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  本文選題：筆跡鑒定　切入點：書寫習慣　出處：《西南政法大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的筆跡學理論揭示出人的書寫動作習慣具有特殊性、穩(wěn)定性和反映性,對書寫人的同一認定,是通過對個體書寫習慣“總和”的比較進行的。然而,實踐和研究表明,個體的書寫動作習慣可能存在多個類型,通過少量的鑒定字跡來識別個體的全部書寫習慣的“總和”缺乏邏輯依據,書寫人同一認定需要對具體書寫動作系統(tǒng)所反映出的書寫動作習慣類型加以判斷和區(qū)分。 書寫動作習慣的類型,是指書寫人練習不同的書體、字體等字跡書寫技能而形成的相對獨立的且有明顯不同的書寫動作習慣表現形式。漢字的書寫體系和書寫規(guī)則具有較大的寬容性和多樣性,書寫人出于審美喜好,往往練就特性差異較大的多種書寫技能,不同技能的書寫動作系統(tǒng)承載著不同的書寫動作習慣類型。一個人可以同時擁有多種不同類型的書寫動作習慣,且只要給予適當的“加固練習”以避免習慣的退化,不同類型的書寫動作習慣可以長時間持續(xù)共存,具有相對的穩(wěn)定性。 書寫動作習慣類型的多樣性可以分為相對獨立的書寫習慣類型多樣性和同一書寫習慣類型下書寫習慣局部方面的類型多樣性。不同書寫習慣類型的字跡之間是既存在差異又存在共性的關系:兩者在字跡的運筆、筆順、結構等筆跡特征方面可能存在較大差異,因而相互之間可比性可能較差;但相比于不同個體間的書寫習慣本質性差異,同一人的多種書寫習慣類型間又存在一定的共性,相互聯系。不同的書寫習慣類型之間的差異程度有所不同,相互間的可比性亦有所差別。 通過檢材字跡自身變化規(guī)律的尋找,或檢材字跡與樣本字跡的相互比較印證,可以判定筆跡特征差異點是否來自同一人書寫動作習慣類型的多樣性,并與偽裝、摹仿、反映性變化導致的特征差異相區(qū)別。應注意具體的習慣類型樣式所引起的筆跡特征差異在特征種類上有所側重,具體案件具體分析。其中,簽名字跡因字數少、書寫頻率高、樣式多變而成為書寫動作習慣類型多樣化程度最高的單字集合,因而對簽名筆跡特征差異點的評斷應特別注意判斷是否存在書寫動作習慣類型多樣性。 為了使書寫動作習慣類型的判斷和筆跡特征差異點的評斷有根有據,要求筆跡鑒定樣本字跡在“書寫時間、字跡結構樣式、書寫速度、書寫工具、書寫環(huán)境和姿勢”等方面與檢材字跡相同或近似。并且在鑒定的工程中應充分考慮到書寫習慣類型多樣性的可能,對多樣性的確認和排除依據做出充分的說明,才能科學合理、令人信服的得出鑒定意見。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of handwriting reveals that one's writing habits are of particularity, stability and reflection. The identification of the same person is carried out through the comparison of the "summation" of individual writing habits. However, practice and research show that, There may be multiple types of individual writing habits, and there is no logical basis for identifying the totality of individual writing habits by a small amount of handwriting identification. It is necessary to judge and distinguish the types of writing habits reflected by the specific writing action system. The type of writing action habit refers to the writer practicing different types of writing. The writing system and rules of Chinese characters are relatively tolerant and diverse, and the writers are interested in aesthetics, because of the relatively independent and distinct forms of writing habits formed by writing skills such as typeface, font and other handwriting skills, and the writing system and rules of Chinese characters are more tolerant and diverse. The writing action system of different skills carries different types of writing habits. A person can have many different types of writing habits at the same time. As long as appropriate "reinforcement exercises" are given to avoid the deterioration of habits, different writing habits can coexist continuously for a long time and have relative stability. The diversity of the types of writing habits can be divided into relatively independent types of writing habits and the diversity of local aspects of writing habits under the same type of writing habits. There is both a difference and a common relationship: the two move the pen in the handwriting, There may be great differences in handwriting characteristics, such as stroke sequence and structure, so the comparability between them may be poor, but compared with the essential differences of writing habits among different individuals, there are some commonalities among the different types of writing habits of the same person. Different types of writing habits are different in degree and comparability. By searching for the changing rules of the handwriting itself, or by comparing the handwriting with the sample handwriting, we can determine whether the differences in handwriting characteristics come from the diversity of the types of writing habits of the same person, and mimic and mimic the writing habits of the same person. It is necessary to pay attention to the differences in handwriting characteristics caused by specific habit types, and to analyze the specific cases. Among them, the number of signatures is small, and the writing frequency is high. Because of the variety of styles and the highest degree of diversity in the types of writing action habits, the judgement of the differences in signature handwriting features should pay special attention to judge whether there is a diversity of writing action habits. In order to judge the type of writing action habit and judge the difference point of handwriting characteristics, the handwriting identification sample handwriting is required to be "writing time, handwriting structure style, writing speed, writing tools," The writing environment and posture "are the same or similar to the handwriting of the material, and the possibility of diversity of writing habits should be fully taken into account in the appraisal project, and the confirmation and exclusion basis of the diversity can be scientifically and reasonably explained." A convincing appraisal.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D918.92

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本文編號：1670934