本文關鍵詞： 民事司法鑒定制度 民事司法鑒定管理體制 民事司法鑒定人制度 民事司法鑒定啟動制度 民事司法鑒定質證和認證制度　出處：《吉林大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：事實認定是民事審判的基礎,司法鑒定則是事實認定的有效手段。尤其隨著社會主義法治的發(fā)展,公民法治意識的增強,司法鑒定又被看做當事人了解事實、參與訴訟的權利象征。可見,司法鑒定在司法實踐中起著越來越重要的作用,同時也引起了社會的廣泛關注。在這樣的歷史背景下,《關于司法鑒定管理問題的決定》應運而生,它是我國第一次從管理立法的角度,對司法鑒定制度作了比較全面地規(guī)范,是司法鑒定制度發(fā)展的里程碑。但與此同時,我們也應該看到,我國的司法鑒定制度還很不成熟,在司法鑒定管理體制、司法鑒定人制度、司法鑒定啟動制度以及司法鑒定的質證、認證制度等方面都還存在諸多問題亟待解決。為此,筆者以我國民事鑒定制度為出發(fā)點,從以上幾方面入手,通過對相關理論及實踐的研究,提出一些初步構想,以期對民事司法鑒定制度改革有興趣的同仁有所幫助。 本文共分為六章。 第一章為民事司法鑒定制度概述。在這一部分首先介紹了司法鑒定的概念,然后通過與刑事司法鑒定的橫向比較,得出民事司法鑒定的特征。 第二章為我國民事司法鑒定制度的立法現狀與缺陷。首先,簡要回顧了我國民事司法鑒定制度的立法歷程,然后對我國民事司法鑒定制度存在的問題進行歸納。一是對當前鑒定管理存在的問題進行闡述,包括管理權不完善,基層法院及當事人鑒定機構選擇權無法得到保障；鑒定機構責任制度缺失以及鑒定機構沒有確定評定等級制度,鑒定結論效力無法認定等問題。二是在司法鑒定人制度方面,存在對鑒定人權利重視不夠、鑒定人出庭制度難以得到保障的問題。三是從背離了法院的居中裁判職能、與舉證責任的承擔原則沖突以及司法實踐中存在法院隨意啟動司法鑒定,導致重復鑒定泛濫,增加了當事人的訴累三個方面,提出司法鑒定啟動權不應歸于法院的問題。四是從鑒定結論的質證流于形式、鑒定人出庭制度難以得到保障以及法官采信鑒定結論自由裁量權過大三方面分析司法鑒定質證、認證制度中存在的問題。 第三章為我國司法鑒定管理體制的完善與重構。該部分首先介紹了英美法系和大陸法系的司法鑒定管理體制,從中總結出國外司法鑒定管理體制的特點,然后提出通過統(tǒng)一司法鑒定管理權,建立質量運行機制；取消法院系統(tǒng)鑒定中心委托指定做法；建立司法鑒定機構資質等級制度以及健全鑒定機構責任制度,從而對鑒定機構的管理制度進一步完善。 第四章為我國司法鑒定人制度的完善與重構。本部分詳細了介紹大陸法系和英美法系的司法鑒定人制度,然后從賦予鑒定人合理的權利以及通過明確其法律責任及制裁程序、嚴格限定鑒定人可以不出庭的情況、完善專家輔助人制度來完善司法鑒定人出庭制度兩方面提出司法鑒定人制度重構的構想。 第五章為我國司法鑒定啟動制度的完善與重構。在將英美法系和大陸法系的司法鑒定啟動制度進行介紹及對比后,在本章的第二部分詳細闡述了如何將啟動民事司法鑒定權利歸還當事人和對法院提起重新鑒定的權利進行限制的初步構想,進而完善司法鑒定啟動程序。 第六章為我國司法鑒定質證和認證制度的完善與重構。在本章中,除了簡要介紹國外的司法鑒定質證和認證制度之外,主要從建立鑒定材料質證制度、細化司法鑒定結論認證的標準、明確司法鑒定結論進行審查的依據以及在判決書中載明采納鑒定結論的理由四個方面,詳細闡述了我國司法鑒定質證和認證制度的完善的做法。
[Abstract]:The fact is the basis of civil justice and judicial identification is the effective means of the facts. Especially with the development of the socialist rule of law, strengthen the citizen consciousness of the rule of law, judicial expertise is also regarded as the parties understand the facts involved in litigation rights symbol. Obviously, the judicial identification plays an increasingly important role in the judicial practice, at the same time attracted wide attention of the society. In this background, < > decision on the management of judicial authentication came into being, it is the first time in our country from the perspective of legislation management, the system of judicial identification was compared comprehensively, is the development of milepost of judicial identification system. But at the same time, we should also see and our judicial system is not mature, in the management system of judicial expertise, judicial system, judicial identification system and start questioning the judicial identification certification system, etc. There are still many problems to be solved. Therefore, according to China's civil identification system as the starting point, starting from the above aspects, through the study of theory and practice, puts forward some preliminary conception, in order to have an interest in the reform of civil judicial system help colleagues.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the civil judicial expertise system. In this part, the concept of forensic expertise is first introduced, and then the characteristics of civil judicial expertise are obtained through horizontal comparison with forensic expertise.
The second chapter is the legislative status and defects of China's civil judicial appraisal system. Firstly, a brief review of the legislative process of China's civil judicial identification system, then the existence of the civil judicial appraisal system problems are summarized. One is the problems existed in current management evaluation is expounded, including the right of management is not perfect, the grass-roots court and the parties can not be guaranteed the right to choose appraisal institutions; lack of accountability and appraisal institutions appraisal institution rating system has not been determined. The conclusions of the effectiveness of not identified other issues. Two in the judicial system, there is not enough emphasis on identification of human rights, the appraiser system is hard to get security problems. The three is from the departure from the the court judge function, and the burden of proof of the court arbitrarily started judicial identification principle of existence conflict and the judicial practice, resulting in duplication of identification Flood, increase the parties v.tired three aspects, put forward the judicial identification start right should not be vested in the court. The four is from the inquiry of the expert conclusion form, the appraiser system is difficult to be guaranteed and the judge accepted the appraisal conclusion excessive discretion aspects analysis judicial expertisel, existing authentication problems in the system.
The third chapter is the reconstruction and improvement of management system of judicial expertise in China. The first part introduces the management system of judicial expertise in common law and civil law, summed up the characteristics of foreign forensic management system from it, and then put forward the unified judicial appraisal management rights, establish the quality operation mechanism; system identification center designated by the court to cancel it the establishment of the system; qualification of judicial authentication institutions and improve the responsibility system and appraisal institutions to identify institutions management system was further improved.
The fourth chapter is the reconstruction and improvement of judicial appraiser system in China is introduced in detail in this part. The judicial system of civil law and common law, and then from the identification of human rights and give reasonable through clear legal responsibility and sanction procedures, strictly limited identification can not appear in court, the expert assistant system to improve to improve the judicial concept of judicial appraiser system reconstruction of the two aspects of court system.
The fifth chapter is the improvement and reconstruction of the starting system of judicial appraisal in our country. At the start of judicial appraisal system in Anglo American law system and continental law system are introduced and compared, in the preliminary conception of the second part of this chapter describes how the rights will start the civil judicial appraisal rights of the parties and return to the court filed a re identification restrictions. Further improve the starting procedure of judicial identification.
The sixth chapter is the improvement and reconstruction of confrontation and certification system of judicial expertise in China. In this chapter, in addition to confrontation and certification system of judicial expertise abroad are briefly introduced, mainly from the establishment of material identification card system, refine the conclusion of judicial identification standards, clear judicial authentication conclusion review the basis and in the verdict stated in the adoption of expert conclusion reason four aspects, elaborated the judicial expertisel and certification system in China to improve the practice.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D918.9

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本文編號：1539561