本文選題：試論 + 進(jìn)一步�。� 參考：《華東政法學(xué)院》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】：勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度是我國(guó)一項(xiàng)具有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義法律制度。我國(guó)的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度是在20世紀(jì)50年代中期的較為特殊的歷史條件下創(chuàng)建起來的,它的建立對(duì)于鞏固我國(guó)人民民主專政的國(guó)家政權(quán),保障社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的順利進(jìn)行,維護(hù)社會(huì)治安秩序,解決社會(huì)失業(yè)問題,改造反革命分子和壞分子化消極因素為積極因素都具有特殊的意義。 我國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的發(fā)展歷程可以分為幾個(gè)階段,其性質(zhì)從創(chuàng)辦、發(fā)展到現(xiàn)階段也隨之發(fā)生了很大的變化。在勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)建立之初,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)是對(duì)被勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)安置就業(yè)的一種辦法。在80年代初之前勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的性質(zhì)又被確定為“是對(duì)被勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的人實(shí)行強(qiáng)制性教育改造的行政措施,是處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾的一種方法。” 從80年代起,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的性質(zhì)逐步成為一種行政制裁措施。至90年代初期,我國(guó)重申了勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)是一種教育改造措施,又首次確認(rèn)了勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)也是一種行政處罰措施。 根據(jù)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)法律、法規(guī)和有關(guān)法律的規(guī)定以及勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的實(shí)踐,現(xiàn)行勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)適用程序是一種行政法律程序,而非訴訟程序,其行政特色和勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)特色比較鮮明。根據(jù)《勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)試行辦法》的有關(guān)規(guī)定以及各地方的制定細(xì)則,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)適 WP=3 用程序主要包括立案?jìng)刹�、審核、審批和�?fù)議等幾個(gè)階段。 我國(guó)的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度與短期自由刑和治安行政措施中的收容教育、收容遣送、治安拘留雖存在相似之處,但在法律依據(jù)、適用對(duì)象、性質(zhì)、執(zhí)行等諸多方面仍有著一定的不同。同時(shí),我國(guó)的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度與國(guó)外的保安處分在性質(zhì)、適用效力、決定權(quán)等方面也存在著不同之處。 勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng),是我國(guó)社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)中的一大創(chuàng)舉,是一項(xiàng)具有中國(guó)特色的教育、挽救、感化違法和輕微犯罪行為人的社會(huì)主義法律制度。勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展不僅教育改造了人,而且完善了我國(guó)的法制體系。從勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)實(shí)施的歷程和現(xiàn)狀看,這一制度的存在有其必然性和合理性。如在對(duì)那些不夠刑事處罰,但以治安處罰條例又不足以防止其社會(huì)危害性的人進(jìn)行處罰的適用方面。勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度適應(yīng)了建國(guó)以來我國(guó)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和法制發(fā)展的水平,也滿足了司法實(shí)踐中的需求。實(shí)踐證明,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)在維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定中所起到的作用是其它法律手段難于取代的。 但是,從依法治國(guó)的法制原則來看,這一制度又存在嚴(yán)重的缺陷,隨著社會(huì)主義民主與法制的健全,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度存在的合法性以及合理性越來越受到質(zhì)疑。勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度存在的缺陷是多方面的,如勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)制度的法律、法規(guī)依據(jù)不健全、不統(tǒng)一,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的地位不明確,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的性質(zhì)不明確。又如,在勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)實(shí)體規(guī)定方面存在的處罰強(qiáng)度缺乏適當(dāng)性,地域適用效力不符合現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)象的的范圍過于狹窄,量罰標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不夠完善等諸多不合理性。再如,勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)在程序設(shè)置上存在的不正當(dāng)性以及勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置的不合理性等等。 針對(duì)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)存在的各種弊端和缺陷,必須進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的各項(xiàng)制度。首先,應(yīng)當(dāng)將勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)予以立法,從而進(jìn)一步在理論和法律依據(jù)上明確勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的地位和性質(zhì)。其次,要進(jìn)一步確定勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的對(duì)象和范圍,要將勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)與刑 WP=4 事處罰和治安處罰的對(duì)象加以及明確區(qū)分。還有,要盡快完善勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)程序方面的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定。取消早已名存實(shí)亡的勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)管理委員會(huì),明確公安機(jī)關(guān)為勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的審批部門,縮短勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的期限,體現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)輕于刑事處罰但重于治安行政處罰的特點(diǎn)。同時(shí),總結(jié)目前勞教管理的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),建立與勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)相一致的管理制度,保障勞教人員的合法權(quán)益,使勞教與刑事處罰顯著區(qū)分開來。
[Abstract]:The system of reeducation through labor is a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. The system of reeducation through labor in China has been established under the special historical conditions in the middle of the 1950s. It is established for the state power of consolidating the democratic dictatorship of our country, ensuring the smooth progress of the socialist construction and maintaining the society. Public order, solving social unemployment, reforming counter revolutionaries and bad elements of negative factors are of special significance for positive factors.
The course of the development of reeducation through labor in China can be divided into several stages, and its nature has also changed greatly from the establishment, development to the present stage. At the beginning of the establishment of the reeducation through labor, the reeducation through labor is a means of resettlement and employment by labor. The nature of the labor education before the beginning of the 80s is determined as "to be reeducation by labor." The administrative measures for compulsory education reform are the way to deal with the contradictions among the people. "Since 80s, the nature of the reeducation through labor has gradually become an administrative sanction. In the early 90s, our country reaffirmed that the reeducation through labor was an educational reform measure, and the first time that the reeducation through labor was also an administrative penalty measure." Shi.
According to the law of reeducation through labor, regulations and relevant laws and the practice of reeducation through labor, the current application procedure of reeducation through labor is an administrative legal procedure, rather than a procedural procedure, its administrative characteristics and the characteristics of reeducation through labor are quite distinct. According to the regulations on the Trial Measures for reeducation through labor and the detailed rules and regulations of various places, the reeducation through labor suitable
WP=3
The procedures include investigation, examination, examination and approval, and reconsideration.
Although the system of reeducation through labor in our country is similar to that of the short term free punishment and the administrative measures of public security, reception and repatriation and public security detention, there are still some differences in many aspects, such as the legal basis, the applicable object, the nature and the execution. At the same time, the system of reeducation through labor in our country is in nature and applicable to foreign security measures. There are differences in the right of decision and so on.
Reeducation through labor is a great initiative in the socialist revolution and construction of our country. It is a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics of education, saving, affecting illegal and minor offences. The creation and development of reeducation through labor not only educates people, but also improves the legal system of our country. The course of the implementation of labor education. In view of the present situation, the existence of this system has its inevitability and rationality, such as the application of punishment to those who are not enough criminal penalties, but not enough to prevent their social harmfulness by public security punishment regulations. The system of reeducation through labor adapts to the level of the development of our society, economy and the legal system since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and also satisfies the judicial practice. Practice has proved that the role of reeducation through labor in maintaining social stability is difficult to replace by other legal means.
However, from the rule of law principle of the rule of law, there are serious defects in this system. With the perfection of socialist democracy and legal system, the legitimacy and rationality of the existence of the system of reeducation through labor is being questioned more and more. The defects of the system of reeducation through labor are many aspects, such as the law of the reeducation through labor system and the unsound basis of the regulations, The position of the reeducation through labor is not clear, the nature of the reeducation through labor is not clear, as well as the lack of appropriateness in the punishment intensity in the provisions of the reeducation through labor, the application of the region is not in conformity with the status quo, the scope of the object is too narrow, the standard of the quantity and punishment is not perfect, and so on. The existence of illegitimacy and the unreasonable setting of reeducation through labor institutions and so on.
In view of the various malpractices and defects in the reeducation through labor, we must further improve the various systems of reeducation through labor in our country. First, it should be legislated in order to further clarify the status and nature of the reeducation through labor in theory and law. Secondly, it is necessary to confirm the object and scope of the reeducation through labor and the reeducation of labor. And punishment
WP=4
It is necessary to make a clear distinction between the object of the punishment and the punishment of the public security. In addition, the provisions of the procedure of reeducation through labor should be perfected as soon as possible. To abolish the long term labor reeducation Management Committee, clear the examination and approval department of the public security organs for the reeducation through labor, shorten the period of the reeducation through labor, and reflect the light of the reeducation through the penal punishment but more than the treatment. At the same time, it summarizes the successful experience of the management of labor education, establishes the management system that is consistent with the reeducation through labor, guarantees the legitimate rights and interests of the workers, and distinguishes the labor and criminal punishment from the criminal punishment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：D926.8

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本文編號(hào)：1988104