本文選題：犯罪心理 + 犯罪決策��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2003年碩士論文

【摘要】： 犯罪是文明社會(huì)的公敵，是對社會(huì)秩序最嚴(yán)重的蔑視和破壞。正如中國政法大學(xué)犯罪學(xué)教授魏平雄所說：“我們正在目睹建國以來的第五次犯罪高峰”。所以加強(qiáng)不同于刑法學(xué)的犯罪心理學(xué)的研究，有著極其重要的意義。一方面可以豐富心理學(xué)的理論體系，另一方面可以給預(yù)防犯罪、打擊犯罪和改造罪犯提供現(xiàn)實(shí)的幫助。 犯罪決策作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的心理過程，它產(chǎn)生于犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)之后和犯罪行為實(shí)施之前。它包括犯罪與守法的動(dòng)機(jī)取舍、犯罪目標(biāo)的確立和犯罪手段的選擇等。毫無疑問，犯罪決策是犯罪心理學(xué)里的一個(gè)重要課題。 本研究在綜述國內(nèi)外犯罪心理學(xué)的研究狀況、尤其是犯罪決策的主要研究成果基礎(chǔ)上，提出了“理性犯罪決策”的理論假設(shè)。該假設(shè)認(rèn)為，對絕大多數(shù)罪犯來說，犯罪決策過程是一個(gè)深思熟慮的過程。犯罪決策的做出應(yīng)是“躊躇——選擇”的主動(dòng)操作性的動(dòng)機(jī)行為，，而不是“刺激——反應(yīng)”的被動(dòng)反應(yīng)性的動(dòng)機(jī)行為。然后，從理論假設(shè)出發(fā)，結(jié)合對犯人的訪談，編制了“犯罪決策問卷”，后經(jīng)專家評審和試測，最終形成正式量表。該量表的a系數(shù)和分半信度系數(shù)分別達(dá)到0.8774和0.8286。最后，以此為工具對450名罪犯進(jìn)行了測量，并對測量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行因素分析和聚類分析。結(jié)果表明：（1）影響罪犯做出犯罪決策的因素有四大類，即不良心理因素、犯罪決策的心理評價(jià)因素、外部控制因素以及犯罪決策的非理性因素；（2）從道德水平、接受法制教育程度兩個(gè)角度來考察，不同群體在得分上無顯著差異。而在性別、戶口所在地兩方面，不同群體的測量得分存在顯著差異。 本研究的最后對艾森克的“犯罪性理論”進(jìn)行了實(shí)證性驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果顯示，我們的研究結(jié)果并不支持該理論。這表明艾森克的“犯罪性理論”確實(shí)需要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證或者說當(dāng)前我國犯罪群體身上并不存在有別于常人的犯罪人格。 依據(jù)本研究結(jié)果，我們建議：（1）要及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)、轉(zhuǎn)變潛在犯罪人已經(jīng)形成的不良心理因素使其得以有效的釋放而不致于外化為犯罪行為。（2）要加強(qiáng)教育，健全法制，嚴(yán)格管理、執(zhí)法，最大可能地打破潛在犯罪人的僥幸心理、鋌而走險(xiǎn)心理。使其清醒地認(rèn)識到法網(wǎng)恢恢、疏而不漏；（3）完善社會(huì)控制體系，堵塞漏洞，不給犯罪分子以可乘之機(jī)。
[Abstract]:Crime is the public enemy of civilized society and the most serious contempt and destruction of social order. As Wei Pingxiong, a professor of criminology at China University of political Science and Law, said: "We are witnessing the fifth crime peak since the founding of the people's Republic of China." Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of criminal psychology, which is different from criminal law. On the one hand, it can enrich the theoretical system of psychology, on the other hand, it can provide practical help to prevent crime, combat crime and reform criminals. As an independent psychological process, criminal decision-making arises after the motive of crime and before the implementation of criminal behavior. It includes the choice of motive between crime and law-abiding, the establishment of criminal target and the choice of criminal means. There is no doubt that criminal decision-making is an important subject in criminal psychology. On the basis of summarizing the research situation of criminal psychology at home and abroad, especially on the basis of the main research results of crime decision making, this study puts forward the theoretical hypothesis of "rational crime decision making". The assumption is that for the vast majority of criminals, the crime decision-making process is a deliberate process. The decision-making of crime should be the active motive behavior of "hesitancy-choice", but not the passive motivation behavior of "stimulation-reaction". Then, based on the theoretical hypothesis and the interview with the prisoners, a crime decision questionnaire was compiled, which was evaluated and tested by experts and finally formed a formal scale. The a coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient of the scale were 0.8774 and 0.8286 respectively. Finally, 450 criminals were measured with this tool, and the measured data were analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The result shows that there are four kinds of factors influencing criminals' criminal decision, that is, bad psychological factors, psychological evaluation factors of criminal decision making, external control factors and irrational factors of criminal decision making. There is no significant difference in scores between different groups. However, there were significant differences in measurement scores between different groups in terms of gender and residence location. At the end of this study, Eysenck's theory of crime is verified empirically. The results show that our results do not support the theory. This shows that Eysenck's "crime theory" really needs to be further verified, or that there is no criminal personality different from ordinary people in the current criminal groups in our country. According to the results of this study, we suggest that we should find out in time that it is necessary to change the bad psychological factors already formed by potential criminals so that they can be effectively released without turning them into criminal acts.) We should strengthen education, perfect the legal system, strictly manage and enforce the law. As far as possible to break the potential criminals of luck, desperate psychology. Make it realize clearly that the law is convalescent, sparse but not leaky. (3) perfect the social control system, plug the loopholes, and do not give criminals the opportunity to take advantage of it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 劉桂鳳;社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期女性犯罪及其預(yù)防對策研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

2 吳燕武;刑罰根據(jù)及其基于心理學(xué)理論的探討[D];中國政法大學(xué);2007年

3 尚子翔;城市治安違法行為的社會(huì)學(xué)分析[D];西北大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1865900