發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-26 20:21

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民事司法鑒定制度 民事司法鑒定管理體制 民事司法鑒定人制度 民事司法鑒定啟動(dòng)制度 民事司法鑒定質(zhì)證和認(rèn)證制度　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：事實(shí)認(rèn)定是民事審判的基礎(chǔ),司法鑒定則是事實(shí)認(rèn)定的有效手段。尤其隨著社會(huì)主義法治的發(fā)展,公民法治意識(shí)的增強(qiáng),司法鑒定又被看做當(dāng)事人了解事實(shí)、參與訴訟的權(quán)利象征。可見(jiàn),司法鑒定在司法實(shí)踐中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,同時(shí)也引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。在這樣的歷史背景下,《關(guān)于司法鑒定管理問(wèn)題的決定》應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,它是我國(guó)第一次從管理立法的角度,對(duì)司法鑒定制度作了比較全面地規(guī)范,是司法鑒定制度發(fā)展的里程碑。但與此同時(shí),我們也應(yīng)該看到,我國(guó)的司法鑒定制度還很不成熟,在司法鑒定管理體制、司法鑒定人制度、司法鑒定啟動(dòng)制度以及司法鑒定的質(zhì)證、認(rèn)證制度等方面都還存在諸多問(wèn)題亟待解決。為此,筆者以我國(guó)民事鑒定制度為出發(fā)點(diǎn),從以上幾方面入手,通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)理論及實(shí)踐的研究,提出一些初步構(gòu)想,以期對(duì)民事司法鑒定制度改革有興趣的同仁有所幫助。 本文共分為六章。 第一章為民事司法鑒定制度概述。在這一部分首先介紹了司法鑒定的概念,然后通過(guò)與刑事司法鑒定的橫向比較,得出民事司法鑒定的特征。 第二章為我國(guó)民事司法鑒定制度的立法現(xiàn)狀與缺陷。首先,簡(jiǎn)要回顧了我國(guó)民事司法鑒定制度的立法歷程,然后對(duì)我國(guó)民事司法鑒定制度存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行歸納。一是對(duì)當(dāng)前鑒定管理存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行闡述,包括管理權(quán)不完善,基層法院及當(dāng)事人鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)選擇權(quán)無(wú)法得到保障；鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)責(zé)任制度缺失以及鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有確定評(píng)定等級(jí)制度,鑒定結(jié)論效力無(wú)法認(rèn)定等問(wèn)題。二是在司法鑒定人制度方面,存在對(duì)鑒定人權(quán)利重視不夠、鑒定人出庭制度難以得到保障的問(wèn)題。三是從背離了法院的居中裁判職能、與舉證責(zé)任的承擔(dān)原則沖突以及司法實(shí)踐中存在法院隨意啟動(dòng)司法鑒定,導(dǎo)致重復(fù)鑒定泛濫,增加了當(dāng)事人的訴累三個(gè)方面,提出司法鑒定啟動(dòng)權(quán)不應(yīng)歸于法院的問(wèn)題。四是從鑒定結(jié)論的質(zhì)證流于形式、鑒定人出庭制度難以得到保障以及法官采信鑒定結(jié)論自由裁量權(quán)過(guò)大三方面分析司法鑒定質(zhì)證、認(rèn)證制度中存在的問(wèn)題。 第三章為我國(guó)司法鑒定管理體制的完善與重構(gòu)。該部分首先介紹了英美法系和大陸法系的司法鑒定管理體制,從中總結(jié)出國(guó)外司法鑒定管理體制的特點(diǎn),然后提出通過(guò)統(tǒng)一司法鑒定管理權(quán),建立質(zhì)量運(yùn)行機(jī)制；取消法院系統(tǒng)鑒定中心委托指定做法；建立司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)資質(zhì)等級(jí)制度以及健全鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)責(zé)任制度,從而對(duì)鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的管理制度進(jìn)一步完善。 第四章為我國(guó)司法鑒定人制度的完善與重構(gòu)。本部分詳細(xì)了介紹大陸法系和英美法系的司法鑒定人制度,然后從賦予鑒定人合理的權(quán)利以及通過(guò)明確其法律責(zé)任及制裁程序、嚴(yán)格限定鑒定人可以不出庭的情況、完善專家輔助人制度來(lái)完善司法鑒定人出庭制度兩方面提出司法鑒定人制度重構(gòu)的構(gòu)想。 第五章為我國(guó)司法鑒定啟動(dòng)制度的完善與重構(gòu)。在將英美法系和大陸法系的司法鑒定啟動(dòng)制度進(jìn)行介紹及對(duì)比后,在本章的第二部分詳細(xì)闡述了如何將啟動(dòng)民事司法鑒定權(quán)利歸還當(dāng)事人和對(duì)法院提起重新鑒定的權(quán)利進(jìn)行限制的初步構(gòu)想,進(jìn)而完善司法鑒定啟動(dòng)程序。 第六章為我國(guó)司法鑒定質(zhì)證和認(rèn)證制度的完善與重構(gòu)。在本章中,除了簡(jiǎn)要介紹國(guó)外的司法鑒定質(zhì)證和認(rèn)證制度之外,主要從建立鑒定材料質(zhì)證制度、細(xì)化司法鑒定結(jié)論認(rèn)證的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、明確司法鑒定結(jié)論進(jìn)行審查的依據(jù)以及在判決書中載明采納鑒定結(jié)論的理由四個(gè)方面,詳細(xì)闡述了我國(guó)司法鑒定質(zhì)證和認(rèn)證制度的完善的做法。
[Abstract]:The fact is the basis of civil justice and judicial identification is the effective means of the facts. Especially with the development of the socialist rule of law, strengthen the citizen consciousness of the rule of law, judicial expertise is also regarded as the parties understand the facts involved in litigation rights symbol. Obviously, the judicial identification plays an increasingly important role in the judicial practice, at the same time attracted wide attention of the society. In this background, < > decision on the management of judicial authentication came into being, it is the first time in our country from the perspective of legislation management, the system of judicial identification was compared comprehensively, is the development of milepost of judicial identification system. But at the same time, we should also see and our judicial system is not mature, in the management system of judicial expertise, judicial system, judicial identification system and start questioning the judicial identification certification system, etc. There are still many problems to be solved. Therefore, according to China's civil identification system as the starting point, starting from the above aspects, through the study of theory and practice, puts forward some preliminary conception, in order to have an interest in the reform of civil judicial system help colleagues.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the civil judicial expertise system. In this part, the concept of forensic expertise is first introduced, and then the characteristics of civil judicial expertise are obtained through horizontal comparison with forensic expertise.
The second chapter is the legislative status and defects of China's civil judicial appraisal system. Firstly, a brief review of the legislative process of China's civil judicial identification system, then the existence of the civil judicial appraisal system problems are summarized. One is the problems existed in current management evaluation is expounded, including the right of management is not perfect, the grass-roots court and the parties can not be guaranteed the right to choose appraisal institutions; lack of accountability and appraisal institutions appraisal institution rating system has not been determined. The conclusions of the effectiveness of not identified other issues. Two in the judicial system, there is not enough emphasis on identification of human rights, the appraiser system is hard to get security problems. The three is from the departure from the the court judge function, and the burden of proof of the court arbitrarily started judicial identification principle of existence conflict and the judicial practice, resulting in duplication of identification Flood, increase the parties v.tired three aspects, put forward the judicial identification start right should not be vested in the court. The four is from the inquiry of the expert conclusion form, the appraiser system is difficult to be guaranteed and the judge accepted the appraisal conclusion excessive discretion aspects analysis judicial expertisel, existing authentication problems in the system.
The third chapter is the reconstruction and improvement of management system of judicial expertise in China. The first part introduces the management system of judicial expertise in common law and civil law, summed up the characteristics of foreign forensic management system from it, and then put forward the unified judicial appraisal management rights, establish the quality operation mechanism; system identification center designated by the court to cancel it the establishment of the system; qualification of judicial authentication institutions and improve the responsibility system and appraisal institutions to identify institutions management system was further improved.
The fourth chapter is the reconstruction and improvement of judicial appraiser system in China is introduced in detail in this part. The judicial system of civil law and common law, and then from the identification of human rights and give reasonable through clear legal responsibility and sanction procedures, strictly limited identification can not appear in court, the expert assistant system to improve to improve the judicial concept of judicial appraiser system reconstruction of the two aspects of court system.
The fifth chapter is the improvement and reconstruction of the starting system of judicial appraisal in our country. At the start of judicial appraisal system in Anglo American law system and continental law system are introduced and compared, in the preliminary conception of the second part of this chapter describes how the rights will start the civil judicial appraisal rights of the parties and return to the court filed a re identification restrictions. Further improve the starting procedure of judicial identification.
The sixth chapter is the improvement and reconstruction of confrontation and certification system of judicial expertise in China. In this chapter, in addition to confrontation and certification system of judicial expertise abroad are briefly introduced, mainly from the establishment of material identification card system, refine the conclusion of judicial identification standards, clear judicial authentication conclusion review the basis and in the verdict stated in the adoption of expert conclusion reason four aspects, elaborated the judicial expertisel and certification system in China to improve the practice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9

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本文編號(hào)：1539561