本文關(guān)鍵詞： 破窗理論 反腐敗 預(yù)防 零容忍　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大量生活實(shí)踐告訴我們,外部環(huán)境與某些犯罪有著密不可分的關(guān)系,人們很早就已認(rèn)識到它們之間的關(guān)聯(lián),并將其運(yùn)用到犯罪控制中去。眾多學(xué)者對犯罪與環(huán)境的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了一系列卓有成效的實(shí)證研究,1982年,美國學(xué)者威爾遜和凱林在此基礎(chǔ)上首次提出了破窗理論的概念,說明了輕微違法行為與嚴(yán)重犯罪的重要聯(lián)系。破窗理論的核心問題圍繞兩個方面,即無序與犯罪是否存在相關(guān)性,若存在相關(guān)性,是否能夠通過對無序的干預(yù)控制犯罪發(fā)生。美國較早的將這一理論運(yùn)用到犯罪控制實(shí)踐中來,以破窗理論為基礎(chǔ)制定多項(xiàng)措施,有效降低了犯罪率,改善了治安環(huán)境。 中國古語有云：小節(jié)不拘,則大節(jié)不保；小惡不治,則終成大禍。破窗理論帶給我們的啟示就是對初始的輕微不良行為要堅決懲治并及時修正其不良狀態(tài),以避免發(fā)生更嚴(yán)重的行為。破窗效應(yīng)在腐敗現(xiàn)象中有明顯的體現(xiàn),若微小的腐敗行為被縱容且得不到懲罰,就會給人以“腐敗是可行的”這種心理暗示,由此引起更多原本廉潔的人效仿,不貪變?yōu)樾∝?小貪變?yōu)榇筘?最終后果不堪設(shè)想。新加坡和香港作為清廉指數(shù)一直較高的兩個地方,成功將破窗理論運(yùn)用到對腐敗的防治中來,以“零容忍”的態(tài)度懲治腐敗,即使是微小的腐敗行為,一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)即會受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰,使行為人付出慘重的代價。 我國歷來十分重視腐敗問題,從古就制定了各種法律法令,但腐敗現(xiàn)象卻一直存在,且為數(shù)不少。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,近幾年來腐敗犯罪的數(shù)量仍舊呈現(xiàn)緩慢增長的趨勢。為何在法律法規(guī)逐步健全完善的情況下,腐敗現(xiàn)象卻并未減少,筆者認(rèn)為有歷史、社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面的原因,但其中對腐敗現(xiàn)象一定程度的寬容有著巨大的影響。例如,按照現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定,貪賄行為數(shù)額達(dá)到5000元才能定罪,不到這一數(shù)額的只是受黨紀(jì)政紀(jì)處分,在實(shí)踐操作中,由于各種原因的影響,有些行為人受到的黨紀(jì)政紀(jì)處分微乎其微,甚至是教育了事。有些經(jīng)濟(jì)較發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的司法機(jī)關(guān)在掌握定罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上暗自提高數(shù)額,對小案放之一旁,集中辦理大案。這其中有辦案力量不足,查辦大案更能體現(xiàn)反腐工作水平等原因,但卻會導(dǎo)致旁觀者產(chǎn)生“輕微腐敗行為不會被懲罰”的心態(tài),甚至引起部分人的效仿,從而發(fā)生腐敗持續(xù)蔓延的惡果。 本文對破窗理論的起源及提出進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述,以美國、新加坡、香港等國家和地區(qū)為例,介紹了它們應(yīng)用破窗理論進(jìn)行犯罪控制的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),從當(dāng)前我國腐敗犯罪的現(xiàn)狀和特點(diǎn)出發(fā),論述了預(yù)防腐敗理念的發(fā)展歷程,從刑事法治和社會控制兩方面論述了我國懲治和預(yù)防腐敗犯罪的狀況。從尋找“破窗”與腐敗的共同點(diǎn)入手,提出了實(shí)行“零容忍”反腐敗政策的觀點(diǎn),并對“零容忍”反腐敗在我國實(shí)施存在的困境進(jìn)行了分析,多方面論述了“零容忍”反腐敗的現(xiàn)實(shí)可行性。通過研究其他國家和地區(qū)“零容忍”反腐敗的經(jīng)驗(yàn),吸取可為我用之處,對如何改進(jìn)反腐敗方式,提高反腐敗工作效率和水平提出了自己的看法,以期對我國懲治和預(yù)防腐敗工作的發(fā)展起到積極的作用。
[Abstract]:A lot of life practice tells us that the external environment has a close relationship with certain crime, people has long recognized the association between them, and apply it to the control of crimes. Many scholars on the relationship between crime and environment has made a series of very fruitful empirical research, 1982, American scholar Wilson Kelin based on the concept of broken window theory, explains the important connection between minor offenses and serious crimes. The core problem of the broken window theory focus on two aspects, namely, disorder and crime whether there is a correlation, if there exists a correlation, whether through crime control of disorderly intervention. The United States earlier this by applying the theory to the practice of crime control in, based on the broken window theory to develop a number of measures to reduce the crime rate, improve the environment security.
There is an old saying: China section is informal, not large insurance; small evil dead, it eventually became a disaster. The broken window theory enlightens us that the initial minor bad behavior must be resolutely punished and the bad state timely correction, to avoid more serious behavior. The broken window effect in corruption is obvious reflect the phenomenon, if corruption is small and conniving not punished, can give a person with "corruption is the feasible psychological hint," resulting in more follow originally honest people, not greedy for petty corruption, corruption becomes small big corruption, the final result is set to two places in Singapore. And Hongkong as a corruption index has been higher, the success of the broken window theory applied to the prevention of corruption in the past, with "zero tolerance" attitude to punish corruption, even tiny acts of corruption, once found, will be severely punished, the behavior of people pay a heavy The price.
China has always attached great importance to the problem of corruption, it can develop a variety of laws and decrees, but corruption has existed, and the number of data show that in recent years the number of crimes of corruption still showed a slow growth trend. Why in the gradual improvement of laws and regulations under the condition of corruption are not decreasing. The author thinks that the historical, social, economic and other reasons, but the degree of tolerance of corruption. There is a huge impact. For example, according to the current law, the bribery behavior amount reached 5000 yuan to be convicted, less than this amount is subject to disciplinary sanctions, in practice, due to the impact of a variety of reasons, some persons by the party and government discipline education. It is very little, even some of the more economically developed areas of the judiciary in mastering the conviction standard secretly provided high amount, on a small case Put aside for major. The handling power shortage, investigating major can reflect the level of anti-corruption work and other reasons, but can lead to bystander "minor acts of corruption will not be punished" mentality, and even cause some people to imitate, so as to cause corruption consequences spread.
The broken window theory origin and put forward in detail, in the United States, Singapore, Hongkong and other countries and regions as an example, introduces the successful experience of their application of the broken windows theory to crime control, starting from the status quo and characteristics of the crime of corruption in China, discusses the development process of the concept of preventing corruption. The prevention of corruption crime in our country the status of punishing and discusses the criminal rule of law and social control in two aspects. Starting from the common point to find the "broken windows" and corruption, put forward the implementation of "zero tolerance" anti-corruption policy point of view, and the "zero tolerance" anti-corruption in our country to implement the existing difficulties are analyzed. Discusses the feasibility of zero tolerance anti-corruption in many aspects. Through the research of other countries and regions, the "zero tolerance" anti-corruption experience, I can learn to use, on how to improve the anti-corruption, improve the anti-corruption work It puts forward its own views on efficiency and level, with a view to playing a positive role in the development of our country's efforts to punish and prevent corruption.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D917.6

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：1545616