硝酸鹽污染已成為全球主要的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。近幾年,河岸濕地被認(rèn)為是潛在的水質(zhì)凈化系統(tǒng)。隨著人為和自然硝酸鹽負(fù)荷的增加,河岸濕地的CO2、CH4、N2O的通量會(huì)發(fā)生變化,進(jìn)而影響溫室氣體平衡。本研究從有富氮徑流匯入的河岸濕地采集了不同的土壤樣本,研究了不同樣本硝酸鹽去除以及溫室氣體排放的差異,探討了土壤理化因子對(duì)受納水體硝酸鹽的去除以及向大氣排放溫室氣體的影響。具體而言,本研究旨在（�。┐_定含氮河岸濕地不同植被類(lèi)型場(chǎng)地采集的原狀土壤柱硝酸鹽去除和N2O排放的空間變化和過(guò)程,（ⅱ）測(cè)定連續(xù)輸入硝酸鹽溶液的完整河岸濕地土壤柱的溫室氣體排放,以及（ⅲ）評(píng)估水位波動(dòng)和硝酸鹽濃度水平對(duì)土壤表面和河岸淡水濕地CO2和CH4氣體排放的影響。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,以不同植物種類(lèi)采集的原狀土壤柱（小葉章、蘆葦、鼓囊苔草和漂筏苔草）,進(jìn)行富硝酸鹽水處理,模擬地表水和地下水通過(guò)土壤,土柱被置于不同的水位（高于土壤表面5cm,低于土壤水面10cm,低于土壤水面-20cm）和不同的硝酸鹽濃度水平。同時(shí)收集水和氣體樣本,分別用于硝酸鹽、銨根離子、CO2、CH4和N2O的分析。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤柱從入口到出口的濃度顯著降低。近98... 

【文章來(lái)源】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)黑龍江省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：139 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
List of acronyms
Abstract
摘要
1 Introduction
    1.1 Research background
    1.2 Literature review
        1.2.1 Nitrate pollution
        1.2.2 Source of NO_3 pollution
        1.2.3 Attenuation of NO_3 in the riparian wetlands
        1.2.4 Processes associated with NO_3 removal in riparian wetlands
        1.2.5 Main GHG species and their abundances in the atmosphere
        1.2.6 Greenhouse gas emissions from wetland soil
        1.2.7 Factors influencing NO_3 removal and GHG emissions from the soil
    1.3 Research goaland objectives
    1.4 Justification of the study
    1.5 Thesis Outline
2 Materials and Methods
    2.1 Description of the study area
    2.2 Field soil sampling procedure
    2.3 Laboratory soil analysis
    2.4 Laboratory experimental designs
    2.5 Gas sampling and analysis
3 Spatial variability and processes involved in NO_3 removal in intact soilcolumns collected from nitrogenous loaded riparian wetland,Northeast China 25
    3.1 introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Soil sampling
        3.2.2 Laboratory experiment setup
        3.2.3 Water sampling
    3.3 Statistical analyses
    3.4 Results
        3.4.1 Soil characteristics
        3.4.2 Reduction of NO_3 in different soil depth
        3.4.3 Temporal variation of NO_3 concentration in different soil depth
    3.5 Discussion
        3.5.1 Soil characteristics
        3.5.2 Processes involved in NO_3 removal and NH_4~+ production in wetland soil
        3.5.3 Spatial dynamics of NO_3 removal in wetland soil
4 Greenhouse gas emissions from intact riparian wetland soil columnscontinuously loaded with nitrate solution:a laboratory microcosm study
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1Study site and sampling procedure
        4.2.2 Experiment setup and measurement methods
        4.2.3 Gas sampling
        4.2.4 Water sampling
        4.2.5 Global warming potential (GWP)
    4.3 Statistical analyses
    4.4 Results
        4.4.1 Nitrate concentration in soil water
        4.4.2 Gas emission from intact soil columns
        4.4.3 Globalwarming potential (GWP)
    4.5 Discussion
        4.5.1 Nitrate concentration in soil water
        4.5.2 Greenhouse gases fluxes from soilcolumn
        4.5.3 Global warming potential (GWP)
5 Effect of water level fluctuation and nitrate concentration on soil-surface CO_2,CH4 and N_2O emissions from riparian freshwater marsh wetland
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and methods
        5.2.1 Study area
        5.2.2 Soil sampling
        5.2.3 Laboratory experiment setup and measurement methods
        5.2.4 Measurements of CO_2, CH4 and N_2O fluxes
    5.3 Data analysis
    5.4 Results
        5.4.1 Carbon dioxide emission at different water levels
        5.4.2 Carbon dioxide emission at different NO_3~- concentration levels
        5.4.3 Methane fluxes at different water levels
        5.4.4 Methane fluxes at different NO_3~- concentration levels
        5.4.5 Effect of water table level and NO_3~- concentration levels on N_2O fluxes
        5.4.6 Relationships between GHGs fluxes and soil environmental variables
    5.5 Discussion
        5.5.1 Natural CO_2 emission in comparison with other studies
        5.5.2 Influence of water level on CO_2 emission
        5.5.3 Influence of NO_3~- concentration on CO_2 emission
        5.5.4 Influence of water level on CH_4 fluxes
        5.5.5 Influence of NO_3~- concentration on CH4 fluxes
        5.5.6 Effect of water level fluctuation and NO_3~- concentration levels on N_2O fluxes
        5.5.7 Relationships between GHGs fluxes and soil environmental variables
6 Syntheses and conclusion
    6.1 Overview
    6.2 Further research
7 References
Papers published during the Ph.D study period
Acknowledgements


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]基于GIS的華北高產(chǎn)糧區(qū)地下水硝態(tài)氮含量時(shí)空變異特征[J]. 陳淑峰,李帷,胡克林,吳文良,褚兆輝,毛文峰.  環(huán)境科學(xué). 2009(12)
[2]河北平原地下水質(zhì)變及農(nóng)藥化肥施用量變化影響[J]. 張光輝,劉中培,連英立,嚴(yán)明疆,王金哲.  南水北調(diào)與水利科技. 2009(02)
[3]1954年以來(lái)三江平原土地利用變化及驅(qū)動(dòng)力[J]. 宋開(kāi)山,劉殿偉,王宗明,張柏,金翠,李方,劉煥軍.  地理學(xué)報(bào). 2008(01)
[4]三江平原典型濕地流域水文情勢(shì)變化過(guò)程及其影響因素分析[J]. 劉紅玉,李兆富.  自然資源學(xué)報(bào). 2005(04)
[5]Spatial and Temporal Variability of N, P and K Balances for Agroecosystems in China[J]. SHEN Run-Ping1,2, SUN Bo1,2 and ZHAO Qi-Guo1 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China). Department of Spatial Information Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 (China).  Pedosphere. 2005(03)
[6]Fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane from swamp and impact factors in Sanjiang Plain,China[J]. SONG Changchun1,2, YAN Baixing1, WANG Yuesi2, WANG Yiyong1, LOU Yanjing1 & ZHAO Zhichun1 1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China; 2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Correspondence should be addressed to Song Changchun (e-mail: Songcc@mail.neigae.ac.cn).  Chinese Science Bulletin. 2003(24)



本文編號(hào)：3459663