本文選題：吸毒 + 預(yù)防�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2004年博士論文

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)80年代以來，我國禁毒執(zhí)法部門堅定不移地貫徹嚴(yán)打方 針，始終保持對毒品犯罪的高壓態(tài)勢，但我國的禁吸戒毒工作所面臨的 形勢依然不容樂觀，突出表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： 一是吸毒人數(shù)仍然居高不下，吸毒人口呈現(xiàn)年輕化和低齡化趨勢。 截止2003年底，我國累計登記在冊的吸毒人員已達到105．3萬人，72．2％ 是35歲以下的青少年，這其中還不包括4～7倍于此、數(shù)量龐大的隱性 吸毒人口。 二是涉毒區(qū)域仍在擴大，吸毒人員的職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和社會階層日趨復(fù)雜 化。中國公安部2003年公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國內(nèi)地31個省(自治區(qū)、 直轄市)都存在吸毒問題，涉毒縣(市、區(qū))已達到2148個，其中比較 嚴(yán)重的，也就是吸毒人員超過1000人的縣(市、區(qū))有214個。 三是走私、販賣、運輸、制造毒品活動猖獗，因吸毒而誘發(fā)賣淫、 盜竊、搶劫等違法犯罪現(xiàn)象突出。吸毒與走私、販賣、運輸、制造毒品 是共生互動、互相依存的關(guān)系，既然境外毒源無法鏟除，販毒和吸毒也 就不可能根治；反過來，也由于國內(nèi)存在龐大的吸毒群體，這一群體對 毒品的巨大需求所產(chǎn)生的暴利，又會刺激毒品的制造、走私、運輸和販 賣。盡管禁毒機關(guān)不斷加大對毒品犯罪的打擊力度，但在國際交往頻繁、 制毒販毒依然十分活躍的大環(huán)境背景下，要想在中國這個局部戰(zhàn)場短期 內(nèi)徹底根治毒品犯罪是不可能的，也是不現(xiàn)實的。 WP=207 四是由于吸毒是高開銷的持續(xù)性行為，在強烈毒癮的折磨下，為了 盡快獲得毒資，他們在騙光、偷光、拖跨自己的家庭和朋友之后，如果 仍不能自拔的話，他們必然會非偷即搶、以販養(yǎng)吸、以賣淫養(yǎng)吸，從而 給社會治安帶來極為嚴(yán)重的后果。據(jù)大量調(diào)查，在吸毒成癮者中有70～ 75％左右曾有違法犯罪行為。 五是對吸毒人員的執(zhí)法難和收治率低，戒毒人員的康復(fù)矯治效果不 理想。多年來我國戒毒機構(gòu)對吸毒人員的收戒方式始終走不出一種怪圈： 戒毒所收治一部分吸毒人員，社會上還有一部分吸毒人員，等這批戒毒 人員出所后，再把另一部分人收治進來，可前一批戒毒人員出所后又很 快復(fù)吸，如此循環(huán)反復(fù)，導(dǎo)致戒毒工作始終處于“屢吸屢戒，屢戒屢吸” 的惡性循環(huán)狀態(tài)。 六是吸毒預(yù)防的宣傳教育設(shè)計不夠科學(xué)，效果不理想，沒有充分調(diào) 動群眾以形成全民禁毒的工作態(tài)勢。 因此，針對不斷變化著的毒品犯罪和吸毒現(xiàn)象，如何更有效地從吸 毒預(yù)防角度來地開展宣傳教育，規(guī)范和完善戒毒醫(yī)療康復(fù)制度，解決立 法和對策的滯后性問題，以便更好地遏止毒品犯罪，減緩新吸毒人員的 滋生，最大限度降低吸毒所帶來的社會危害，這方面的理論研究和實踐 方法的探索顯得格外迫切和重要。 廣義上的行為預(yù)防既包括行為發(fā)生前的預(yù)防，也包括控制、制止行 為的全部過程，但這其中又以行為發(fā)生前的預(yù)防最為重要。鑒于目前在 戒毒康復(fù)方面還有很多難題尚未攻克，吸毒行為的前期預(yù)防也就顯得格 外重要。因此，在當(dāng)前我國吸毒治理工作面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)的新形勢下，吸 毒預(yù)防研究具有十分重要的理論價值和實踐意義： 第一，吸毒預(yù)防開展效果的好壞，直接關(guān)系到能否扭轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前我國禁 吸戒毒工作的被動態(tài)勢。 第二，就如何杜絕和減少吸毒行為的發(fā)生來看，預(yù)防比禁毒戒毒更 WP=208 具可行性，也更容易有成效。 第三，吸毒預(yù)防對減少青少年吸毒行為的發(fā)生意義尤為重大，這是 由青少年性格行為的可塑性以及青少年吸毒行為發(fā)生的特點所決定。 第四，國內(nèi)外一些有益探索及其經(jīng)驗也證明了吸毒預(yù)防的重要意義。 為此，本文采取了以下的研究視角、思路和方法： (一)研究視角 在分析吸毒的成因時，國內(nèi)的很多學(xué)者首推毒品的可獲得性、毒品 黑市的猖獗，認(rèn)為這是產(chǎn)生吸毒行為的重要原因。然而筆者認(rèn)為，任何 消費品沒有需求和市場，也就喪失了存在的前提。作為國家嚴(yán)厲控制查 處的違禁品，，毒品的存在同樣離不開非法消費的市場和群體，販賣、運 輸、制造毒品的最終收益也是取決于毒品的需求。如果我們能夠從源頭 上探究出人們吸毒的原因，并相應(yīng)地調(diào)整預(yù)防和矯治措施，從而有效地 控制和減少社會對毒品的需求，相信這對我們的禁毒工作會有更大的幫 助和啟益。因此，本文選擇吸毒預(yù)防的研究視角，嘗試從源頭上去全面 深入地探討預(yù)防和減少吸毒行為的發(fā)生的方法和途徑，以期能在借鑒前 人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上有所突破，從而為我國的禁吸戒毒工作提供有益的 啟示，扭轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前我國禁吸戒毒工作所面臨的被動局面。 (二)研究思路 吸毒行為的發(fā)生是外部社會客觀條件和個體主觀要素相互交織、共 同作用的結(jié)果，從理論上講，很難認(rèn)定吸毒者由于單一的原因而吸毒， 多種原因要素需要在一定的條件、一定的情境和一定的過程中互動。在 這些復(fù)雜的要素中，一些是具有共性的，一些具有個別性的特點；多種 要素也具有層次性，一些是本質(zhì)性的、決定性的、具有直接影響作用的 因素，一些是次要的、輔助的、間接的因素。具有共性的因素反映了吸 毒者相同或相似的主體觀念和人格特點；具有個別特點的要素反映了吸 毒者不同的吸毒行為的動機，即激起吸毒行為的內(nèi)心起因和意志
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s , China ' s anti - drug law enforcement authorities have been firmly committed to the strict implementation of the law








needle , consistent with the high - pressure situation of drug - related crime , but the anti - drug work of our country faces








The situation is still not optimistic , with the following aspects :








First , the number of drug users remains high , and the drug users are younger and younger .








By the end of 2003 , 105.3 million drug users registered in our country had reached 105.3 million , 72.2 %








It ' s a teenager under the age of 35 . It doesn ' t include 4 - 7 times . It ' s a huge amount .








Drug users .








Second , the drug - related areas are still expanding , and the professional structure and social stratum of drug users are increasingly complex








In 2003 , the Ministry of Public Security of China showed that 31 provinces in the Mainland ( autonomous regions ,








There are drug abuse problems in the municipalities directly under the Central Government , and 2,148 drug - related counties ( cities and districts ) have reached 2,148 , compared with those in the municipalities directly under the Central Government .








Serious , that is , there are 214 counties ( cities , districts ) with more than 1,000 drug users .








Thirdly , smuggling , trafficking , transportation and drug - making activities are rampant , and prostitution is induced by drug use ,








Crime of crimes such as theft and robbery . Drug use and smuggling , trafficking , transportation and manufacture of drugs








They are symbiotic , interdependent and interdependent , since foreign sources cannot eradicate , drug trafficking and drug use








it is impossible to radically cure ;
In turn , this group is also due to the presence of large groups of drug users in the country








The huge demand for drugs is the rage , which also stimulates the manufacture , smuggling , transport and trafficking of drugs .








In spite of the increasing efforts to combat drug - related crime , the drug - drug authorities have frequently engaged in international exchanges ,








Drug trafficking is still very active in the context of the environment , to be in China this local battlefield short - term








It is impossible to radically cure the drug crime and it is not realistic .








WP=207









Fourth , because drug use is a persistent behavior of high spending , under the tortures of intense drug addiction , in order to








Get poison as soon as possible , they ' re lying , stealing , dragging across their families and friends , if they ' re cheating .








If they are still unable to pull themselves out , they will not steal or rob them , so as to bring up and suck in prostitution , so that they can be used for the purpose of prostitution .








There are very serious consequences for social security , 70 to 70 per cent of addicts in drug addicts , according to a large number of surveys








About 75 % of them have committed criminal acts .








The fifth is that the law enforcement difficulty and the treatment rate of the drug addicts are low , and the rehabilitation and treatment effect of the drug addicts is not








Ideal . For many years , Chinese drug addicts have always walked out of a strange circle in the way of taking up the drug addicts .








A part of drug addicts , some drug addicts in the society , and so on .








After the personnel came out of the hospital , another part of the people came in , and the former group of drug addicts came out of the post .








Quick reabsorption , so circulating and repeated , leading to drug withdrawal is always in the " award - taking , the award - taking "








The vicious circle of state .








Sixth , the propaganda and education design of drug use prevention is not scientific , the effect is not ideal , it is not fully adjusted








Moving the masses to form a universal anti - drug work situation .








Therefore , with regard to changing drug - related crime and drug abuse , how to get more effective from the suction








Carry out propaganda and education , regulate and perfect the rehabilitation system of drug addiction prevention and cure , and solve the problem








The lagging of laws and responses in order to better combat drug - related crime and to slow down new drug users .








The theoretical research and practice of breeding and minimizing the social harm brought by drug use








The exploration of the method is especially urgent and important .








The behavior prevention in a broad sense includes both prevention before the onset of the act , as well as the control and suppression of the line








For all the processes , it is most important to prevent it from happening again . In view of the current situation ,








There are still a lot of difficulties in the rehabilitation of drug addicts , and the early prevention of drug use appears to be the same








Therefore , under the new situation that the current situation of drug abuse in our country is faced with severe challenges ,








The research of toxicity prevention has very important theoretical value and practical significance :








First , the effect of drug abuse prevention is directly related to whether to reverse current China ' s ban








Passive posture of drug withdrawal .








Secondly , to prevent and reduce the incidence of drug abuse , prevention is more effective than drug control .








WP=208









It is feasible and more effective .








Thirdly , drug abuse prevention is particularly important in reducing the incidence of drug abuse among adolescents , which is








It is determined by the plasticity of adolescent personality behavior and the characteristics of juvenile drug abuse .








Fourthly , some useful exploration and experience at home and abroad have also proved the important significance of drug abuse prevention .








For this reason , the following research perspectives , ideas and methods are adopted in this paper .








( I ) From the perspective of research








In the analysis of the causes of drug use , many scholars in the country first push the availability of drugs , drugs








This is an important reason for drug abuse . However , the author believes that any








There is no demand and market for consumer goods , and the precondition for the existence of consumer goods is lost .








The existence of drugs is also inseparable from the illegal consumption of markets and groups , traffic and transportation .








The final return on drug delivery is also dependent on the demand for drugs . If we can start from the source








Investigate the causes of drug use and adjust prevention and treatment measures accordingly , so as to effectively








Control and reduce the demand for drugs in society , and believe it will have a greater contribution to our anti - narcotics work








Therefore , this article chooses the research perspective of drug abuse prevention , try to go up from the source








In - depth exploration of ways and means to prevent and reduce the incidence of drug abuse , with a view to being able to learn from it








There is a breakthrough on the basis of the research results , thus providing beneficial results for the anti - drug work in our country .








The enlightenment is to reverse the current situation of drug addiction in our country .








( II ) Research thinking








The occurrence of drug use behavior is the external social objective condition and the individual subjective element interweave , altogether








As a result of the same function , it is difficult to conclude that drug users are taking drugs for a single reason ,








A variety of reasons need to interact in certain conditions , certain situations and certain processes .








Among these complex factors , some are commonness , some have the characteristics of individuality ;
multiple








Elements are also hierarchical , some of which are essential , decisive and have a direct effect .








Factors , some of which are secondary , auxiliary , and indirect .








The same or similar subject concept and personality characteristics of drug users ;
Elements with individual characteristics reflect suction








The motives of drug abuse , that is , the inner causes and will of drug abuse
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D917.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 朱萍;陳沙麥;;社會轉(zhuǎn)型期女性吸毒社會控制體系構(gòu)建[J];福建行政學(xué)院學(xué)報;2008年04期

本文編號：1997027