本文選題：薩瑟蘭 + 不同交往理論�。� 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：薩瑟蘭的“不同交往理論”在美國(guó)犯罪學(xué)史上具有很高的地位。這個(gè)理論首次完全從社會(huì)學(xué)的角度闡明犯罪原因,并試圖通過一個(gè)核心概念來解釋所有犯罪,因此得到了廣泛的關(guān)注。不同交往理論包括兩個(gè)部分:微觀部分關(guān)注的是個(gè)體為何犯罪的問題;宏觀部分關(guān)注的是“不同社會(huì)組織”在犯罪中的作用�？傮w上,這個(gè)理論意欲表達(dá)是:由于社會(huì)解組(失范)出現(xiàn)了不同社會(huì)組織,形成不同的行為規(guī)范,遵循非主流規(guī)范行為的人,在接觸與交往過程中學(xué)會(huì)了違法乃至犯罪,并且之后更傾向于接受贊同違法和犯罪行為。所有的犯罪本質(zhì)上都基于這樣的過程而產(chǎn)生的。但是,這個(gè)理論的微觀部分的證明存在缺陷,它本質(zhì)上是不可證偽的;經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究觀察到的是這個(gè)過程的結(jié)果而非原因本身;這個(gè)理論的微觀部分也不能提供給我們多少政策上的建議。這個(gè)理論的宏觀部分給我們的啟示是:考慮如何從社會(huì)各方面找到導(dǎo)致社會(huì)“失范”的具體因素,從細(xì)微處入手,著眼于情境預(yù)防,通過各種社會(huì)政策性安排,解決與導(dǎo)致犯罪有關(guān)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)問題,以達(dá)到整體上控制犯罪的目的。由于控制犯罪的各種社會(huì)措施必然涉及其他社會(huì)問題,我們采取的措施必須考慮可接受的社會(huì)成本,并且在其中取得某種平衡。最后,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)控制犯罪的目的,我們也許并不需要急于追求一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的,能解釋一切犯罪的宏大理論。
[Abstract]:Sutherland's Theory of different Communication has a high position in the history of American criminology. This theory, for the first time, clarifies the causes of crime from the angle of sociology, and attempts to explain all crimes by a core concept, so it has been paid more and more attention. Different communication theories include two parts: the microscopic part focuses on the question of why the individual commits a crime, and the macro part focuses on the role of "different social organizations" in the crime. In general, this theory is expressed as: because of the emergence of different social organizations, the formation of different norms of conduct, and the following of non-mainstream normative behaviors, people who have learned to violate the law and even commit crimes in the process of contact and communication. And then more inclined to accept the favor of illegal and criminal behavior. All crimes are essentially based on such a process. However, the proof of the microscopic part of this theory is flawed, it is essentially indisputable, the empirical study observes the result of the process rather than the cause itself. The micro-section of this theory does not offer us much policy advice. What the macroscopic part of this theory gives us is to consider how to find out the specific factors that lead to social "anomie" from all aspects of society, starting with nuances, focusing on situational prevention, and through various social policy arrangements. Solve the problem of social structure related to crime, so as to control the crime as a whole. Since social measures to control crime necessarily involve other social problems, the measures we take must take into account acceptable social costs and strike a certain balance among them. Finally, in order to control crime, we may not need to rush for a unified grand theory that explains all crime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 常淑敏;青少年暴力犯罪：危險(xiǎn)因素與發(fā)展資源的作用機(jī)制[D];山東師范大學(xué);2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 田豐;默頓社會(huì)失范理論研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2010年

2 王莉莉;論異常心理向犯罪心理轉(zhuǎn)化的控制[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

3 黃文;青少年犯罪預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系研究[D];天津理工大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1905998