本文選題：酷刑 + 犯罪��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2001年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著人權(quán)觀念特別是國(guó)際人權(quán)保護(hù)工作的加強(qiáng)，酷刑日益受到國(guó)際社會(huì)的強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)和各國(guó)法律的普遍禁止。我國(guó)黨和政府歷來(lái)反對(duì)酷刑。1988年我國(guó)加入禁止酷刑公約后，反酷刑的理論研究和國(guó)際合作不斷加強(qiáng)。本文力求理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，旨在圍繞酷刑的歷史沿革、立法概況、犯罪特征、治理對(duì)策等問(wèn)題，對(duì)酷刑犯罪作初步探討研究。 正文共分五章。第一章：“古代酷刑的歷史演變”；第二章：“現(xiàn)代反酷刑立法概述”；第三章：“酷刑犯罪的概念與構(gòu)成要件”；第四章：“我國(guó)酷刑犯罪的特點(diǎn)、危害與成因”；第五章：“懲治和防范酷刑犯罪的法律思考”。 第一章介紹酷刑的概念與一般理解，系統(tǒng)概述古代中外酷刑的表現(xiàn)形式、歷史發(fā)展和演變過(guò)程，比較中國(guó)和西方主要資本主義國(guó)家廢止酷刑的簡(jiǎn)要?dú)v程，揭示酷刑犯罪存在的社會(huì)、歷史和文化背景。 第二章詳細(xì)介紹和評(píng)述國(guó)際公約、國(guó)外國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于酷刑犯罪的立法狀況，比較現(xiàn)代反酷刑立法的特點(diǎn)和犯罪構(gòu)成。 第三章詳述酷刑犯罪的概念、構(gòu)成要件及基本類(lèi)型。筆者認(rèn)為，酷刑犯罪是國(guó)家工作人員或依法行使國(guó)家工作人員職權(quán)的其他人，利用職權(quán)，使用暴力摧殘或精神折磨的方法，故意使犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、被害人、證人、被監(jiān)禁者或其他人遭受肉體上或精神上劇烈疼痛或痛苦，依法應(yīng)受刑罰處罰的行為�？嵝谭缸锏闹黧w是特殊主體；客體是復(fù)雜客體，既侵犯了國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員行使職權(quán)的正當(dāng)性，也侵犯了受害人的人身權(quán)利；主觀方面是故意，即酷刑行為是行為人蓄意實(shí)施的，過(guò)失不構(gòu)成酷刑犯罪；行為特征是使用暴力摧殘或精神折磨的方法，使受害人遭受肉體上或精神上劇烈疼痛或痛苦的行為。 第四章具體論述我國(guó)酷刑犯罪的主要特點(diǎn)、社會(huì)危害與犯罪成因，分析探討我國(guó)酷刑犯罪的基本現(xiàn)狀，為提出防治對(duì)策提供現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 WP=3第五章從懲治與防范兩個(gè)方面提出治理酷刑犯罪的幾點(diǎn)建議：1、修改完善懲治防范酷刑犯罪的立法規(guī)定；2、改進(jìn)懲治和防范酷刑犯罪的執(zhí)法機(jī)制；3、增強(qiáng)民主法治意識(shí)，完善反酷刑保障制度。 酷刑犯罪是國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際刑法規(guī)定的重要內(nèi)容，，也是理論研究和司法實(shí)踐的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，具有豐富而復(fù)雜的內(nèi)涵，研究難度很大。筆者才學(xué)淺疏，加上占有資料不足，對(duì)酷刑犯罪的研究難免膚淺，并存在錯(cuò)誤之處，懇請(qǐng)師長(zhǎng)和同仁批評(píng)指正。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of the concept of human rights, especially the international protection of human rights, torture is increasingly condemned by the international community and universally prohibited by national laws. Our party and government have always opposed torture. After China joined the Convention against torture in 1988, the theoretical research and international cooperation against torture have been strengthened. The purpose of this paper is to make a preliminary study on the crime of torture, focusing on the historical evolution of torture, the general situation of legislation, the characteristics of crime, the countermeasures of governance, and so on. The text is divided into five chapters. Chapter one: "Historical Evolution of Ancient torture"; Chapter two: "Overview of Modern Anti-torture legislation"; Chapter three: "Concepts and Constitutive elements of the Crime of torture"; Chapter four: "characteristics, harm and causes of torture crimes in China"; Chapter five: legal thinking on punishing and preventing the Crime of torture. The first chapter introduces the concept and general understanding of torture, systematically summarizes the manifestations, historical development and evolution of torture in ancient China and foreign countries, and compares the brief course of abolishing torture between China and the major capitalist countries in the West. To reveal the social, historical and cultural background of the existence of the crime of torture. The second chapter introduces and comments on the international conventions, the legislative situation of the crime of torture at home and abroad, the characteristics of the modern anti-torture legislation and the constitution of the crime. The third chapter describes the concept of the crime of torture, elements and basic types. The author believes that the crime of torture is a crime of torture, which is used by state functionaries or other persons who exercise the functions and powers of state functionaries according to law, to make use of their functions and powers, to use the method of violent destruction or mental torture, to deliberately make the suspects, defendants, victims, witnesses, An act punishable by law by a prisoner or other person who suffers severe physical or mental pain or suffering. The subject of the crime of torture is a special subject, the object is a complex object, which not only infringes on the legitimacy of the exercise of functions and powers of state organs and their staff, but also infringes on the personal rights of the victims. That is, the act of torture is deliberately committed by the perpetrator, and negligence does not constitute a crime of torture; it is characterized by the use of methods of violence or mental torture to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering on the victim. The fourth chapter discusses the main characteristics of the crime of torture in China, social harm and the causes of the crime, analyzes the basic situation of the crime of torture in China, and provides a practical basis for the prevention and treatment of the crime. The fifth chapter of WP=3 puts forward several suggestions on how to control the crime of torture from the aspects of punishment and prevention, to amend and perfect the legislative provisions of preventing the crime of torture, to improve the law enforcement mechanism of punishing and preventing the crime of torture, and to strengthen the consciousness of democracy and rule by law. We will improve the system of safeguarding against torture. The crime of torture is an important content of domestic and international criminal law, and also a hot and difficult problem in theoretical research and judicial practice. It has rich and complex connotation and is very difficult to study. Due to the lack of knowledge and lack of information, the research on the crime of torture is inevitably superficial, and there are some mistakes, so I ask my teachers and colleagues to criticize and correct it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬憲憲;遏制酷刑的國(guó)際共識(shí)與中國(guó)構(gòu)想[D];上海交通大學(xué);2007年

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