(1)干旱作為最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害,是當(dāng)前全球面臨的主要自然威脅之一,干旱直接對人類、草地、牲畜、作物產(chǎn)量和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生直接影響。近年來,干旱指標(biāo)研究已成為全球變化研究的熱點(diǎn)。干旱也經(jīng)常與其他自然災(zāi)害聯(lián)系在一起,其發(fā)生范圍廣、持續(xù)時間長,不僅加劇了水資源供需矛盾,還對生態(tài)環(huán)境安全構(gòu)成了威脅,并最終對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。中國是一個干旱多發(fā)國家,旱災(zāi)尤為突出,發(fā)生范圍廣。干旱主要分布在中國北方的西北和東北地區(qū)。青海省地處中國西北內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū)。同樣,蘇丹也是一個旱災(zāi)頻發(fā)國家,干旱主要分布在蘇丹北部,并位于全世界最大的沙漠地區(qū)。而世界上干旱地區(qū)大多分布在亞洲、澳大利亞、非洲、北美和南美的西部地區(qū)。持續(xù)性干旱直接導(dǎo)致空氣濕度和水分下降,影響到人類、牲畜和植物的生存,并對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和自然生態(tài)產(chǎn)生直接影響。(2)本研究對比近53年中國青海省和蘇丹的氣候變化及干旱特征,主要基于SPEI、SPI和Pa氣象干旱指數(shù),研究時段為1961至2013年,同時根據(jù)2001-2013年NDVI變化分析氣候變化對植被造成的影響。此外,本研究還分析了氣候變化對蘇丹和中國青海省草地造成的影響。通過對比青海省和蘇丹...

【文章頁數(shù)】：128 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abbreviations
Glossary
Abstract
摘要
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Advances in meteorological drought index
    1.3 Advances in the study area
    1.4 Study area
        1.4.1 Qinghai Province
        1.4.2 Sudan
    1.5 Materials and methods
        1.5.1 Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
        1.5.2 Standard Precipitation Index (SPI)
        1.5.3 Precipitation anomaly percent (Pa)
        1.5.4 Mann-Kendall test (M-K)
        1.5.5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
            1.5.5.1 Linear trend analysis (slope)
            1.5.5.2 Correlation analysis
    1.6 Layout of working plan
PART TWO: DROUGHT ANALYSIS IN QINGHAI PROVINCE AND SUDAN
    2.1 Drought analysis in Qinghai Province
        2.1.1 Variation of the annual precipitation and temperature
        2.1.2 SPEI and SPI
        2.1.3 Mann-Kendall (M-K) test
        2.1.4 Correlation of the three drought indices with climate factors
        2.1.5 Drought and flood of SPEI and SPI identify the typical drought events
        2.1.6 Drought frequency spatial variation
            2.1.6.1 Annual
            2.1.6.2 Winter
            2.1.6.3 Spring
            2.1.6.4 Summer
            2.1.6.5 Autumn
        2.1.7 Drought trends and mutation detection
        2.1.8 Actual comparison of SPEI and SPI indices in a high drought period
    2.2 Drought analysis in Sudan
        2.2.1 Variation of the annual precipitation and temperature
        2.2.2 SPEI and SPI
        2.2.3 Mann-Kendall (M-K) test
        2.2.4 Correlation of the three drought indices with climate factors
        2.2.5 Drought and flood of SPEI and SPI identify the typical drought events
        2.2.6 Drought frequency spatial variation
            2.2.6.1 Annual
            2.2.6.2 Winter
            2.2.6.3 Summer
            2.2.6.4 Autumn
        2.2.7 Drought trends and mutation detection
        2.2.8 Actual comparison of SPEI and SPI indices in a high drought periods
    2.3 Comparison of drought between two regions
PART THREE: NDVI CHANGING IN QINGHAI PROVINCE AND SUDAN
    3.1 NDVI change in Qinghai Province
        3.1.1 Vegetation cover of monthly time scale
        3.1.2 The spatial distribution of vegetation cover
        3.1.3 Spatial variation of vegetation cover
            3.1.3.1 Annual
            3.1.3.2 Seasonal
        3.1.4 Relationship between vegetation cover and climate factors
        3.1.5 Correlation of NDV with climate factors
        3.1.6 Correlation of NDVI with three drought indices
    3.2 NDVI change in Sudan
        3.2.1 Vegetation cover of monthly time scale
        3.2.2 The spatial distribution of vegetation cover
        3.2.3 Spatial variation of vegetation cover
            3.2.3.1 Annual
            3.2.3.2 Seasonal
        3.2.4 Relationship between vegetation cover and climate factors
        3.2.5 Correlation of NDV with climate factors
        3.2.6 Correlation of NDVI with three drought indices
    3.3 Comparison of NDVI between two regions
PART FOUR: INFLUENCES OF DROUGHT IN THE TWO REGIONS
    4.1 Influences of drought in Qinghai Province
        4.1.1 Human being
        4.1.2 Agricultural yield
        4.1.3 Grassland and livestock
        4.1.4 Gross Domestic product (GDP)
    4.2 Influences of drought in Sudan
        4.2.1 Human being
        4.2.2 Agricultural yield
        4.2.3 Grassland and livestock
        4.2.4 Gross Domestic product (GDP)
    4.3 Comparison the Influence of droughts between two regions
    4.4 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in two regions
        4.4.1 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in Qinghai Province
        4.4.2 The effort made to adaptation and mitigation in Sudan
PART FIVE: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSTION
    5.1 The main conclusions
    5.2 Recommendations
Notes
References
Acknowledgements
作者簡介



本文編號：3970269