本文選題：鑒定結(jié)論 + 適用　； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 有關(guān)鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)的研究和應(yīng)用是近年來理論界和實(shí)務(wù)部門日益關(guān)注的一個(gè)重要問題。本文本著提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的思路,從我國(guó)鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)適用的現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),借鑒國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)的本質(zhì)特征、證據(jù)能力、證明力、鑒定結(jié)論適用程序等基礎(chǔ)性問題以及鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)性的審查認(rèn)定等理論、立法和實(shí)踐中存在的問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析探討。全文由導(dǎo)論、正文九章及結(jié)論三部分組成,約30萬字。 在導(dǎo)論中,本文首先交代了研究背景、研究意義和研究方法。鑒定結(jié)論作為科學(xué)證據(jù)在訴訟活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,然而在這一背景下鑒定結(jié)論適用的證據(jù)規(guī)則在立法上卻出現(xiàn)了空白,司法實(shí)踐中成為新的“證據(jù)之王”為司法人員盲目采信。因而,鑒定結(jié)論適用的問題與對(duì)策研究具有為立法諫言、司法指導(dǎo)和豐富理論研究之意義。 第一章:“司法鑒定解讀”。本章在系統(tǒng)地考察和梳理有關(guān)司法鑒定的稱謂和含義各種觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)司法鑒定的稱謂和概念進(jìn)行了重構(gòu)。指出從鑒定在不同的法律活動(dòng)中,由于其受限于該種法律的約束而在法律制度規(guī)范上出現(xiàn)不同,將“鑒定”運(yùn)用于訴訟活動(dòng)中,鑒定就具有了“司法”的性質(zhì)而成為司法鑒定。司法鑒定受到訴訟規(guī)則的嚴(yán)格制約和訴訟效率價(jià)值的掣肘而具有了訴訟品格。司法的目的和科學(xué)手段的結(jié)合成為司法鑒定的本質(zhì)特征。 第二章:“鑒定結(jié)論適用簡(jiǎn)析”。本章在對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論適用作廣義界定的基礎(chǔ)上,首先明確了鑒定結(jié)論的涵義、特性、功能等要素性問題,并從比較的視角考察了鑒定結(jié)論適用的歷史軌跡,這是研究鑒定結(jié)論適用的基石。在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了鑒定結(jié)論客觀性、關(guān)聯(lián)性和合法性的靜態(tài)證據(jù)屬性,以及鑒定結(jié)論適用的動(dòng)態(tài)過程,明確鑒定結(jié)論適用包括鑒定資料的收集、鑒定結(jié)論的生成、鑒定結(jié)論的審查評(píng)斷三大階段。 第三章:“鑒定結(jié)論之證據(jù)能力與證明力”。鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)能力和證明力是鑒定結(jié)論適用的核心問題。本章在明確鑒定結(jié)論之證據(jù)能力與證明力內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)兩大法系鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力和證明力規(guī)范進(jìn)行了考察,剖析了我國(guó)鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力和證明力規(guī)范的立法現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題,并論證了規(guī)范鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力的必要性。最后提出了以鑒定之必要性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、科學(xué)可靠性、主體資格、鑒定過程正當(dāng)、鑒定資料來源合法等為要件的鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力規(guī)范構(gòu)想,以及鑒定結(jié)論無預(yù)定的、優(yōu)先的證明力、鑒定結(jié)論效力等級(jí)禁止、心證公開等鑒定結(jié)論證明力規(guī)則。 第四章:“鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)性評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在的問題與對(duì)策”。本章在對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)與鑒定科學(xué)的內(nèi)涵與差異進(jìn)行解讀的基礎(chǔ)上,論證了區(qū)分鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)科學(xué)與非科學(xué)的必要性,梳理了科學(xué)與非科學(xué)在科學(xué)哲學(xué)中的一般區(qū)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及域外證據(jù)法關(guān)于鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)性的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范,立足于我國(guó)目前鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)性判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題,確立了以“最大限度的利用現(xiàn)代科技成果,同時(shí)最大限度的阻止非科學(xué)的鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)進(jìn)入審判程序”作為鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)科學(xué)性評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的價(jià)值選擇,提出了我國(guó)鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)性判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的完善對(duì)策,并以專家輔助制度和法官鑒定科學(xué)知識(shí)培訓(xùn)制度作為鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)性評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)施行的保障。 第五章:“鑒定資料收集存在的問題與對(duì)策”。本章首先通過對(duì)幾個(gè)典型案例進(jìn)行分析,引出鑒定資料對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論可靠性的影響以及研究的必要性。然后以現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)刑事訴訟法對(duì)鑒定資料收集規(guī)范存在的問題為視角,分析原因并就如何對(duì)其完善提出對(duì)策,尤其對(duì)人體物質(zhì)類鑒定資料的收集提出了特殊的規(guī)范要求。 第六章:“鑒定主體資格存在的問題與對(duì)策”。本章首先對(duì)鑒定主體的內(nèi)涵與外延進(jìn)行了闡釋,明確鑒定主體應(yīng)為自然人鑒定人,繼而考察了不同訴訟制度下鑒定人的資格條件,分析了我國(guó)鑒定人資格認(rèn)證制度的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題,提出了以“職業(yè)資格、執(zhí)業(yè)資格和法律資格”作為鑒定人資格構(gòu)成的制度設(shè)想,同時(shí)應(yīng)該對(duì)鑒定人資質(zhì)實(shí)行動(dòng)態(tài)控制。 第七章:“鑒定程序存在的問題與對(duì)策”。本章在對(duì)鑒定程序之內(nèi)涵與外延進(jìn)行界定之后,在此基礎(chǔ)上展開了有關(guān)鑒定啟動(dòng)程序、鑒定實(shí)施程序、鑒定結(jié)論質(zhì)證程序和多頭鑒定和重復(fù)鑒定等問題的探討。在比較考察域外相關(guān)規(guī)定的情況下,剖析了我國(guó)各個(gè)程序環(huán)節(jié)存在的問題,并提出了解決的對(duì)策。在鑒定啟動(dòng)模式上提出了“職權(quán)主義與當(dāng)事人主義相結(jié)合的啟動(dòng)模式”,主張鑒定過程應(yīng)當(dāng)公開,強(qiáng)化控辯雙方的參與,確立了鑒定人出庭作證制度,對(duì)于實(shí)踐中普遍存在的多頭鑒定、重復(fù)鑒定問題提出了規(guī)范構(gòu)想。 第八章:“鑒定結(jié)論適用之證據(jù)規(guī)則體系簡(jiǎn)論”。本章是前幾章內(nèi)容的總結(jié),鑒定結(jié)論適用問題的研究宗旨在于設(shè)計(jì)出鑒定結(jié)論適用的證據(jù)規(guī)則,在前幾章對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論適用中所存在的問題的分析以及完善對(duì)策的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論適用的證據(jù)規(guī)則體系作一總結(jié)概括,具體包括鑒定結(jié)論適用之取證規(guī)則、鑒定啟動(dòng)程序規(guī)則、鑒定實(shí)施程序規(guī)則、鑒定結(jié)論質(zhì)證規(guī)則、鑒定結(jié)論之科學(xué)性評(píng)斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)則、鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力與證明力規(guī)則。 第九章:“幾種新型鑒定結(jié)論適用的問題與對(duì)策”。本章主要針對(duì)幾種新型鑒定結(jié)論進(jìn)行了具體的研究,包括DNA鑒定結(jié)論的適用、心理測(cè)試鑒定結(jié)論的適用以及聲紋鑒定結(jié)論的適用。每一新的科學(xué)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于司法領(lǐng)域都會(huì)引起科學(xué)家和法學(xué)家的反思、抑制和監(jiān)督,本章主要對(duì)這幾種新型鑒定結(jié)論從法律規(guī)范的視角來研究其在訴訟中的適用問題。
[Abstract]:The research and application of the evidence of the identification conclusion is an important issue of increasing concern in the theoretical and practical departments in recent years. This text puts forward the problems, analyses the problems and solve the problems, starting from the present situation of the application of the evidence of the appraisal conclusion of our country and drawing on the experience of the foreign countries, and proves the essential features of the evidence of the appraisal conclusion, the evidence ability and the proof. A systematic analysis and discussion of the existing problems in the legislation and practice are carried out in a systematic analysis. The full text is composed of nine chapters and three conclusions of the conclusion, about 30 thousand words.
In the introduction, this article first confuses the research background, the research significance and the research method. The identification conclusion plays an increasingly important role in the litigation activities as scientific evidence. However, in this context, the evidence rules for the identification of the conclusions appear in the legislation, and the new "king of evidence" is the judiciary in the judicial practice. People blindly accept letters. Therefore, the study of the problems and Countermeasures applicable to expert conclusion has the significance of legislative admonition, judicial guidance and enriching theoretical research.
Chapter one: "interpretation of judicial expertise". This chapter reconstructs the appellation and concept of judicial identification on the basis of systematically reviewing and combing the various views on the appellation and meaning of judicial expertise. It points out that the legal system norms are different from the identification of the legal activities in different legal activities, because they are restricted by the constraints of the law. To apply the "identification" to the litigation activities, the appraisal has the nature of "judicature" and becomes the judicial identification. The judicial identification is restricted by the strict restriction of the rules of litigation and the limitation of the value of the efficiency of the litigation. The combination of the purpose of justice and the scientific means has become the essential feature of the forensic appraisal.
The second chapter: "a brief analysis of the application of identification conclusions". On the basis of a broad definition of the application of identification conclusions, this chapter first clarifies the connotation, characteristics and functions of the identification conclusion, and investigates the historical track of the application of the appraisal conclusion from a comparative perspective, which is the cornerstone of the application of the appraisal conclusion. On this basis, the analysis is analyzed. The static evidence attributes of visitor outlook, relevance and legality, and the dynamic process of the application of identification conclusions are determined, and the application of identification conclusions, including the collection of identification data, the formation of identification conclusions and the review and evaluation of the identification conclusions, is determined in three stages.
The third chapter: "the evidence ability and the proof ability of the identification conclusion". The evidence ability and proof ability of the appraisal conclusion is the core problem of the application of the identification conclusion. On the basis of clearly identifying the evidence ability and the connotation of the proof of the identification conclusion, this chapter inspects the evidence ability of the identification conclusion and the standard of proof force in the two legal systems, and analyses the identification of our country. Conclusion the legislative status and existing problems of the evidence ability and the standard of proof, and the necessity to standardize the identification of the evidence ability. Finally, it puts forward the conception of the ability to identify the evidence with the necessity of identification, the relevance, the scientific reliability, the main qualification, the justification of the identification process and the identification of the sources of the data. As well as the conclusion of expert conclusions, the probative force of precedence, the prohibition of effectiveness grades of expert conclusions, and the openness of public evidence, etc.
The fourth chapter: "the problems and Countermeasures of the scientific evaluation criteria of identification conclusions". On the basis of the interpretation of the connotation and differences of science and technology and identification science, this chapter demonstrates the necessity of distinguishing the evidence science and non science from the identification and identification of the conclusion, and combs the general distinction standard of science and non science in the philosophy of science and extraterritorial. The standard criterion for the scientific judgment of the identification conclusion, based on the current status of the scientific judgement standard of our country's identification conclusions and the existing problems, has established the argument that "maximizing the use of modern scientific and technological achievements and preventing the non scientific identification evidence to enter the trial procedure at the same time". According to the value selection of the standard of scientific evaluation, this paper puts forward the perfect countermeasures for the scientific judgment standard of the appraisal conclusion of our country, and uses the expert assistant system and the judge to identify the scientific knowledge training system as the guarantee of the scientific evaluation standard of the appraisal conclusion.
The fifth chapter: "the problems and Countermeasures of identification data collection". This chapter first analyzes the impact of identification data on the reliability of identification conclusions and the necessity of the research by analyzing several typical cases. What measures should be taken to improve it, especially the collection of human material identification data?
The sixth chapter: "the problems and Countermeasures of the qualification of the identification subject". This chapter first explains the connotation and extension of the identification subject, and clearly defines the identification subject as a natural person, and then examines the qualifications of the authenticator under different litigation systems, and analyzes the status and problems of the qualification certification system in China. It puts forward the system assumption of "professional qualification, professional qualification and legal qualification" as the qualification of appraisers, and at the same time, should dynamically control the qualification of appraisers.
The seventh chapter: "the problems and Countermeasures of the identification procedure". After defining the connotation and extension of the identification procedure, this chapter launches the discussion on the identification starting procedure, the identification of the implementation procedure, the authentication procedure and the multiple identification and repeated identification. At the same time, this paper analyzes the problems existing in each procedure of our country, and puts forward the countermeasures to solve it. In the identification starting mode, it puts forward the starting mode of "combining the power doctrine with the litigant", and advocates that the identification process should be open, strengthen the participation of the two sides of the accusation and the defense, and establish the system of testimony of the appraiser in court, which is common in practice. The concept of repeated identification was put forward.
The eighth chapter: "a brief discussion on the system of evidence rules for the application of identification conclusions". This chapter is a summary of the previous chapters. The purpose of the study is to design the evidence rules for the application of the identification conclusions. On the basis of the analysis of the problems existing in the application of the identification conclusions and the improvement of the countermeasures, the application of the identification conclusions is applicable to the identification conclusions. The evidence rule system is summarized and summarized, including the evidence rules of the application of the identification conclusions, the identification of the rules of the starting procedure, the identification of the rules of the implementation procedures, the identification of the rules of the qualitative evidence, the standard rules for the scientific evaluation of the conclusion, the ability to identify the evidence and the rules of the proof.
The ninth chapter: "the problems and Countermeasures for the application of several new identification conclusions". This chapter mainly studies several new identification conclusions, including the application of DNA identification conclusions, the application of psychological testing and identification conclusions and the application of the conclusion of sound pattern identification. Jurists' reflection, inhibition and supervision, this chapter mainly studies the application of these new expert conclusions from the perspective of legal norms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊書懷;法務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)鑒定采信機(jī)制研究[D];江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 張葉青;基于《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的醫(yī)療損害鑒定制度研究[D];南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2011年

2 黃玉潔;論刑事鑒定結(jié)論生成程序[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

3 趙峰;刑事司法鑒定啟動(dòng)程序研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1933786