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上海市未成年人犯罪的現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-05 18:48

  本文選題:未成年人犯罪 切入點(diǎn):現(xiàn)狀 出處:《華東政法學(xué)院》2005年碩士論文


【摘要】: 眾所周知,未成年人犯罪問(wèn)題在全球范圍內(nèi)已是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。從上世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),上海這一大都市的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育等方面都發(fā)生了歷史性的變化,這自然也會(huì)影響到社會(huì)化過(guò)程中的未成年人,并導(dǎo)致未成年人犯罪的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。正如美國(guó)學(xué)者路易絲·謝利所講的:“社會(huì)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程可以促使犯罪的性質(zhì)和數(shù)量發(fā)生變化,也可以引起犯罪人口的特點(diǎn)發(fā)生變化! 上海作為我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展前沿的特大型城市,由于其社會(huì)環(huán)境與內(nèi)地許多地方有較大的差別,因而,上海市未成年人的違法犯罪現(xiàn)象與內(nèi)地有所不同,具有比較鮮明的地域和時(shí)代特征。如果能從全局、戰(zhàn)略上來(lái)分析研究這段時(shí)期上海市未成年人犯罪的發(fā)展變化情況,無(wú)疑將有利于我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)和了解當(dāng)前本市未成年人犯罪的現(xiàn)象、特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì),有助于政府部門(mén)特別是政法機(jī)關(guān)有針對(duì)性地采取措施,預(yù)防和懲治未成年人的違法犯罪行為,抑制未成年人違法犯罪的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭。 這其中需要引起我們重視的是,上海目前已進(jìn)入到了人均GDP從4000美元到8000美元的全面加速發(fā)展的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期。由于現(xiàn)代化的沖擊,各種社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定因素的增加,,以往意義上的社會(huì)控制機(jī)制已經(jīng)弱化,造成了大量社會(huì)問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生,其中就包括未成年人犯罪的快速增長(zhǎng)。 而預(yù)防未成年人犯罪必定是一項(xiàng)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)工程,需要全社會(huì)長(zhǎng)期的共同努力。面對(duì)上海市未成年人犯罪的新形勢(shì),我們不得不思考這樣一個(gè)課題,即如何根據(jù)未成年人的身心特點(diǎn)和社會(huì)化過(guò)程,以家庭為基礎(chǔ)、學(xué)校和社區(qū)為著力點(diǎn),全社會(huì)共同關(guān)心、積極參與、齊抓共管,構(gòu)筑從源頭上遏制未成年人犯罪的長(zhǎng)效工作機(jī)制。在未成年人犯罪預(yù)防和控制方面,多年以來(lái),上海曾經(jīng)做了大量的工作,取得了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn),受到了國(guó)內(nèi)外的普遍重視和贊譽(yù)。然而,應(yīng)當(dāng)看到,我們的許多做法是與當(dāng)時(shí)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)背景基本適應(yīng)的。隨著上海社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展和進(jìn)步,建立與時(shí)代發(fā)展相適應(yīng)的未成年人犯罪預(yù)防和控制體系,無(wú)疑具有非常重要的理論意義和社會(huì)價(jià)值。 有鑒于此,筆者通過(guò)調(diào)查研究、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等方式,吸收借鑒了前人在心理學(xué)、犯罪學(xué)等方面的研究成果,在理性思考和科學(xué)論證的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了預(yù)防和控制未成年人犯罪的對(duì)策措施,即:在加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)對(duì)本市未成年人犯罪預(yù)防和控制工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、協(xié)調(diào)和保障的同時(shí),構(gòu)建符合時(shí)代需要的本市未成年人犯罪預(yù)防和控制體系,以提高本市在開(kāi)展這項(xiàng)工作中的主動(dòng)性、針對(duì)性和時(shí)效性。
[Abstract]:As we all know, juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem in the world.Since the 1990s, the political, economic, cultural, educational and other aspects of Shanghai, a metropolis, have undergone historic changes. Naturally, this will also affect minors in the process of socialization.And lead to the dynamic changes of juvenile delinquency.As the American scholar Louise Shelley put it: "the process of social development can change the nature and quantity of crime and the characteristics of the criminal population."Shanghai, as a large city in the forefront of China's reform, opening up and economic development, has a different social environment from many other places in the mainland, so the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency in Shanghai is different from that in the mainland.With a relatively distinct region and the characteristics of the times.If we can analyze and study the development and changes of juvenile delinquency in Shanghai during this period from the overall and strategic perspective, it will undoubtedly be helpful for us to correctly understand and understand the phenomena, characteristics and trends of juvenile delinquency in this city.It is helpful for government departments, especially the political and legal organs, to take targeted measures to prevent and punish juvenile delinquency, and to restrain the development momentum of juvenile delinquency.What we should pay attention to is that Shanghai has entered a social transformation period of accelerating development from US $4000 to US $8000 per capita.Due to the impact of modernization and the increase of various social instability factors, the social control mechanism in the past has been weakened, resulting in a large number of social problems, including the rapid growth of juvenile delinquency.The prevention of juvenile delinquency must be a social system project, which needs the joint efforts of the whole society for a long time.In the face of the new situation of juvenile delinquency in Shanghai, we have to think about such a subject: how to take the family as the foundation, the school and the community as the focus, and how to take care of the whole society according to the minors' physical and mental characteristics and the process of socialization.Actively participate, work together to build a long-term working mechanism to curb juvenile delinquency from the source.In the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency, Shanghai has done a lot of work over the years, gained valuable experience, and received universal attention and praise at home and abroad.However, it should be noted that many of our practices were basically adapted to the background of the planned economy at that time.With the continuous development and progress of the society in Shanghai, it is undoubtedly of great theoretical significance and social value to establish a system of juvenile delinquency prevention and control adapted to the development of the times.In view of this, the author, by means of investigation and research, statistical analysis and so on, absorbs and draws lessons from the previous research achievements in psychology, criminology, and so on, on the basis of rational thinking and scientific argumentation.The countermeasures to prevent and control juvenile delinquency are put forward, that is, while strengthening and improving the leadership, coordination and protection of the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency in this city,In order to improve the initiative, pertinence and timeliness of juvenile delinquency prevention and control system in accordance with the needs of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2005
【分類號(hào)】:D917

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