本文選題：公共管理　切入點：社會轉(zhuǎn)型　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 社會轉(zhuǎn)型是指社會運行機(jī)制從一種形式向另一種形式轉(zhuǎn)換的過程,即由傳統(tǒng)社會向現(xiàn)代社會的轉(zhuǎn)變。本文所指的社會轉(zhuǎn)型期是指從1978年改革開放以來,中國社會的加速轉(zhuǎn)型時期。社會轉(zhuǎn)型期往往是產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)快速轉(zhuǎn)型、利益格局劇烈變化、政治體制不斷應(yīng)對新挑戰(zhàn)的時期,同時也是社會矛盾加劇、經(jīng)濟(jì)容易失調(diào)、社會容易失序、道德容易失范的時期,必然會引發(fā)一系列社會問題。 十六屆四中全會以來,黨中央提出了要努力構(gòu)建民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的社會主義和諧社會。警察機(jī)關(guān)在新時期肩負(fù)著鞏固共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政地位、維護(hù)國家長治久安、保障人民安居樂業(yè)的重大政治和社會責(zé)任,在構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會中起著特殊重要的作用,經(jīng)受著前所未有的重大考驗和挑戰(zhàn)。一方面,轉(zhuǎn)型期帶來的社會矛盾導(dǎo)致維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定的難度加大;另一方面,警察機(jī)關(guān)在管理體制、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、警務(wù)機(jī)制等存在著嚴(yán)重的不適應(yīng)。在這種背景下,研究警察職能的問題,尋求解決問題的對策,具有重要的理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 馬克思主義的國家理論學(xué)說認(rèn)為,警察是同國家一起產(chǎn)生的,國家是階級統(tǒng)治的工具,警察是維護(hù)統(tǒng)治階級、維護(hù)國家政權(quán)的工具。警察的國家工具屬性決定了其必須具有兩個基本職能:一是警察的政治職能,即警察運用暴力、法制等強制力,控制被統(tǒng)治階級,鎮(zhèn)壓被統(tǒng)治階級及一切破壞現(xiàn)存的政治秩序、法律秩序、社會秩序的分子的破壞。二是警察的社會管理職能,即警察運用國家權(quán)力執(zhí)行對社會公共事務(wù)的管理和維護(hù),包括公共秩序管理職能和公共服務(wù)職能。 長期以來,我國警學(xué)界對警察職能的研究主要是從政治學(xué)的學(xué)科角度認(rèn)識警察,突出警察的階級性,絕大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為,警察的政治職能是主導(dǎo)職能,而警察的社會管理職能只是次要職能,在這種觀點影響下,基層警察工作中對警察二重職能的強調(diào)程度出現(xiàn)明顯不同,“重打擊,輕防范”、“重管理、輕服務(wù)”的觀念一直占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。本文選擇另一科學(xué)角度,即管理學(xué)角度,利用所學(xué)的公共管理學(xué)知識,探討社會轉(zhuǎn)型期在政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的背景下,作為國家行政機(jī)關(guān)重要組成部分的警察機(jī)關(guān)的職能定位。 論文共分四個部分。第一章緒論主要介紹選題的背景、意義及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀等。第二章介紹了警察的職能及其歷史演變。通過對比中外警察機(jī)關(guān)職能演變的歷史進(jìn)程,指出一個國家警察職能的重心是隨著這個國家社會的主要矛盾的變化而轉(zhuǎn)變,隨著國家職能的轉(zhuǎn)變而相應(yīng)調(diào)整。第三章從轉(zhuǎn)型期警察工作所處的環(huán)境,即警察工作的客體--社會治安環(huán)境,以及警察工作得以開展的主體--警察機(jī)關(guān)自身的管理體制、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、警務(wù)模式等兩個角度,分析了社會轉(zhuǎn)型對我國現(xiàn)階段警務(wù)工作帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。第四章是全文的重點,根據(jù)前文的分析,提出了構(gòu)建服務(wù)型警務(wù)應(yīng)對轉(zhuǎn)型期挑戰(zhàn)的觀點。界定了服務(wù)型警務(wù)的概念,強調(diào)服務(wù)理念,闡述了構(gòu)建服務(wù)型警務(wù)的意義,并明確了服務(wù)型警務(wù)的實現(xiàn)途徑、工作內(nèi)容和制度保障等。 服務(wù)型警務(wù)是相對于傳統(tǒng)的管制型警務(wù)而言的,構(gòu)建服務(wù)型警務(wù)不是說要否定警察政治鎮(zhèn)壓職能和公共秩序管理職能,而是說警察不再僅僅是階級專政的工具,也不僅僅是社會生活的“管理者”,而應(yīng)該是社會的“公仆”,應(yīng)強化公共服務(wù)職能,為社會、為人民群眾提供公共安全服務(wù)。在轉(zhuǎn)型期面對復(fù)雜、嚴(yán)峻的治安形勢,警察一方面要加大打擊犯罪、維護(hù)穩(wěn)定的投入,為經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)創(chuàng)造良好的社會治安環(huán)境;另一方面要根據(jù)社會、人民群眾的的需求,轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,不再以管人者自居,而應(yīng)以群眾安全感和滿意度為工作的出發(fā)點,開展警務(wù)改革,強化服務(wù)意識,提高服務(wù)的質(zhì)量和水平。 本文在寫作過程中,通過學(xué)習(xí)、借鑒別人研究成果,嘗試在以下兩個方面進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新:一是以新公共管理理論為支撐,從警察的公共性為研究的切入點,對服務(wù)型警務(wù)的概念進(jìn)行了界定,強調(diào)服務(wù)和公民導(dǎo)向、以人為本的理念;二是針對目前警察機(jī)關(guān)在組織結(jié)構(gòu)、運行機(jī)制、警務(wù)模式中存在的嚴(yán)重不適應(yīng),提出了改革對策,以期警察機(jī)關(guān)在提供公共安全服務(wù)時更加有效、公平。
[Abstract]:The social transformation refers to the transition from one form to another , that is , the transition from the traditional society to the modern society . The social transformation period referred to in this paper refers to the period of accelerating the transformation of the Chinese society since the reform and opening up in 1978 .


Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China , the Party Central Committee has put forward a socialist harmonious society to build democratic rule of law , fairness and justice , honesty and friendship , vitality , stability and order , and harmony with nature .


According to Marxist theory of national theory , the police are the tools of class rule , the state is the tool of class rule , the police are the tools to maintain the ruling class and safeguard the state power . The national tool attribute of the police determines that it must have two basic functions : one is the police ' s political function , that is , the police use the force of violence , the rule of law and so on . The second is the social management function of the police , that is , the police uses the state power to carry out the management and maintenance of the public affairs , including public order management function and public service function .


For a long time , the study of police function in the police field of our country is mainly from the subject angle of the political science to the police , outstanding the police ' s class , the majority of scholars believe that the police ' s political function is the leading function , and the police ' s social management function is only the secondary function . Under the influence of this view , the basic police work has the obvious difference to the emphasis degree of the two functions of the police . In this paper , we choose another scientific angle , namely , the management science angle , use the knowledge of the public management science , and probe into the function orientation of the police organ which is an important part of the state administrative organ in the context of the transformation of the government function .


The first chapter introduces the background , significance and current research situation of police . Chapter Three introduces the function of police function and its historical evolution . In chapter three , the author points out that the focus of the function of police is changing with the change of the function of the country . Chapter three points out that the function of police service is changed with the change of the function of the country . Chapter Three defines the concept of service - oriented policing , emphasizes the service idea , expounds the significance of constructing service - type police , and clarifies the realization way , working content and system guarantee of service - type police .


On the one hand , the police should strengthen public service function and provide public security service for the people . On the other hand , we should strengthen public service function and provide public security service for the people .


In the process of writing , by studying and using the research results of others , we try to innovate in two ways : First , based on the theory of new public management , the concept of service - oriented policing is defined , and the concept of service - oriented policing is defined , the service - oriented policing concept is emphasized , and the reform measures are put forward , with the hope that the police organ will be more effective and fair in the provision of public security services .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D631.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張江濤;陜西省社區(qū)民警勝任力模型研究[D];西安工程大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號：1688297