本文選題：嗜尸性蠅類　切入點(diǎn)：死后間隔時間　出處：《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 目的:研究不同溫度下銅綠蠅(Lucilia cuprina)蛹的生長發(fā)育情況,明確其發(fā)育形態(tài)隨時間的變化規(guī)律,為刑事案件中死后間隔時間(Postmortem interval,PMI )的推斷提供科學(xué)依據(jù),同時積累石家莊地區(qū)嗜尸性蠅類發(fā)育生物學(xué)資料。 方法:在河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)校園內(nèi)以兔內(nèi)臟誘捕銅綠蠅成蠅,帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室,在生化培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)連續(xù)飼養(yǎng),以第三代成蠅作為母代開始實(shí)驗(yàn)。用豬肝誘成蠅產(chǎn)卵,將所產(chǎn)新鮮卵移置于豬肉上,分別放在16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃的生化培養(yǎng)箱中飼養(yǎng),在以上各溫度條件下,濕度(50%-60%)及光周期固定不變,食物數(shù)量維持在相對穩(wěn)定的范圍內(nèi)。自50%幼蟲化蛹開始,將蛹連同沙土移入新瓶內(nèi),每隔12h取樣1次,直至半數(shù)羽化。每次皆取10頭標(biāo)本,用4%的甲醛固定液固定24h[1],然后放入75%酒精中保存。稱量各組蛹重,用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,并繪制不同恒溫下蛹重隨時間的變化曲線。在體視顯微鏡下觀察蛹?xì)ゎ伾?用數(shù)碼相機(jī)拍照[2],用圖像分析軟件提取R/G/B值,繪制不同恒溫下R/G/B值隨發(fā)育時間的變化曲線,并做成蛹?xì)ゎ伾臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)色版。在體視顯微鏡下剝開蛹?xì)?觀察蛹體形態(tài)發(fā)育的變化規(guī)律,找出時間標(biāo)志性特征,并據(jù)此將蛹的發(fā)育進(jìn)程進(jìn)行階段劃分;比較不同恒溫下發(fā)育規(guī)律的不同。數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS11.5軟件處理。 結(jié)果: 1蛹體組織形態(tài)變化 1.1蛹期階段的劃分 體視顯微鏡下觀察到殼內(nèi)蛹體組織從縮短幼蟲狀態(tài)到成蠅的全變態(tài)發(fā)育過程,并發(fā)現(xiàn)7個可標(biāo)志其形態(tài)發(fā)育隨時間變化的特征:Ⅰ蛹體分頭、胸、腹;Ⅱ頭咽骨貼壁;Ⅲ原頭出現(xiàn);Ⅳ呼吸角破殼;Ⅴ翅與足出現(xiàn)及褐化;Ⅵ鬃毛出現(xiàn)及褐化;Ⅶ復(fù)眼輪廓形成及色素化進(jìn)程。 根據(jù)上述特征把蛹期粗略劃分為9個階段: 前蛹期:蟲體呈縮短幼蟲狀,未見呼吸角,頭咽骨與蛹體組織緊密結(jié)合。 隱頭期:蛹前端出現(xiàn)凹陷,可見原頭及一對小乳頭狀的呼吸角,頭咽骨貼壁。 顯頭期:蛹體分頭、胸和腹;呼吸角呈牛角狀;蛹體呈白色,全身無鬃;腹面出現(xiàn)足及翅;復(fù)眼輪廓形成。 棕翅期:足根部呈淺棕色,翅出現(xiàn)淺棕色翅脈;蛹體出現(xiàn)淺色鬃毛,復(fù)眼黃色。 黑鬃胸期:胸部背面及頭部出現(xiàn)稀疏的黑色鬃毛;腹部沿各腹節(jié)處出現(xiàn)淺棕色毛;足根部變黑,翅脈呈黑色。 黑鬃腹期:腹部稀疏分布黑色鬃毛;胸部鬃毛變濃密。 半紅眼期:復(fù)眼后半部呈鮮紅色,腹部鬃毛變濃密。 紅眼期:復(fù)眼全部鮮紅色,體鬃進(jìn)一步濃密。 預(yù)成蟲期:復(fù)眼呈深紅色,整個蛹已具成蟲雛形,有膜包被。 1.2不同溫度下銅綠蠅蛹的發(fā)育進(jìn)程 記錄到達(dá)蛹期各發(fā)育階段的時間,繪制銅綠蠅蛹的發(fā)育進(jìn)程表,可得出以下結(jié)論: 不同恒溫下,銅綠蠅蛹發(fā)育至某一階段所需的時間和某一階段持續(xù)的時間一般隨溫度的增高而縮短。某一恒溫下蛹的各個階段持續(xù)時間不均勻:顯頭期占據(jù)了蛹期相當(dāng)長的時間,蛹的開始階段和臨近羽化階段持續(xù)時間短,即形態(tài)變化較大。 2蛹?xì)ゎ伾?體視顯微鏡下觀察表明,在適宜銅綠蠅發(fā)育的恒定溫度下,蛹?xì)ゎ伾S時間呈現(xiàn)逐漸加深趨勢。各溫度下蛹?xì)ゎ伾腞/G/B數(shù)值隨蛹的生長發(fā)育均呈現(xiàn)由大到小的變化趨勢,以R值變化最明顯,但此變化不均勻,在化蛹初期和臨近羽化時變化較大,中間變化平緩。蛹?xì)ゎ伾臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)色版可用于肉眼粗略估算蛹期及進(jìn)而推斷PMI。 3蛹重 在適宜銅綠蠅發(fā)育的恒定溫度條件下,蛹重隨時間延長而減少。并且,蛹重的變化也是不均勻的:頭兩天下降迅速,而后趨于平緩;溫度越高,蛹重隨時間下降趨勢越明顯。 結(jié)論:研究結(jié)果表明,在死亡調(diào)查時,銅綠蠅蛹可作為一種現(xiàn)場證據(jù),在已知現(xiàn)場環(huán)境溫度的前提下,可依據(jù)蛹?xì)?nèi)蛹體組織的形態(tài)發(fā)育變化來推斷蛹期,同時結(jié)合蛹?xì)ゎ伾臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)色版,參考蛹重隨時間的變化情況綜合分析,從而為死后間隔時間(PMI)的推斷提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the different temperature l.cuprina (Lucilia cuprina) growth of pupae, the morphological change over time, as in the criminal cases of postmortem interval (Postmortem, interval, PMI) to provide a scientific basis for inference, while the accumulation of the Shijiazhuang area of sarcosaphagous flies in developmental biology.
Methods: in the campus of Hebei Medical University with rabbit visceral l.cuprina fly trap, back to the lab, continuous feeding in biochemical culture box, with third generations of adult flies began to experiment as a parent. Liver induced spawning adult flies, will produce fresh eggs in pork were placed on shift at 16 C, 20 C, 24 C feeding, 28 DEG, 32 DEG C in biochemical incubator, in each of the above conditions of temperature, humidity and photoperiod (50%-60%) is fixed, the quantity of food maintained at a relatively stable range. Since the beginning of the 50% larvae pupate, together with sand into the bottle will pupa, every 12h sample 1 times, until half of eclosion. Every time the 10 head specimens were fixed with formaldehyde, 24h[1] 4%, and then preserved in 75% alcohol was measured. Pupal weight, represented by the standard deviation, pupa weight were made at different temperature versus time curves. Observe the color in the puparium under stereomicroscope, digital Camera [2], analysis of R/G/B extraction software for image rendering, different temperature change curve of R/G/B value with the development time, and make the standard color version. The color keys in the microscope to observe the changes of peel from pupa, morphological development, find the time characteristic, and accordingly the development of pupa comparison of different phases; development regularity under different temperature. Data processing with SPSS11.5.
Result:
Morphological changes of the 1 pupae
Division of the 1.1 stage of pupae
Under stereomicroscope to observe the whole process of metamorphosis shell pupae from larva to shorten the tissue of adult flies, and found that the 7 can mark the time-varying characteristics of the morphological development: 1 pupa separately, chest, abdominal wall; II cephalopharyngeal skeleton; III head; IV respiratory horn shell V; wing and foot and brown mane and browning; VI VII; eye contour is formed and pigment process.
According to the above characteristics, the pupal period is roughly divided into 9 stages:
In the pre pupal stage, the body of the insect has a short larval shape, no respiratory angle, and the cephpharynx bone is closely associated with the tissue of the pupa body.
Latent period: the front end of the pupa is sunken, and the original head and a pair of small papillary respiratory angles are seen, and the cephalic bone is attached to the wall.
Show head period: Pupa separately, thoracic and abdominal breathing; angle is horn; pupa is white, body without bristles; ventral foot and wings; eye contour is formed.
Brown winged foot roots: pale brown, light brown veined wings appear; pupae appear pale mane, yellow eye.
Black mane: chest and head back chest appear sparse black mane; abdomen along the abdominal section shallow brown hairs; foot roots black, black veins.
Black mane abdomen: a sparsely distributed black mane of the abdomen; a thickening of the bristles of the chest.
Half red eye: the second half of the eye is bright red, and the mane of the abdomen is thicker.
Red eye: the compound eyes are all bright red, and the body bristles are further thicker.
Preadult stage: the compound eye is deep red, the whole pupa has adult embryonic shape, and the envelope is covered.
1.2 different temperatures from the development process of P.
The developmental stages of recording the pupal development time, drawing from P. table, the following conclusions can be drawn:
At different temperature, the duration of the pupal development of P. at a certain stage of the time required for a certain stage and generally increases with increasing of temperature and shorten the stages of pupa. A constant temperature duration is not uniform: head period occupied the pupal stage for a long time, the pupa beginning and close to the eclosion stage continued time is short, the large morphological changes.
2 color keys
Microscope observation showed that under suitable l.cuprina development under constant temperature, puparium color with the time showed a gradual deepening trend. R/G/B values of each color with temperature puparium pupa growth showed a changing trend from large to small, the R value of the most obvious changes, but this change is not uniform, large changes in the initial stage of pupation and near emergence, change slowly. The color of the puparium standard color version can be used for naked pupa and then deduce the rough estimate of PMI.
3 pupae weight
Under the constant temperature condition suitable for the development of P.aeruginosa, the pupal weight decreased with the extension of time. Moreover, the change of pupal weight was also uneven: the first two days descended rapidly and then tended to be gentle; the higher the temperature, the more obvious the decline of pupal weight with time.
Conclusion: the results showed that in the investigation of death, Pseudomonas pupae can be used as a kind of evidence at the scene, in the field of environmental temperature is given, on the basis of puparium pupae in the form of organization development changes to infer the pupal stage, combined with the color of the standard color version of the reference, with a comprehensive analysis of pupal weight changing time thus, as the postmortem interval (PMI) to provide a scientific basis for inference.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D919.1

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