冰川表面吸收的太陽(yáng)輻射能量由表面反照率確定。因此反照率在調(diào)節(jié)冰川的熱量平衡中扮演了重要角色。由于全球氣候變化,全世界的冰川和冰帽的物質(zhì)損失速率持續(xù)加快。山岳冰川雖然大約占地球總冰量3%,冰川融化對(duì)海平面上升有重要貢獻(xiàn)。全球范圍內(nèi)冰川變化將對(duì)氣候和海平面產(chǎn)生影響,因此定量監(jiān)測(cè)冰川變化對(duì)了解氣候變化具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。太陽(yáng)輻射是最主要的熱量來(lái)源,是冰川退縮的主要原因。最近的研究表明,喀喇昆侖山脈的冰川因氣候變化和人為活動(dòng)而融化,部分人為活動(dòng)使冰川變黑,也成為冰川退縮的原因之一。當(dāng)反照率減小時(shí),冰川的表面融化極有可能發(fā)生。過(guò)去的數(shù)項(xiàng)研究估算了世界各地冰川表面反照率的時(shí)空變化,但是很少有研究關(guān)注喀喇昆侖山區(qū)冰川的反照率變化。因此有必要了解整個(gè)喀喇昆侖地區(qū)的地表反照率（估算冰川表面融化的必要條件）的時(shí)空變化。本文首次全面研究并討論了該地區(qū)和整個(gè)巴基斯坦喀喇昆侖冰川地區(qū)主要冰川的夏季反照率的變化情況。本研究的主要目的是評(píng)估巴基斯坦喀喇昆侖山冰川在2000-2018年夏季（6月,7月和8月）地表反照率的時(shí)空變化。使用中分辨率成像光譜儀（MODIS）數(shù)據(jù)估算冰川表面反照率。并結(jié)合了MODIS Terr... 

【文章來(lái)源】：南京大學(xué)江蘇省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：88 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Albedo
    1.2 Factors Controlling Surface Albedo
        1.2.1 Cloud Cover
        1.2.2 Solar Zenith Angle(SZA)
        1.2.3 Snow Grain Size
        1.2.4 Meteorological factors
        1.2.5 Anthropogenic Activities
    1.3 Literature Review
        1.3.1 Glacier Albedo
        1.3.2 MODIS-Observed Glacier Albedo
    1.4 Aim of the Research
CHAPTER TWO DATA AND METHODS
    2.1 Study Area
        2.1.1 Geographic location
        2.1.2 Geological Setting and Geomorphology
        2.1.3 Climate
        2.1.4 Hydrology and glaciers
    2.2Data
        2.2.1 MODIS Daily Snow Product(MOD10A1/MYD10A1)
        2.2.2 Climate Data
        2.2.3 Digital Elevation Model
    2.3 Methods
        2.3.1 MODIS Data Processing Scheme
        2.3.2 Clouds Elemination
CHAPTER THREE GLACIER ALBEDO VARIATIONS
    3.1 Glacier surface albedo variations
    3.2 Trend of the glacier surface albedo variation
    3.3 Albedo difference between2000 and2018
    3.4 Albedo Variations with Elevation
    3.5 Siachen Glacier
        3.5.1 Interannual variation at Siachen Glacier
        3.5.2 Albedo change between2000 and2018
        3.5.3 Albedo trend with increasing elevation
    3.6 Baltoro Glacier
        3.6.1 Interannual albedo variations at Baltoro glacier
        3.6.2 Albedo Change between2000 and2018
        3.6.3 Albedo trend with elevation
    3.7 Biafo Glacier
        3.7.1 Interannual albedo variations at Biafo glacier
        3.7.2 Albedo change between2000 and2018
        3.7.3 Albedo variation with elevation
    3.8 Hispar Glacier
        3.8.1 Interannual albedo variations at Hispar glacier
        3.8.2 Albedo change between2000 and2018
        3.8.3 Albedo trend with elevation
    3.9 Panmah Glacier
        3.9.1 Interannual variations in albedo at Panmah glacier
        3.9.2 Albedo change between2000 and2018
        3.9.3 Albedo trend with elevation
CHAPTER FOUR POTENTIAL CAUSES FOR ALBEDO VARIATION
    4.1 Climatic Factors
    4.2 Other factors influencing surface albedo
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



本文編號(hào)：3200397