【摘要】：目的：了解哮喘兒童家庭管理、韌性、生命質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀：分析一般人口學特征對哮喘兒童家庭管理、韌性及生命質(zhì)量的影響因素；探討家庭管理與韌性、生命質(zhì)量關(guān)系。方法：采用便利抽樣法,選取兩所三級甲等醫(yī)院156名確診為哮喘疾病的兒童進行問卷測試。研究工具有：一般情況調(diào)查表、慢性病兒童家庭管理量表、慢性病兒童韌性量表、哮喘兒童生命質(zhì)量量表；其中針對2～6歲哮喘兒童采用PedsQLTM哮喘特異性家長代評量表,7-17歲哮喘兒童采用哮喘兒童中文版生命質(zhì)量問卷。運用EPIDATA3.0l軟件進行錄入,利用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行整理、分析。采用百分率、均數(shù)、標準差、t檢驗、ANOVA單因素分析及Pearson相關(guān)分析、多元回歸分析法進行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果：1.哮喘兒童家庭的一般情況本次調(diào)查的哮喘兒童家庭居住地一半在城市,父母的學歷大專以上居多。職業(yè)情況中臨時工作的占58.7%,具有正式工作的只占24.7%；教養(yǎng)方式中家庭對哮喘兒童的管教方式專制的占少數(shù)；大部分家庭都沒有養(yǎng)寵物及花草,但是在吸煙情況中50.6%的家長有在家中吸煙的情況；而疾病了解情況中對疾病了解的占30.1%,比較了解占45.5%,不了解的占24.4%。2.哮喘兒童一般情況本次參與調(diào)查的哮喘兒童共156人,平均年齡為7.824±3.2,其中2～6歲哮喘兒童有51人占32.7%,7～17歲有105人占67.3%。男生所占比例多于女生；病程小于一年的占34.0%,1至3年的占39.7%,大于3年的占26.3%；多半兒童都能夠定期復查。3.哮喘兒童家庭管理現(xiàn)狀及單因素分析哮喘兒童家庭管理平均得分為(3.39±0.28),處于中等水平,其中年齡、家庭所在地、父母文化程度、照顧者職業(yè)狀況、教養(yǎng)方式、家居環(huán)境中的寵物因素、定期復診、疾病了解情況差異具有統(tǒng)計意義(p0.05)；病程與家居環(huán)境中的花草和吸煙情況無統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.05)。4.哮喘兒童韌性現(xiàn)狀及單因素分析哮喘兒童韌性平均得分為(2.74±0.29),處于中等水平,其中年齡、家庭所在地、父母文化程度、照顧者職業(yè)狀況、教養(yǎng)方式、病程、定期復診、疾病了解情況差異具有統(tǒng)計意義(p0.05)：家居環(huán)境無統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.05)5.哮喘兒童生命質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀及單因素分析2～6歲哮喘兒童生命質(zhì)量平均分數(shù)為(3.294±0.32),處于中等水平。其中家庭所在地、定期復診、病程、疾病了解情況差異具有統(tǒng)計意義(p0.05)；性別、父母文化程度、照顧者職業(yè)狀況、教養(yǎng)方式、家居環(huán)境均無統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.05)。7～17歲哮喘兒童生命質(zhì)量平均分數(shù)為(5.38±0.75),處于中上等水平。其中家庭所在地、父母學歷、照顧者職業(yè)狀況、教育方式、定期復診、疾病了解情況差異具有統(tǒng)計意義(p0.05)；性別、病程、家居環(huán)境均無統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.05)。6.哮喘兒童家庭管理與韌性、生命質(zhì)量的關(guān)系研究哮喘兒童家庭管理與韌性、生命質(zhì)量存在顯著相關(guān)性。哮喘兒童家庭管理與韌性呈顯著正相關(guān)：哮喘兒童家庭管理與生命質(zhì)量呈顯著正相關(guān)。哮喘兒童韌性和生命質(zhì)量呈顯著正相關(guān)。7.哮喘兒童家庭管理與韌性、生命質(zhì)量的回歸分析家庭管理和韌性對哮喘兒童生命質(zhì)量有正向預測作用。結(jié)論：哮喘兒童家庭管理、韌性、生命質(zhì)量總體來說處于中等水平；家庭管理與韌性均對生命質(zhì)量有影響,其中家庭管理對生命質(zhì)量的聯(lián)系更為密切。家庭管理與韌性、生命質(zhì)量之間存在相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:Objective: To understand the status of family management, resilience and quality of life in asthmatic children: To analyze the influencing factors of general demographic characteristics on family management, resilience and quality of life in asthmatic children, and to explore the relationship between family management and resilience and quality of life. The children with asthma were tested by questionnaire. The research tools included: general condition questionnaire, chronic disease children's family management scale, chronic disease children's resilience scale, asthma children's quality of life scale; PedsQLTM asthma-specific parent rating scale was used for children with asthma aged 2-6 years, and Chinese version of asthma children's life scale was used for children aged 7-17 years. Quality Questionnaire. EPIDATA3.0l software was used to input, and SPSS17.0 statistical software was used to collate and analyze. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA single factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the statistical analysis. Results: 1. The general situation of asthmatic children's families in this survey. Half of the households were in cities, with 58.7% of the parents working temporarily and 24.7% having formal jobs; a few were brought up with autocratic parenting styles for asthmatic children; most families had no pets or flowers, but 50.6% of the parents smoked at home. Smoking status; and disease awareness of disease awareness accounted for 30.1%, 45.5% of the comparative understanding, 24.4% of the unknown. 2. Asthma children in this survey of 156 children with asthma, the average age was 7.824 + 3.2, of which 51 children aged 2-6 years old asthma accounted for 32.7%, 7-17 years old 105 people accounted for 67.3%. The average score of asthmatic children's family management and univariate analysis was (3.39 0.28). The average score of asthmatic children's family management was (3.39 0.28), which was in the middle level, including age, family location, parents'educational level and caregiver's position. Occupational status, parenting style, pet factors in the home environment, regular follow-up visits, the difference in disease understanding was statistically significant (p0.05); the course of disease and the home environment of flowers and tobacco smoking were not statistically significant (p0.05). 4. asthmatic children's resilience status and univariate analysis of the average score of children with asthma resilience was (2.74 + 0.29), in moderate water. Among them, age, family location, parents'educational level, caregivers' occupational status, parenting style, course of disease, regular follow-up visits, the difference of disease understanding was statistically significant (p0.05): There was no statistical significance in the home environment (p0.05). 5. Asthma children's quality of life status and univariate analysis 2-6 years old asthmatic children's quality of life average score was (3.294). There was no significant difference in sex, parental education, caregivers'occupational status, parental rearing style, and home environment (p0.05). the average score of life quality of asthmatic children aged 7-17 years old was (5.38 + 0.75), which was in the middle and upper class. Among them, family location, parental education, caregivers'occupational status, education, regular follow-up visits, disease awareness were statistically significant (p0.05); gender, course of disease, home environment were not statistically significant (p0.05). 6. asthmatic children's family management and resilience, quality of life relationship between asthmatic children's family management and resilience, health There was a significant positive correlation between family management and resilience in asthmatic children. There was a significant positive correlation between family management and quality of life in asthmatic children. Conclusion: Family management, resilience and quality of life of asthmatic children are in the middle level on the whole; family management and resilience have influence on the quality of life, and family management is more closely related to the quality of life.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R473.2

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