本文選題：城市弱勢群體　切入點：犯罪被害　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： “城市弱勢群體”是指生活在城市中,在經(jīng)濟上和政治上處于相對弱勢的人群。城市弱勢群體的弱勢地位使得其犯罪被害問題顯得比較突出,直接影響到了社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定,因此研究此問題既有理論意義,也有實踐意義。 就理論意義而言,西方學(xué)者對犯罪被害所做的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示弱勢群體更易遭受犯罪侵害①,那么在我國是否同樣存在這一問題呢?為了檢驗這一理論觀點,我們進行了實證調(diào)查。調(diào)查和分析的結(jié)果印證了其正確性。 就實踐意義而言,以往犯罪學(xué)研究對“犯罪——被害”的分析往往注重犯罪微觀的、具體的過程,對“犯罪——被害”的宏觀社會背景分析不足,為此在收集數(shù)據(jù),描述現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上對城市弱勢群體犯罪被害的原因進行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)城市弱勢群體遭受犯罪侵害的原因既有社會因素,也有個體因素。社會因素(國家、社會支持系統(tǒng)、強勢群體三類主體)包括國家權(quán)力運行重心失衡、社會支持系統(tǒng)不健全、強勢群體競爭限制等三個層面的內(nèi)容。個體因素主要在于城市弱勢群體在權(quán)利意識、防范意識和職業(yè)素質(zhì)方面的不足。 針對城市弱勢群體遭受犯罪侵害的原因,相應(yīng)地使之免遭犯罪侵害的對策應(yīng)當從社會和個體兩個方面做出努力。在社會因素方面,主要是調(diào)整國家權(quán)力運作重心、重新平衡公正與效率之間的關(guān)系、努力落實各項社會福利政策、重視社區(qū)對預(yù)防被害的積極作用;社會支持體統(tǒng)要更多地關(guān)注城市弱勢群體,在就業(yè)渠道上給予幫助;強勢群體應(yīng)當采用溫和的競爭手段、尊重弱勢群體。個人因素方面,既要加強權(quán)利意識和防范意識;又要努力提高自身的職業(yè)素質(zhì),從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)易于被害的局面。 總之,希望能夠通過國家權(quán)力、社會支持系統(tǒng)、強勢群體、城市弱勢群體個人四方面的綜合治理,最終達到減少城市弱勢群體遭受犯罪侵害的目的。
[Abstract]:The "urban vulnerable group" refers to the relatively weak group living in the city, economically and politically.The vulnerable position of the vulnerable groups in cities makes the problem of crime and victimization more prominent, which directly affects the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, the study of this problem has both theoretical and practical significance.From the theoretical point of view, the survey results of western scholars on the crime victims show that the vulnerable groups are more vulnerable to crime, so is there the same problem in our country?In order to test this theoretical point of view, we conducted an empirical investigation.The results of investigation and analysis confirm its correctness.In terms of practical significance, the analysis of "crime-victimization" in the past criminology research often pays attention to the microscopic and concrete process of crime, and the macro-social background analysis of "crime-victimization" is insufficient, so it is collecting data.Based on the description of the phenomenon, this paper analyzes the causes of the crime and victimization of the urban vulnerable groups, and finds that there are both social and individual factors for the crime of the urban vulnerable groups.Social factors (the state, the social support system and the strong group) include three aspects: the imbalance of the center of gravity of the state power operation, the unsound social support system, and the competitive restriction of the strong group.The individual factor mainly lies in the deficiency of the right consciousness, guard consciousness and professional quality of the vulnerable groups in the city.In view of the causes of the crime against the vulnerable groups in cities, the corresponding countermeasures should be made from the social and individual aspects.In terms of social factors, it is mainly to adjust the focus of the operation of state power, rebalance the relationship between justice and efficiency, strive to implement various social welfare policies, and attach importance to the positive role of the community in the prevention of victimization.The social support system should pay more attention to the urban vulnerable groups and give help in employment channels; the strong groups should adopt moderate competitive means and respect the vulnerable groups.In terms of personal factors, we should not only strengthen the consciousness of right and prevention, but also strive to improve our own professional quality so as to fundamentally reverse the situation that is easy to be killed.In a word, it is hoped that through the comprehensive management of the state power, the social support system, the strong group and the individual of the urban vulnerable group, the purpose of reducing the crime against the urban vulnerable group will be achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D917

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本文編號：1702046