反洗錢國(guó)際合作與中國(guó)反洗錢問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-03-31 03:27
本文選題:洗錢 切入點(diǎn):國(guó)際合作 出處:《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文
【摘要】: 洗錢的嚴(yán)重危害使得反洗錢行動(dòng)非常必要。洗錢的跨國(guó)性要求反洗錢必須進(jìn)行國(guó)際合作。中國(guó)也面臨著的洗錢的嚴(yán)重威脅,也需要在反洗錢方面加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作。本文旨在闡明各種反洗錢國(guó)際合作框架,研究各種合作機(jī)制的方式、運(yùn)作、特點(diǎn)及影響,并結(jié)合中國(guó)的反洗錢實(shí)踐,說(shuō)明其對(duì)中國(guó)改進(jìn)反洗錢工作的借鑒意義。 反洗錢國(guó)際合作機(jī)制是本文論述的重點(diǎn)。本文大體按照各種機(jī)制的作用或影響大小安排順序,基本上是先全球、后區(qū)域,先“專職”、后“兼職”。首先是當(dāng)今世界最大和最具影響力的全球性國(guó)際組織聯(lián)合國(guó),其次是專門的反洗錢組織金融行動(dòng)特別工作組(FATF)和FATF式區(qū)域性組織,再次是歐洲理事會(huì)、歐盟、美洲國(guó)家組織等區(qū)域性國(guó)際組織,最后是與反洗錢有關(guān)的職能性國(guó)際組織。當(dāng)然,這僅憑作者個(gè)人的判斷,未必科學(xué)和準(zhǔn)確。順序確定后,本文力圖針對(duì)每種機(jī)制各自的特點(diǎn),各有側(cè)重地進(jìn)行介紹,并省去彼此間重復(fù)的內(nèi)容。本文根據(jù)每種機(jī)制的不同特點(diǎn),采用不同的研究方法。例如聯(lián)合國(guó)主持下的反洗錢行動(dòng),聯(lián)合國(guó)內(nèi)部沒(méi)有專門的反洗錢機(jī)構(gòu),其本身也不是能夠直接對(duì)各國(guó)發(fā)號(hào)施令世界政府,而只是為國(guó)際反洗錢提供協(xié)商合作的場(chǎng)所,聯(lián)合國(guó)的反洗錢工作主要是:有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)組織起草有關(guān)反洗錢的國(guó)際公約,促進(jìn)公約的簽署和接受,為公約提供秘書處服務(wù),擔(dān)任公約的保存機(jī)構(gòu)等;國(guó)家在反洗錢合作方面的權(quán)利、義務(wù)以及實(shí)施方式,完全由公約本身來(lái)規(guī)定,公約以其法律拘束力保證反洗錢合作的有效性。故本文在闡述時(shí)主要從公約的內(nèi)容著手,并注意其各自的特點(diǎn)、生效和參加情況以及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。相比之下,F(xiàn)ATF是一個(gè)專門性反洗錢組織,具有反洗錢的特定職權(quán)和工作方式,其建議雖不具有強(qiáng)制約束力,卻具有不可忽視的影響力,故本文在闡述時(shí)著重于FATF在反洗錢方面所獲得的授權(quán)、工作方式以及保證建議得以實(shí)施,從而發(fā)生影響的手段,當(dāng)然也涉及其建議的內(nèi)容。此外,本文還根據(jù)各種機(jī)制對(duì)反洗錢合作的關(guān)注程度和作用大小,有詳有略地進(jìn)行介紹。鑒于國(guó)際反洗錢合作具有比較強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐性,而且處在不斷的發(fā)展之中,本文力求使用最新的可得資料,反映反洗錢國(guó)際合作實(shí)踐的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。作者對(duì)每一有關(guān)反洗錢的國(guó)際組織都盡可能登陸其網(wǎng)站,尋求最新的、第一手的相關(guān)資料,特別翻譯整理了FATF建議2003年版、美洲國(guó)家組織示范法規(guī)2002年版和歐盟2001年指令。 本文正文分為三部分: 第一章“反洗錢國(guó)際合作的必要性”,提出了反洗錢國(guó)際合作的問(wèn)題。首先界定了洗錢的含義,并歸納了洗錢的一般方法和特點(diǎn),指出洗錢具有跨國(guó)性的特點(diǎn)。隨后概括洗錢的主要危害,特別指出洗錢與跨國(guó)有組織犯罪、腐敗犯罪和國(guó)際恐怖主義具有密切的聯(lián)系,洗錢的巨大規(guī)模和跨國(guó)性致使其可能對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融秩序產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的沖擊。最后以前述洗錢的跨國(guó)性特點(diǎn)和巨大危害性為鋪墊,從洗錢的預(yù) WP=5 防、調(diào)查和懲治三個(gè)方面,說(shuō)明反洗錢必須加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作。 第二章“反洗錢國(guó)際合作機(jī)制”是本文的重心所在。本章分為四個(gè)大問(wèn)題。第一,,聯(lián)合國(guó)主持的反洗錢合作機(jī)制以及聯(lián)合國(guó)有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)的反洗錢工作。前者主要是公約機(jī)制,其中包括聯(lián)合國(guó)主持制定的分別關(guān)于禁止毒品非法販運(yùn)、打擊恐怖融資、打擊跨國(guó)有組織犯罪、反腐敗的國(guó)際合作的四個(gè)公約,基本上從公約的制定背景、生效和參加情況、有關(guān)反洗錢的規(guī)定以及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義等方面來(lái)闡述。關(guān)于后者,主要介紹聯(lián)合國(guó)毒品與犯罪問(wèn)題辦事處的組成、職權(quán)和有關(guān)反洗錢的工作。第二,專門性反洗錢組織FATF及FATF式反洗錢區(qū)域性組織。從FATF的建立、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和職責(zé)開始,進(jìn)而闡明FATF的工作方式,重點(diǎn)介紹FATF提出的反洗錢40條建議,特別歸納出2003年修訂增加的內(nèi)容,并簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)論FATF的上述工作所產(chǎn)生的影響和作用。對(duì)于FATF式區(qū)域反洗錢組織,重點(diǎn)介紹與中國(guó)關(guān)系比較密切的亞太地區(qū)反洗錢工作組,其他組織則總括說(shuō)明。第三,區(qū)域性國(guó)際組織的反洗錢行動(dòng)。包括歐洲理事會(huì)和歐盟制定和通過(guò)的反洗錢公約、指令和其他文書,重點(diǎn)是歐洲理事會(huì)反洗錢公約和歐盟反洗錢指令;美洲國(guó)家組織的反洗錢示范法規(guī),重點(diǎn)闡述其創(chuàng)新之處以及最近修訂的內(nèi)容。第四,職能性國(guó)際組織的反洗錢工作。其中比較詳細(xì)地介紹巴塞爾委員會(huì)、國(guó)際刑警組織和國(guó)際貨幣基金組織的反洗錢職能、權(quán)限、所發(fā)布的反洗錢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、有關(guān)決議等以及其他工作。對(duì)于其他有關(guān)反洗錢的職能性國(guó)際組織,則簡(jiǎn)要介紹。 第三章“中國(guó)的反洗錢問(wèn)題與國(guó)際合作”是本文與中國(guó)實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合的部分。首先概述了中國(guó)面臨的洗錢問(wèn)題和中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)反洗錢的現(xiàn)狀。其次介紹中國(guó)反洗錢國(guó)際合作的現(xiàn)狀,包括多邊合作和雙邊合作。最后針對(duì)中國(guó)反洗錢方面存在的問(wèn)題和不足,從借鑒反洗錢國(guó)際合作機(jī)制的角度,提出改進(jìn)建議。 經(jīng)過(guò)論述,本文得出如下結(jié)論:反洗錢國(guó)際合作機(jī)制,對(duì)于洗錢形勢(shì)比較嚴(yán)峻的中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),具有重要的利用價(jià)值和借鑒意義。中國(guó)目前在反洗錢法律法規(guī)的制定、反洗錢機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立和執(zhí)法活動(dòng)等方面都取得了一定的成績(jī),在反洗錢多邊和雙邊合作方面,特別是司法協(xié)助和遣返外逃腐敗分子方面,也取得了一定的進(jìn)展,但是還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。國(guó)內(nèi)反洗錢法律體系還不夠完善,反洗錢現(xiàn)象還
[Abstract]:The transnational nature of money laundering requires international cooperation against money - laundering . It also faces the serious threat of money - laundering and the need to strengthen international cooperation in anti - money - laundering . The purpose of this paper is to clarify the international cooperation framework of anti - money - laundering , to study the way , operation , characteristics and influence of various cooperation mechanisms , and to study the significance of China ' s anti - money - laundering practice to China ' s improvement of anti - money - laundering .
The international cooperation mechanism of anti - money - laundering is the focus of this paper . This article is mainly based on the function of various mechanisms or the order of influencing the size arrangement . It is the most influential global international organization in the world , followed by the specialized international organizations such as FATF and FATF .
In the light of the fact that FATF is a specialized anti - money - laundering organization and has the specific functions and working methods of anti - money - laundering , this paper tries to introduce the latest available information to reflect the latest developments in the practice of anti - money - laundering . In addition , this paper tries to use the latest available information to reflect the latest developments in the practice of anti - money - laundering .
The text is divided into three parts :
Chapter 1 : The Necessity of Anti - Money Laundering International Cooperation , raises the international cooperation of anti - money laundering . Firstly , it defines the meaning of money laundering , and sums up the general methods and characteristics of money - laundering . It points out that money - laundering has the transnational character . It is pointed out that money - laundering has close relation with transnational organized crime , corruption crime and international terrorism .
WP=5
The three dimensions of prevention , investigation and punishment indicate that anti - money - laundering must strengthen international cooperation .
Chapter II " Anti - Money Laundering International Cooperation Mechanism " is the focus of this article . This chapter is divided into four major issues . First , the anti - money laundering cooperation mechanism under the auspices of the United Nations and the anti - money laundering work of the relevant organs of the United Nations .
The Anti - Money Laundering Model Law of the Organization of American States , focusing on its innovations and recently revised content , focuses on the anti - money laundering work of the Basel Committee , INTERPOL and the International Monetary Fund , the relevant resolutions , etc . , as well as other work . For other functional international organizations dealing with anti - money - laundering , a brief introduction is made .
Chapter 3 " China ' s Anti - Money Laundering and International Cooperation " is part of the combination of China ' s actual situation . Firstly , it summarizes the current situation of China ' s anti - money - laundering problem and China ' s domestic anti - money - laundering . Secondly , it introduces the current situation of China ' s anti - money - laundering international cooperation , including multilateral cooperation and bilateral cooperation .
After the discussion , this article draws the conclusion that the anti - money laundering international cooperation mechanism has important utilization value and reference significance for China with relatively serious money - laundering situation . China has made certain progress in the formulation of anti - money - laundering laws and regulations , the establishment of anti - money - laundering institutions and law enforcement activities , but it is far from enough . The domestic anti - money - laundering legal system is not perfect , and the anti - money - laundering phenomenon also
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2004
【分類號(hào)】:D99;D917
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 凌曦;中國(guó)金融領(lǐng)域反洗錢制度分析[D];南京理工大學(xué);2006年
本文編號(hào):1688953
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