植物多糖是天然的,功能強(qiáng)大的,無細(xì)胞毒性的化合物,越來越多地被用作傳統(tǒng)藥物的替代品,用來減少因氧化應(yīng)激所導(dǎo)致的慢性疾病。但是,由于大多數(shù)提取方法會使多糖遭到一定程度的破壞,從而影響其生物活性,因此在提取過程中提高其提取率和生物活性仍然是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。因此,一種利用多頻超聲輔助醇/鹽水溶液兩相萃取技術(shù)被開發(fā)和探索以用來提取和純化黃芪和香菇多糖,其主要目的是提高產(chǎn)量并增強(qiáng)其抗氧化能力。通過以下方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo):（i）選擇合適的雙水相體系作為提取和純化體系。（ii）通過響應(yīng)面法優(yōu)化提取參數(shù),以提高多頻超聲中兩相提取的性能。（iii）在脫鹽過程中使用不同時(shí)間的超聲波（10分鐘,20分鐘和30分鐘）,使富含多糖和鹽的底部相達(dá)到脫鹽并純化多糖的目的。最后,對脫鹽提取物的理化,微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和體外抗氧化能力進(jìn)行了研究。主要結(jié)果和內(nèi)容如下:1.雙頻超聲輔助乙醇/鹽雙水相萃取黃芪多糖的研究。本課題研究了雙頻超聲輔助乙醇/鹽雙水相對黃芪多糖（APS）的萃取率和脫鹽率的影響,并研究了其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和抗氧化性能的影響。將提取物脫鹽10(APS₁₀),20(APS₂₀)和30(APS... 

【文章來源】：江蘇大學(xué)江蘇省

【文章頁數(shù)】：124 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
摘要
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
    1.1 General background
    1.2 Astragalus membranaceus
        1.2.1 Composition
        1.2.2 Health-related properties
    1.3 Lentinus edodes
        1.3.1 Composition
        1.3.2 Health-related properties
    1.4 Extraction of polysaccharides
    1.5 Conventional polysaccharide extraction methods
        1.5.1 Hot water extraction
        1.5.2 Reflux extraction
        1.5.3 Complex enzyme hydrolysis method
    1.6 Novel polysaccharide extraction methods
        1.6.1 Ultrasound-assisted extraction
            1.6.1.1 Multi-frequency ultrasound
        1.6.2 Subcritical water extraction(SWE)
        1.6.3 Microwave-assisted extraction(MAE)
        1.6.4 Enzyme assisted extraction(EAE)
        1.6.5 Aqueous two-phase system
            1.6.5.1 Alcohol/salt ATPS
    1.7 Traditional deproteinization methods of polysaccharides
        1.7.1 Sevag Method
        1.7.2 Trichloroacetic acid method(TCA)
        1.7.3 NaCl method
        1.7.4 Calcium chloride method
    1.8 Traditional purification methods
        1.8.1 Column Chromatography
        1.8.2 High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)
        1.8.3 Gas Chromatography
        1.8.4 Ethanol graded precipitation
    1.9 Significance and Justification of the study
    1.10 Specific objectives
CHAPTER 2 DUAL-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED ALCOHOL/SALT AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF ASTRAGALUS POLYSACCHARIDES
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Materials and chemicals
        2.2.2 Plant material preparation
        2.2.3 Pre-treatment of Astragalus root powder
        2.2.4 Phase diagram
        2.2.5 Selection of ethanol/salt ATPS
        2.2.6 Dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction(DFu-AATPE) ..
        2.2.7 Conventinal extraction experiments
        2.2.8 Response surface methodology
        2.2.9 Desalination
        2.2.10 Thermodynamics
        2.2.11 Chemical analysis
        2.2.12 Structural Analysis
            2.2.12.1 Monosaccharide Composition
            2.2.12.2 Molecular Weight
            2.2.12.3 Morphological structure of polysaccharides
        2.2.13 Spectral analysis
            2.2.13.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
            2.2.13.2 Ultra-Violet Scanning
        2.2.14 Radical scavenging activity assays
            2.2.14.1 Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity
            2.2.14.2 DPPH radical scavenging activity
        2.2.15 Statistical analysis
    2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        2.3.1 Phase diagram
        2.3.2 Selection of ATPS
            2.3.2.1 Effect of salt concentration on the partition coefficient of APS in ATPS
            2.3.2.2 Effect of ethanol concentration on the partition coefficient of APS in ATPS
            2.3.2.3 Effect of temperature on the partition coefficient of APS in ATPS
        2.3.3 Single-factor experiments on DFu-AATPE
            2.3.3.1 Effect of temperature on APS yield
            2.3.3.2 Effect of dual-frequency ultrasound on APS yield
            2.3.3.3 Effect of(NH4)2SO4 concentration on APS yield
            2.3.3.4 Effect of Ethanol addition on APS yield
            2.3.3.5 Effect of ultrasound power on APS yield
            2.3.3.6 Effect of extraction time on APS yield
        2.3.4 Optimization
            2.3.4.1 Model fitting
            2.3.4.2 Response Surface Analysis
            2.3.4.3 Validation of the model
        2.3.5 Primary Characterization of APS polysaccharides
            2.3.5.1 Carbohydrate content
            2.3.5.2 Residual rate of protein after extraction and purification
        2.3.6 Thermodynamics
        2.3.7 Desalination
        2.3.8 Structural composition
            2.3.8.1 Monosaccharide Composition
            2.3.8.2 Molecular weight determination(HPGPC)
            2.3.8.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy
        2.3.9 Spectral analysis
            2.3.9.1 Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy
            2.3.9.2 UV-Vis analysis
        2.3.10 Anti-radical activities
            2.3.10.1 Hydroxyl scavenging activity
            2.3.10.2 DPPH scavenging assay
        2.3.11 Mechanism of DFu-AATPE of Astragalus polysaccharides
        2.3.12 Comparison with other extraction techniques
    2.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 SYNERGIZED SUBCRITICAL-ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE EXTRACTION,PURIFICATION,AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LENTINUS EDODES POLYSACCHARIDES
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.2.1 Chemicals and reagents
        3.2.2 Plant material and pretreatment
        3.2.3 Subcritical water extraction
        3.2.4 Purification
        3.2.5 Comparison of Extraction methods
        3.2.6 Response Surface Methodology
        3.2.7 Ultrasound-assisted desalination
        3.2.8 Chemical Composition of LEPs
        3.2.9 Structural characterization
            3.2.9.1 Monosaccharide Composition
            3.2.9.2 Molecular Weight determination
            3.2.9.3 Congo red
            3.2.9.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy
        3.2.10 Spectral analysis
            3.2.10.1 Fourier Transform IR spectrophotometer(FT-IR) analysis
            3.2.10.2 UV-vis analysis
        3.2.11 Radical scavenging activity assays
            3.2.11.1 2.2-diphenyl;-1 picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging activity
            3.2.11.2 Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity
            3.2.11.3 2 2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) ABTS Scavenging activity
        3.2.12 Statistical analysis
    3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        3.3.1 Yield of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides
        3.3.2 Optimization
            3.3.2.1 Model fitting
            3.3.2.2 Effect of independent variables on the LEP yield
            3.3.2.3 Model Verification
        3.3.3 Mechanism of Multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction(MFU-AATPE)of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides
        3.3.4 Chemical composition
        3.3.5 Desalination
        3.3.6 Structural Analysis
            3.3.6.1 Monosaccharide Composition
            3.3.6.2 Molecular weight
            3.3.6.3 Congo red
            3.3.6.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)
        3.3.7 Spectral analysis
            3.3.7.1.Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)
            3.3.7.2.Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis
        3.3.8 Radical Scavenging Activity Assays
            3.3.8.1 2.2-diphenyl;-1 picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activity
            3.3.8.2 Hydroxyl scavenging activity
            3.3.8.3 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid)ABTS scavenging activity
        3.3.9 Comparison with other extraction techniques
    3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
    4.1 General Conclusion
    4.2 Novelty
    4.3 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDIX


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