發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-27 09:20

  本文選題：筆跡鑒定　切入點(diǎn)：書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的筆跡學(xué)理論揭示出人的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣具有特殊性、穩(wěn)定性和反映性,對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)人的同一認(rèn)定,是通過(guò)對(duì)個(gè)體書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣“總和”的比較進(jìn)行的。然而,實(shí)踐和研究表明,個(gè)體的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣可能存在多個(gè)類(lèi)型,通過(guò)少量的鑒定字跡來(lái)識(shí)別個(gè)體的全部書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的“總和”缺乏邏輯依據(jù),書(shū)寫(xiě)人同一認(rèn)定需要對(duì)具體書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作系統(tǒng)所反映出的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型加以判斷和區(qū)分。 書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣的類(lèi)型,是指書(shū)寫(xiě)人練習(xí)不同的書(shū)體、字體等字跡書(shū)寫(xiě)技能而形成的相對(duì)獨(dú)立的且有明顯不同的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣表現(xiàn)形式。漢字的書(shū)寫(xiě)體系和書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)則具有較大的寬容性和多樣性,書(shū)寫(xiě)人出于審美喜好,往往練就特性差異較大的多種書(shū)寫(xiě)技能,不同技能的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作系統(tǒng)承載著不同的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型。一個(gè)人可以同時(shí)擁有多種不同類(lèi)型的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣,且只要給予適當(dāng)?shù)摹凹庸叹毩?xí)”以避免習(xí)慣的退化,不同類(lèi)型的書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)共存,具有相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性。 書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型的多樣性可以分為相對(duì)獨(dú)立的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣類(lèi)型多樣性和同一書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣類(lèi)型下書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣局部方面的類(lèi)型多樣性。不同書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣類(lèi)型的字跡之間是既存在差異又存在共性的關(guān)系:兩者在字跡的運(yùn)筆、筆順、結(jié)構(gòu)等筆跡特征方面可能存在較大差異,因而相互之間可比性可能較差;但相比于不同個(gè)體間的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣本質(zhì)性差異,同一人的多種書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣類(lèi)型間又存在一定的共性,相互聯(lián)系。不同的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣類(lèi)型之間的差異程度有所不同,相互間的可比性亦有所差別。 通過(guò)檢材字跡自身變化規(guī)律的尋找,或檢材字跡與樣本字跡的相互比較印證,可以判定筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)是否來(lái)自同一人書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型的多樣性,并與偽裝、摹仿、反映性變化導(dǎo)致的特征差異相區(qū)別。應(yīng)注意具體的習(xí)慣類(lèi)型樣式所引起的筆跡特征差異在特征種類(lèi)上有所側(cè)重,具體案件具體分析。其中,簽名字跡因字?jǐn)?shù)少、書(shū)寫(xiě)頻率高、樣式多變而成為書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型多樣化程度最高的單字集合,因而對(duì)簽名筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)的評(píng)斷應(yīng)特別注意判斷是否存在書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型多樣性。 為了使書(shū)寫(xiě)動(dòng)作習(xí)慣類(lèi)型的判斷和筆跡特征差異點(diǎn)的評(píng)斷有根有據(jù),要求筆跡鑒定樣本字跡在“書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)間、字跡結(jié)構(gòu)樣式、書(shū)寫(xiě)速度、書(shū)寫(xiě)工具、書(shū)寫(xiě)環(huán)境和姿勢(shì)”等方面與檢材字跡相同或近似。并且在鑒定的工程中應(yīng)充分考慮到書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣類(lèi)型多樣性的可能,對(duì)多樣性的確認(rèn)和排除依據(jù)做出充分的說(shuō)明,才能科學(xué)合理、令人信服的得出鑒定意見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of handwriting reveals that one's writing habits are of particularity, stability and reflection. The identification of the same person is carried out through the comparison of the "summation" of individual writing habits. However, practice and research show that, There may be multiple types of individual writing habits, and there is no logical basis for identifying the totality of individual writing habits by a small amount of handwriting identification. It is necessary to judge and distinguish the types of writing habits reflected by the specific writing action system. The type of writing action habit refers to the writer practicing different types of writing. The writing system and rules of Chinese characters are relatively tolerant and diverse, and the writers are interested in aesthetics, because of the relatively independent and distinct forms of writing habits formed by writing skills such as typeface, font and other handwriting skills, and the writing system and rules of Chinese characters are more tolerant and diverse. The writing action system of different skills carries different types of writing habits. A person can have many different types of writing habits at the same time. As long as appropriate "reinforcement exercises" are given to avoid the deterioration of habits, different writing habits can coexist continuously for a long time and have relative stability. The diversity of the types of writing habits can be divided into relatively independent types of writing habits and the diversity of local aspects of writing habits under the same type of writing habits. There is both a difference and a common relationship: the two move the pen in the handwriting, There may be great differences in handwriting characteristics, such as stroke sequence and structure, so the comparability between them may be poor, but compared with the essential differences of writing habits among different individuals, there are some commonalities among the different types of writing habits of the same person. Different types of writing habits are different in degree and comparability. By searching for the changing rules of the handwriting itself, or by comparing the handwriting with the sample handwriting, we can determine whether the differences in handwriting characteristics come from the diversity of the types of writing habits of the same person, and mimic and mimic the writing habits of the same person. It is necessary to pay attention to the differences in handwriting characteristics caused by specific habit types, and to analyze the specific cases. Among them, the number of signatures is small, and the writing frequency is high. Because of the variety of styles and the highest degree of diversity in the types of writing action habits, the judgement of the differences in signature handwriting features should pay special attention to judge whether there is a diversity of writing action habits. In order to judge the type of writing action habit and judge the difference point of handwriting characteristics, the handwriting identification sample handwriting is required to be "writing time, handwriting structure style, writing speed, writing tools," The writing environment and posture "are the same or similar to the handwriting of the material, and the possibility of diversity of writing habits should be fully taken into account in the appraisal project, and the confirmation and exclusion basis of the diversity can be scientifically and reasonably explained." A convincing appraisal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D918.92

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前3條

1 何家弘;;同一認(rèn)定理論與犯罪偵查學(xué)[J];公安大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1986年02期

2 賈治輝;;簽名筆跡多樣性及其鑒定方法研究[J];四川警察學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年06期

3 賈治輝;;漢字筆跡鑒定結(jié)論科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的實(shí)證研究[J];國(guó)家檢察官學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：1670934