同于一般的商業(yè)賄賂犯罪而有其自身的特點(diǎn)。其形成的原因是多方面的:“以藥養(yǎng)醫(yī)”的醫(yī)藥體制、醫(yī)患雙方的信息不對稱、法律法規(guī)不健全、監(jiān)督機(jī)制不完善、管理機(jī)制不完善、醫(yī)藥購銷和醫(yī)療服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊等。在一系列原因的復(fù)雜作用下,醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的呈現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)峻的態(tài)勢,一系列案件的浮出水面,諸多高官的落網(wǎng)表明,這種腐敗的不良行為已經(jīng)滲透到了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的體制中,后果非常嚴(yán)重。 第二部分,探討醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的偵查對策。在這一部分首先著重論述的是醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域犯罪案件的特點(diǎn)。從犯罪時間來看,它一般是發(fā)生在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域或商業(yè)交易過程中;犯罪空間來看,此類案件一般沒有固定的地點(diǎn)和場所;犯罪主體多元化關(guān)聯(lián)化,串案窩案明顯增多;犯罪對象多樣性,既包括生活中一般意義的財(cái)物,還包括提供其他類型的利益,如出國、旅游等;犯罪手段多樣性,比如試用、回扣、虛開發(fā)票等;犯罪后果嚴(yán)重性,對于醫(yī)療事業(yè)這種救死扶傷、具有較高職業(yè)道德情操的行業(yè)而言,民眾賦予更高的情感訴求,不允許夾雜任何腐敗成分,一旦發(fā)生腐敗,就是影響到社會民生的大事。其次,根據(jù)案件特點(diǎn),對案件查處困難進(jìn)行剖析,尋求案件的突破口。此類案件的查處具有相當(dāng)?shù)碾y度,一方面是由于現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)還不夠完善,具體的諸如案件立案、管轄等制度都比較混亂。另一方面,此類案件涉及到醫(yī)療專業(yè)領(lǐng)域,這對偵查人員的素質(zhì)有較高的要求。并且此類案件的犯罪人一般都有較高的素質(zhì),反偵查的能力相當(dāng)強(qiáng),這些都構(gòu)成案件偵破的重重阻礙。由此,我們要在明確此類案件的立案、管轄的基礎(chǔ)上,對案件進(jìn)行審查,致力于尋求案件的突破口,緊緊抓住賬目及相關(guān)的材料,抓住藥品流通等關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行審查等等。最后,在前面所分析問題的基礎(chǔ)上,提出打擊醫(yī)藥購銷領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的偵查對策,在基本偵查手段的基礎(chǔ)上力求創(chuàng)新。一般的偵查方法,如訊問、獲取證人證言、走訪、開座談會、搜查居所等,依然應(yīng)該作為基礎(chǔ)的措施予以實(shí)施。除此,一些特殊的偵查方法也可以選擇性的采用,如技術(shù)偵查、司法會計(jì)檢查、誘惑偵查等。 第三部分,探求從倫理、立法、體制等角度構(gòu)建防范醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域商業(yè)賄賂的長效機(jī)制,同時防控對策的建立與原因、特點(diǎn)相對應(yīng)。具體有:制定和完善有關(guān)法律法規(guī);改革醫(yī)療管理體制,構(gòu)建有效可行的醫(yī)療規(guī)制體制;研究和設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)合理的醫(yī)療規(guī)制機(jī)制,比如:建立和完善價(jià)格調(diào)控機(jī)制、建立和完善醫(yī)療質(zhì)量評估機(jī)制、建立和完善信息披露機(jī)制、建立和完善醫(yī)院和醫(yī)技人員的準(zhǔn)入機(jī)制等。
[Abstract]:Commercial bribe in Chinese medical profession has become a rule of practice and business operation. Commercial bribery is a typical unfair competition. It means that the operator bribes the other unit or individual by means of property or other means to sell or purchase goods. The essence is to get the trading opportunity by means of bribery and damage other business. The legal rights and interests of the people have disrupted the social and economic order. The commercial bribery in the field of medicine and marketing has aggravated the difficulty of seeing a doctor, seeing the expensive problem, damaged the reputation of the party and the government, corrupted the image of the health industry and the medical staff, and has caused an important reason for the disorder of medical management sticks, the tension between doctors and patients, and the increase of medical disputes, which has already caused the society. If not in time, the corruption and intensifying social contradictions caused by commercial bribery will not only become the bottleneck of health development, but also bring serious internal injury to the whole Chinese macro-economy and affect social stability. In the medical system, many internal constraints have been put forward in recent years, and many internal constraints have been put forward. The rules and regulations of the state law are becoming more and more detailed and complete on commercial bribery, and more achievements have been made in legal regulation and concept definition. The relevant investigative departments should also improve the investigation and management of commercial bribery. This article is to focus on the analysis of commercial bribery crime in the medical field from the angle of investigation. The characteristics of the case, according to the characteristics of the rational selection of the breach of the case investigation, the application of the corresponding investigation measures and means, thus to establish an effective long-term crime prevention and control mechanism.
The article is divided into three parts, a total of thirty-five thousand words. In the first part, the related contents of commercial bribery in the medical field are summarized. It includes the definition of commercial bribery, commercial bribery crime, the concept of commercial bribery crime in the medical field, the current situation, characteristics and causes of commercial bribery in the field of medical purchase and marketing. Bribery is a kind of improper transaction that provides or accepts services for the sale or purchase of goods in business activities and uses the other units or personal property or other interests. Commercial bribery is a type of bribery in nature and is a type of bribery. Business bribery crime refers to the field of commercial activity. A bribery crime in which the normal market competition order is destroyed in order to gain commercial interests. Commercial bribery in the medical field refers to the business transactions that occur in medical drugs, equipment, and consumables, and the operators give money to the medical institutions and their responsible persons for economic purposes, and the latter uses their own powers as the former. This crime is different from the general commercial bribery crime and has its own characteristics. The cause of this crime is many aspects: the medical system of "taking medicine for medicine", the asymmetric information of the doctors and patients, the unsound laws and regulations, the imperfect supervision mechanism, the management mechanism, Under the complex action of a series of reasons, the crime of commercial bribery in the medical field shows a severe situation, and a series of cases have come to the surface. The net of many high officials shows that this kind of corrupt behavior has penetrated into the system of market economy, and the consequences are very serious.
The second part discusses the Investigative Countermeasures of the crime of commercial bribery in the medical field. In this part, the characteristics of the criminal cases in the medical field are mainly discussed in this part. From the time of crime, it usually occurs in the commercial or commercial transactions; in the criminal space, there is no fixed place and place for such cases; the subject of the crime is generally not. The diversity of the criminal object diversity, including the property of the general meaning of life, including the provision of other types of interests, such as going abroad, tourism, such as the variety of criminal means, such as the trial, the rebate, the invoice and so on, and the seriousness of the consequences of the crime, has a higher occupation for the medical cause. In the moral sentiment industry, the people endow higher emotional appeals and do not allow any corrupted components. Once corruption occurs, it is an important event that affects the people's livelihood. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the case, it analyzes the difficulties in investigating and investigating the cases, and seeks the breach of the case. The current laws and regulations are not perfect, and the specific systems such as case filing and jurisdiction are all confused. On the other hand, such cases involve medical professional fields, which have high requirements for the quality of investigators. And the offenders in such cases generally have high quality, and the ability to counter investigation is quite strong, which all constitute cases. Therefore, we should make a clear case on the basis of the case, on the basis of the jurisdiction, to examine the case, to seek the breach of the case, to seize the accounts and related materials, to seize the key links of drug circulation and so on. Finally, on the basis of the previous analysis, we put forward the attack of medicine. The Investigative Countermeasures of commercial bribery crime in the field of purchase and marketing strive for innovation on the basis of basic investigative means. General investigation methods, such as interrogation, witness testimony, visit, open forum, search place, etc., should still be carried out as basic measures. In addition, some special investigation methods can be adopted selectively, such as technical detection. Inspection, judicial accounting inspection, seduction investigation, etc.
The third part is to explore the long-term mechanism of preventing commercial bribery in the medical field from the perspectives of ethics, legislation and system. At the same time, the establishment and reasons of prevention and control measures should be established and the characteristics are corresponding. The specific features are: making and perfecting relevant laws and regulations, reforming the medical management system, constructing an effective and feasible medical regulation system, and studying and designing scientific and rational medical treatment. The mechanism of treatment regulation, such as: establishing and perfecting the mechanism of price regulation, establishing and perfecting the medical quality evaluation mechanism, establishing and perfecting the information disclosure mechanism, establishing and perfecting the admission mechanism of hospitals and medical technicians.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D917.6

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