本文選題：商業(yè)賄賂 + 跨學(xué)科分析��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和改革開放的進行,我國經(jīng)濟體制的模式和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了重大變化,發(fā)生在經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域和商業(yè)活動中的商業(yè)賄賂(包括商業(yè)違法行為和商業(yè)犯罪行為)日益增多,滋生了犯罪和腐敗,嚴重的破壞了公平合理的社會主義競爭制度,發(fā)展為嚴峻的法律和社會問題,成為賄賂的最主要形式。這不只是中國的特產(chǎn),也是世界性的難題,國際范圍內(nèi)對商業(yè)賄賂進行了詳盡的定義和規(guī)制,最為引人注目的是《聯(lián)合國反腐敗公約》;在國內(nèi),僅僅是作為單行刑法的《中華人民共和國反不正當(dāng)競爭法》和其他行政規(guī)章對商業(yè)賄賂進行了粗略的規(guī)定。學(xué)者們的定義則林林總總的角度不一。從對以上問題的研究上,本文認為商業(yè)賄賂的概念應(yīng)該是:在商業(yè)及相關(guān)經(jīng)濟活動中,經(jīng)營者(包括其職工)以排斥競爭對手獲得優(yōu)勢競爭地位為目的,為使自己在銷售、購買商品或提供服務(wù)等業(yè)務(wù)活動中獲利,而采取的向足以影響交易的國家工作人員或交易相對人私下暗中提供或許諾提供某種利益,從而實現(xiàn)不正當(dāng)競爭的權(quán)錢交易行為。 與一般商業(yè)賄賂違法行為相比,商業(yè)賄賂犯罪無論是在主觀惡性程度,還是在社會危害方面,都要嚴重的多。對商業(yè)賄賂犯罪構(gòu)成要件的分析,可以最科學(xué)的體現(xiàn)定罪地功能,實現(xiàn)打擊犯罪的目的。商業(yè)賄賂的客體應(yīng)當(dāng)是由基本客體和選擇性客體組成地復(fù)雜性客體,基本客體就是公平合理的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟秩序,而選擇性客體一是國家工作人員職務(wù)的廉潔性;二是正�；顒踊蚬截敭a(chǎn)所有權(quán)。商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的主體復(fù)雜多樣,包括了幾乎所有的主體類型。勿庸置疑,直接故意顯然是商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的主觀方面特征。在客觀方面上,針對作為商業(yè)賄賂犯罪中的動力學(xué)因素──即"權(quán)"和"錢",本文進行了重點的研究和分析。 摸清犯罪的成因無疑是找到了開門的鑰匙。依犯罪原因二元論的觀點,本文運用跨學(xué)科多角度分析地方法,通過對商業(yè)賄賂犯罪成因的多學(xué)科分析,力圖明晰其社會和個人原因。具體包括以下內(nèi)容:1、在法經(jīng)濟學(xué)基本理論(如尋租、經(jīng)濟人、成本──收益分析)的框架下,剖析商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的根源;2、在社會學(xué)和社會心理學(xué)的層面上,以對社會個體、社會群體、個體與群體的互動關(guān)系展開論述;3、從偵查學(xué)角度分析犯罪人實施犯罪的原因。 幾組對商業(yè)賄賂的調(diào)查數(shù)字可以說明此類犯罪目前在我國的極端嚴重,幾乎存在于涉及商品交易和經(jīng)濟往來中每個行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域。其危害是不容低估的,在政治上、經(jīng)濟上、國際影響上都帶來一系列的負面效應(yīng)。同時,商業(yè)賄賂犯罪又有其自身規(guī)律和特點:行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域特點清晰,牽涉面大,隨意性強,呈動態(tài)趨勢,犯罪現(xiàn)象不斷翻新。 反商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的實踐,暴露出我國現(xiàn)階段無論是在法律層面還是在制度層面上的缺陷,直接影響著打擊商業(yè)賄賂犯罪的成效,影響著未來對商業(yè)賄賂犯罪現(xiàn)象的預(yù)防和控制效果:在法律層面──立法上主要存在著犯罪主體范圍小,賄賂物的外延窄和對行賄犯罪的規(guī)定不完善等問題;執(zhí)法上存在執(zhí)法主體多,不利于集中社會資源,節(jié)約司法成本。檢察機關(guān)在查處商業(yè)賄賂犯罪案件中監(jiān)督力度不夠,只注重大、要案查處,懲治隨意性大,認定自首多,同罪不同罰等多種問題。制度層面上,主要體現(xiàn)在國家權(quán)力過度干預(yù)市場,地方保護主義成為保護傘,制度形同虛設(shè),致使打擊商業(yè)賄賂犯罪乏力。針對上述缺陷,本文也從法律和制度兩方面提出對策構(gòu)想。在法律方面,專門立法,盡快制定《反商業(yè)賄賂法》,剖析立法背景,提出確定原則和基本內(nèi)容,同時設(shè)定商業(yè)賄賂罪罪名,并對商業(yè)賄賂罪罪狀表述、刑事責(zé)任予以論述。在制度對策上,應(yīng)從預(yù)防制度和教育制度上下手,尤其是防患于未然,以加強商業(yè)賄賂預(yù)防制度為核心,重點搞好社會預(yù)防和司法預(yù)防,圍繞社會主義價值體系教育建設(shè),培養(yǎng)健康的商業(yè)文化,進行"陽光財富觀"教育,使商業(yè)賄賂犯罪最終消亡。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the reform and opening up, the mode and structure of our economic system have changed greatly. The increasing number of commercial bribery (including commercial illegal behavior and commercial crime) in the economic and commercial activities has caused crime and corruption, and seriously damaged the fair and reasonable socialist competition system. It has become the most important form of bribery. It is not only a special product of China, but also a worldwide problem. In the international scope, commercial bribery has been defined and regulated in detail. The most notable is the United Nations Convention against corruption; in China, it is only the Chinese people as a single criminal law. In the study of the above problems, the concept of commercial bribery should be: in business and related economic activities, the battalion (including its staff) is excluded from the competitors in the business and related economic activities. The purpose of competitive position is to make a profit in the business activities such as selling, buying goods or providing services, and taking the right and money transaction to provide or promise some interests in private or promise to the national staff or the counterpart of the transaction in private, so as to realize the unfair competition.
Compared with the illegal acts of commercial bribery, commercial bribery crime is much more serious in both subjective and social harm. The analysis of the constitutive requirements of commercial bribery crime can most scientifically reflect the function of convictions and realize the goal of combating crime. The object of commercial bribery should be the basic object and selection. The choice object consists of the complex object, the basic object is the fair and reasonable socialist market economic order, and the selective object is the integrity of the duty of the state staff; the two is the normal activity or the ownership of the public and private property. The subject of commercial bribery crime is complex and diverse, including almost all the main types of the subject. The intention is obviously the subjective feature of the commercial bribery crime. In the objective aspect, this paper focuses on the research and analysis of the dynamic factors in the crime of commercial bribery, namely, "right" and "money".
To find out the cause of the crime is undoubtedly the key to the opening of the door. According to the dualism of the cause of the crime, this article tries to clarify its social and personal reasons by multidisciplinary analysis of interdisciplinary and multi angle analysis and through the multidisciplinary analysis of the causes of commercial bribery crime. The following contents are as follows: 1, in the basic theory of law and Economics (such as rent-seeking, economic man, Under the framework of cost income analysis, the root of commercial bribery crime is analyzed. 2, in the sociological and social psychology level, the interaction relationship between the social individual, the social group, the individual and the group is discussed. 3, the reasons for the crime committed by the criminal are analyzed from the angle of investigation.
Several groups of survey figures on commercial bribery show that this kind of crime is extremely serious in our country. It almost exists in every industry and field involved in commodity trading and economic exchanges. Its harm is not to be underestimated. It has a negative effect on political, economic and international effects. Meanwhile, commercial bribery crime has its own. Its own laws and characteristics: the characteristics of the industry and the domain are clear, involving large areas, arbitrariness, dynamic trend, and constantly improving the crime.
The practice of anti commercial bribery exposes the defects in the legal and institutional aspects of our country at the present stage, which directly affects the effectiveness of Combating Commercial Bribery Crime and affects the prevention and control effect of future commercial bribery crime. In the legal level, the main body of the crime is small, bribery. The extension of bribery is narrow and the regulations on bribery crime are not perfect. There are many law enforcement bodies in law enforcement, which are not conducive to the concentration of social resources and the cost of judicature. The procuratorial organs are not enough to supervise the cases of commercial bribery crimes. On the system level, it is mainly reflected in the excessive intervention of the state power in the market, the local protectionism is a protection umbrella, the system is empty, and the crime of combating commercial bribery is weak. In view of the above defects, this paper also puts forward the countermeasures from two aspects of law and system. The legislative background, set up the principle and the basic content, set the crime of commercial bribery crime, and discuss the crime statement of commercial bribery crime and criminal responsibility. In the system countermeasures, we should pay attention to the prevention system and the educational system, especially the prevention and prevention, in order to strengthen the commercial bribery prevention system as the core, and focus on the social prevention and the emphasis. Judicial prevention should focus on the construction of socialist value system, cultivate healthy business culture, and carry out the education of "sunshine wealth view", so that commercial bribery crimes will eventually die out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D917.6

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本文編號：1960899