本文選題：法醫(yī)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：法醫(yī)昆蟲(chóng)毒理學(xué)　出處：《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的:了解嗎啡對(duì)大頭金蠅(Chrysomya megacephala)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響，幫助指導(dǎo)以尸食性蠅類(lèi)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育為依據(jù)的死后間隔時(shí)間（postmortem intervalss, PMI）的推斷，為法醫(yī)昆蟲(chóng)毒理學(xué)提供基礎(chǔ)資料。 方法：從自然界誘捕大頭金蠅成蠅，帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在生化培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)連續(xù)飼養(yǎng)，以第三代成蠅作為母代，開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)。對(duì)照組家兔未經(jīng)注射任何藥品即處死，處死方法為擊枕部迅速處死。實(shí)驗(yàn)組家兔經(jīng)耳緣靜脈依次注射8mg（0.5倍致死量）、16mg（1倍致死量）、35mg（2倍致死量）鹽酸嗎啡，給藥30分鐘后處死，處死方法與對(duì)照組家兔相同。取家兔四肢的肌肉，分別保存，，按家兔給藥濃度由小到大依次標(biāo)為M0、M1、M2、M3；取家兔的肝臟，分別保存，按家兔給藥濃度由小到大依次標(biāo)為L(zhǎng)0、L1、L2、L3。生化培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)，28℃恒溫條件下，用豬肉誘大頭金蠅產(chǎn)卵，產(chǎn)卵時(shí)間記為零時(shí)，將卵塊移至家兔的肌肉或肝臟上飼養(yǎng)。幼蟲(chóng)孵出16h后，每隔12h留一次標(biāo)本，每組每次留取10頭幼蟲(chóng)，直至幼蟲(chóng)到達(dá)離食期（其標(biāo)志是幼蟲(chóng)不再取食，四處爬動(dòng)，尋找化蛹部位[1]）。將幼蟲(chóng)用80℃的熱水燙死后，放入濃度為70%的酒精中保存，測(cè)量每組幼蟲(chóng)標(biāo)本的體長(zhǎng)、體重。幼蟲(chóng)到達(dá)離食期后72h留取蛹標(biāo)本(此時(shí)的蛹處于初蛹階段)，每組留取10頭，測(cè)量各組蛹標(biāo)本的體長(zhǎng)、體重。將各組各次測(cè)得的幼蟲(chóng) WP=4 標(biāo)本的體長(zhǎng)、體重，蛹長(zhǎng)、蛹重用均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤（x±s）表示。以幼蟲(chóng)標(biāo)本體長(zhǎng)、體重均值繪制幼蟲(chóng)生長(zhǎng)曲線圖。成蠅羽化后，將各組成蠅分別飼養(yǎng)，每隔24h觀察一次各組成蠅的死亡只數(shù)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)的整個(gè)過(guò)程中記錄下各組卵的孵化時(shí)間、幼蟲(chóng)化蛹時(shí)間、成蠅羽化時(shí)間。 比較在嗎啡注射量不同的家兔肌肉和肝臟上取食的幼蟲(chóng)的生長(zhǎng)速率（體長(zhǎng)/時(shí)間、體重/時(shí)間）及幼蟲(chóng)到達(dá)離食期后72h時(shí)蛹長(zhǎng)、蛹重之間是否有差別，各組間比較應(yīng)用方差分析（ANOVA），數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果由SAS6.12軟件處理得出。比較各組卵孵化時(shí)間、幼蟲(chóng)化蛹時(shí)間、成蠅羽化時(shí)間是否有差別。各組成蠅的生存分析應(yīng)用Kaplan-Meier（KM）法，結(jié)果由SPSS11軟件處理得出。研究組織中的嗎啡是否會(huì)對(duì)大頭金蠅的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育產(chǎn)生影響。 結(jié)果：12h各組幼蟲(chóng)孵出。40h時(shí)，取食家兔肌肉的四組幼蟲(chóng)的平均體長(zhǎng)、平均體重出現(xiàn)顯著性差別。M3、M2 組幼蟲(chóng)的大于M1、M0組。52～76h M3組幼蟲(chóng)的平均體長(zhǎng)、平均體重大于其它三組。88h各組幼蟲(chóng)記錄下最大體長(zhǎng)，仍以M3組值最大。94h左右各組達(dá)離食期，幼蟲(chóng)到達(dá)離食期后72h時(shí)留取的蛹標(biāo)本比較， M3組的平均蛹長(zhǎng)、平均蛹重大于其它組。 取食兔肝的各組幼蟲(chóng)的平均體長(zhǎng)在40h時(shí)出現(xiàn)顯著性差別，家兔嗎啡注射量越大，在其肝臟上取食的幼蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)增加速度越快，52～76h此差別持續(xù)存在。88h各組觀察到最大體長(zhǎng)，，L3、L2組大于L1、L0組。在肝臟上取食的幼蟲(chóng)平均體重于40h時(shí)出現(xiàn)顯著性差別，40～88h L3組的平均體重始終大于其它三組。92h L3組幼蟲(chóng)最先達(dá)到離食期，其它三組 WP=5 于3h后到達(dá)離食期。L3和L2組平均蛹長(zhǎng)、平均蛹重大于L1和L0組。 對(duì)在同一只家兔肝臟、肌肉上取食的幼蟲(chóng)平均體長(zhǎng)比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育到一定階段，在肝臟上取食的幼蟲(chóng)平均體長(zhǎng)超過(guò)在同一只家兔肌肉上取食的幼蟲(chóng)。在各只家兔肝臟上取食的幼蟲(chóng)的最大體長(zhǎng)也大于在同一只家兔肌肉上取食的幼蟲(chóng)。 各組卵塊均于12h孵化。取食家兔肌肉的四組幼蟲(chóng)同時(shí)到達(dá)離食期，M3和M2 組成蠅較M1和M0組羽化時(shí)間早約3h。L3組幼蟲(chóng)較L2 、L1和L0組先到達(dá)離食期，時(shí)間約早3h；L3 、L2和L1組的成蠅羽化時(shí)間較L0組早約4h。 各組成蠅的平均生存時(shí)間及中位生存時(shí)間由短到長(zhǎng)依次為M1、M0、M2和M3。整體上的生存曲線比較，四組成蠅生存率曲線分布差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P0.05）。四組成蠅生存情況進(jìn)行兩兩比較結(jié)果為各組兩兩有差異（P0.05）。 結(jié)論 1在一定的劑量范圍內(nèi)，嗎啡可使大頭金蠅幼蟲(chóng)的生長(zhǎng)速率加快。 2 28℃時(shí)，嗎啡對(duì)大頭金蠅的發(fā)育歷期無(wú)明顯影響。 3 嗎啡可延長(zhǎng)大頭金蠅成蠅的壽命。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the effect of morphine on the growth and development of Chrysomya megacephala, and to provide guidance for inferring the postmortem interval (postmortem intervalss, PMI) based on the growth and development of autophagous flies, providing basic information for forensic insect toxicology.
Methods: from the nature of trapping c.megacephala adult flies, back to the lab, continuous feeding in biochemical culture box, with third generations of adult flies as the parent generation, began to experiment. The control group without any drug injection in rabbits were sacrificed, method for hit the occipital rapidly executed. Rabbits in the experimental group by ear vein injection of 8mg (in turn 0.5 times the lethal dose (16mg), 1 times the lethal dose (35mg), 2 times the lethal dose of morphine hydrochloride), 30 minutes after administration were executed with the same method of control group rabbits. The rabbit limb muscles were preserved, in order to rabbits according to concentration of labeled M0, M1, M2, M3 rabbit; liver, rabbits were preserved, according to drug concentration in order for L0, L1, L2, L3. biochemical incubator, 28 constant temperature conditions, with pork induced c.megacephala oviposition, spawning time is zero, will raise muscle or liver egg to rabbits on the larvae hatched 16h. After every 12h leave a specimen, each group collected 10 larva, until the larvae arrived from food (the symbol is no longer feeding larvae, crawling around, looking for pupation site [1]). The larvae in 80 degrees of hot water after death, save into the concentration of 70% alcohol, measure each group larvae samples of body length, body weight. The larvae arrived from food after 72h collected specimens (when the pupa pupa in the early pupal stage), each group collected 10 head specimens were measured, pupa body length, body weight of larvae. Each time will be measured
WP=4
Samples of body length, body weight, pupa, pupa reuse mean standard error (x + s). The larvae were in body length, the average weight of drawing growth curve. The adult flies larvae after emergence and the composition of flies were fed every 24h observation time the fly record number of deaths. The hatching time in the whole process, pupation time, emergence time flies.
Rabbit muscle and liver in comparison of different morphine injection amount of the growth rate of feeding larvae (body weight / length / time, time) and the larvae arrived from food 72h after pupa long, if there is a difference between pupa weight, comparison between groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA), data processing software that results from the SAS6.12 were compared between the groups. The hatching time, pupation time, whether there are differences. The emergence time flies. Flies survival analysis of the application of Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, the results obtained by SPSS11 software. To study whether tissue in morphine on Chrysomya megacephala growth effect.
Results: each group of 12h larvae hatched.40h, average four groups of larvae fed on rabbit muscle length, average weight appeared significant differences in.M3, M2 group of larvae was greater than M1, the average M0 group.52 ~ 76h group M3 larvae length, average weight is greater than the maximum length of the other three groups were.88h larvae recorded the maximum of about.94h was still away from food in the M3 group, the larvae arrived from food after 72h were collected from the pupae were compared, the average pupa of M3 group, average pupal weight greater than the other groups.
The average body groups of larvae feeding rabbit liver length in 40H significant difference, the greater the amount of morphine injection in rabbits, the larvae feeding on the liver in its length increased faster, 52 ~ 76h this difference persists in.88h groups observed maximum body length, L3, L1, L2 group than in L0 group. The average weight of feeding larvae. In the liver in 40H appeared significant difference, the average weight of 40 ~ 88H L3 group is always higher than the other three groups.92h group L3 larvae reached first food from the other three groups.
WP=5
After 3h, the average pupae was long in the.L3 and L2 groups, and the average pupa weight was greater than that of the L1 and L0 groups.
The liver in the same rabbit muscle, feeding the larvae of average body length is found in larval development to a certain stage, the larvae feeding on the liver in average body length over feeding in the same rabbit muscle larvae. The largest body of feeding in all rabbits liver on the larvae feeding on the same length is greater than rabbit muscle larvae.
The eggs were in the 12h group. Four groups of larvae hatched from rabbit muscle at the same time to reach the food, M3 and M2 than M1 and M0 group flies early emergence time about 3h.L3 group compared with L2 and L0 L1 larvae, the first group arrived from food, time is about L3, L2 and 3H; L1 group of adult flies eclosion earlier than L0 group about 4h.
The average survival time of the flies and the median survival time from short to long were M1, M0, M2 and M3. to compare the survival curve on the whole, four fly survival curves had significant difference (P0.05). Four fly 22 comparison results for the survival of 22 groups have difference (P0.05).
conclusion
1 in a certain dose range morphine can accelerate the growth rate of the larva of the big head golden fly.
At 228 C, morphine had no significant effect on the development period of golden fly.
3 morphine can prolong the life span of the flies.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D919

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王麗娟;不同溫度下安定對(duì)大頭金蠅生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響及其在死后間隔時(shí)間推斷方面的應(yīng)用[D];河北醫(yī)科大學(xué);2006年

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