本文關(guān)鍵詞：偽造指紋的識(shí)別方法研究　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 偽造指紋 微觀特征 宏觀特征 識(shí)別方法 指紋自動(dòng)識(shí)別

【摘要】：指紋具有“人各不同，終身不變”的特性，因而被人們廣泛地應(yīng)用于人身識(shí)別之中，無論是刑事案件、民事案件，還是社會(huì)活動(dòng)的其他方面，大到國家軍事領(lǐng)域，小到身份證的網(wǎng)絡(luò)核查等。近些年來，一些不法分子也利用指紋與人身識(shí)別間的這種關(guān)聯(lián)來達(dá)到其違法犯罪的目的，他們通過偽造指紋以達(dá)到破壞物證、擾亂警方偵查視線、逃避打擊或非法獲取利益，甚至嫁禍他人的目的。 指紋的特性被充分而廣泛的應(yīng)用于當(dāng)今社會(huì)，有的情況可能意味著金錢，有的情況可能意味著非常重要的商業(yè)信息，有的情況可能意味著犯罪分子的“一線生機(jī)”。因此，隨著指紋在社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域被充分利用的同時(shí)，犯罪分子也同樣嗅到了這其中的利益氣息。偽造指紋是人類知識(shí)水平普遍提高和犯罪分子反偵查能力不斷攀升、犯罪手段多樣化的必然結(jié)果。那么如何識(shí)別偽造指紋？這也就成了偵查部門和鑒定者在新時(shí)期遇到的新難題，也是刑事科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展過程中所面臨的重大課題，這不僅是實(shí)務(wù)界需要直視的重點(diǎn)問題，也是理論界對完善指紋理論體系所必須研究的一個(gè)方面。因此，，研究偽造指紋的種類、識(shí)別方法顯得十分必要和迫切。本文中對偽造指紋的識(shí)別方法進(jìn)行了一定的研究，希望能起到拋磚引玉的作用，使這個(gè)論題可以引起司法理論界與實(shí)務(wù)界同仁的關(guān)注，并通過大家的共同努力解決好這個(gè)新時(shí)代背景下遇到的新問題，讓犯罪分子無可乘之機(jī)。 本文的第一部分論述了指紋識(shí)別技術(shù)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用，以及指紋識(shí)別技術(shù)為這些個(gè)領(lǐng)域帶來的改變和進(jìn)步，同時(shí)說明指紋識(shí)別與許多信息和利益的相關(guān)性。另一方面，犯罪分子受利益的驅(qū)使，其犯罪手段也逐步趨向高智商化，他們越來越多地通過偽造指紋的手段來獲取重要的信息、非法利益以及逃避警方的打擊等。由以上論述說明研究偽造指紋重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)及理論意義；文章的第二部分主要探討偽造指紋的內(nèi)涵及其分類。根據(jù)對刑法中有關(guān)“偽造”概念的理解，對本文中的“偽造指紋”加以分析，進(jìn)行了主體的完善、內(nèi)容的擴(kuò)充，得出了“偽造指紋”的定義并且基于對偽造指紋內(nèi)涵的分析確定了偽造指紋的分類，將其分為直接偽造指紋和間接偽造指紋兩大類別；筆者在文章的第三部分主要論述了幾種常見偽造指紋的識(shí)別方法，也是本文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。筆者按照前文偽造指紋的分類，對幾種偽造指紋的偽造方法進(jìn)行了分析，并按照偽造指紋的特點(diǎn)加以歸納、總結(jié)，由此提出了不同種類的偽造指紋的識(shí)別方法。本文的研究手法主要是：一是分析歸納總結(jié)。即是對目前司法實(shí)踐中遇到的偽造指紋案例和常見的偽造指紋的方法、手段、特點(diǎn)的總結(jié)；二是實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。通過大量實(shí)驗(yàn)，并經(jīng)過仔細(xì)觀察、分析，得出常見偽造指紋的識(shí)別方法。
[Abstract]:Fingerprint has the characteristics of "people are different, life invariant", so it is widely used in personal identification, whether criminal cases, civil cases, or other aspects of social activities. In recent years, some lawless elements also use this kind of association between fingerprint and personal identification to achieve their criminal purpose. They use forged fingerprints to destroy physical evidence, disrupt the sight of police investigation, evade the attack or illegal gain, or even frame others. The characteristics of fingerprints are fully and widely used in today's society, some situations may mean money, some situations may mean very important business information. In some cases it may mean the "life of the line" of criminals. Thus, as fingerprints are fully utilized in all spheres of society. Criminals also smell the interests of the atmosphere. Counterfeiting fingerprints is the general level of human knowledge and criminal anti-detection ability to climb. The inevitable result of the diversification of criminal methods. So how to identify forged fingerprints? This has become a new difficult problem encountered by investigation departments and appraisers in the new period, and is also a major subject in the process of the development of criminal science and technology, which is not only the key issue that the practical circles need to look directly at. It is also an aspect that the theoretical circle must study to perfect the fingerprint theory system. The identification method is very necessary and urgent. In this paper, a certain amount of research on the identification method of fake fingerprint is carried out, hoping to play a role in attracting the jade. So that this topic can attract the attention of judicial theorists and practitioners, and solve the new problems in the new era through the joint efforts of everyone, so that criminals have no opportunity. The first part of this paper discusses the wide application of fingerprint identification technology in various fields, as well as the changes and progress that fingerprint identification technology has brought to these fields. On the other hand, the criminals are driven by the interests, their criminal means also gradually tend to high intelligence. More and more of them obtain important information by means of forged fingerprints, illegal interests and escape from the police. The second part of the article mainly discusses the connotation and classification of forged fingerprint. According to the understanding of the concept of "forgery" in the criminal law, the "forged fingerprint" in this article is analyzed and the subject is perfected. With the expansion of the content, the definition of "forged fingerprint" is obtained, and the classification of forged fingerprint is determined based on the analysis of the connotation of forged fingerprint, which is divided into two categories: direct forged fingerprint and indirect forged fingerprint. In the third part of the article, the author mainly discusses several common identification methods of forged fingerprint, which is also the key content of this paper. The author classifies the fingerprint according to the previous forgery. This paper analyzes several forgery methods of forged fingerprint, and sums up and summarizes them according to the characteristics of forged fingerprint. Therefore, different kinds of fake fingerprint identification methods are put forward. The main research techniques of this paper are as follows:. The first is the analysis and summary, that is, the current judicial practice of counterfeit fingerprint cases and common methods of counterfeit fingerprints. Means, characteristics of the summary; The second is experimental verification. Through a large number of experiments and careful observation and analysis, the identification method of common forged fingerprint is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9

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本文編號(hào)：1410961