本文選題：民主集中制　切入點：全國人民代表大大會　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人民代表大會制度作為我國根本政治制度,是人民當(dāng)家做主的重要制度保障,以其代表的廣泛性及選舉的真實性成為人民民主的重要實現(xiàn)形式。人民代表大會作為憲法規(guī)定的國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān),是這一制度的運行載體及最終實現(xiàn)形式。人民代表大會的運作效能直接彰顯這一制度的優(yōu)越性程度。而人民代表大會的組織結(jié)構(gòu)以及內(nèi)外部的權(quán)力關(guān)系能夠直接影響人大制度的運作效能,因此學(xué)界對黨與人大的關(guān)系、人大與“一府兩院”的關(guān)系、人大內(nèi)部制度的監(jiān)督和完善等方面進(jìn)行了廣泛深入的研究。作為國家最高權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的全國人民代表大會,是民意民智的最高集中體現(xiàn)。但是在對整個人大制度進(jìn)行深入研究的同時,學(xué)界對全國人大的會議指導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)—全國人大主席團(tuán)的研究卻一直處于邊緣地位,全國人大主席團(tuán)并未獲得與其職權(quán)相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾�。事實上全國人大主席團(tuán)除了主持人大會議以外,還享有對國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人名單的提名權(quán)、會議議題的審議權(quán)和質(zhì)詢權(quán)等實質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。厘清全國人大主席團(tuán)的運作原理、方式和內(nèi)容,對完善人大制度、推進(jìn)民主政治建設(shè)都大有裨益。因此,本文將試圖對此作出努力,對全國人大主席團(tuán)進(jìn)行比較完整的介紹：會議主席團(tuán)制度并不是中國的首創(chuàng),其實也是“舶來品”——它是蘇俄在具備了民主集中制的理論基礎(chǔ)后,在該理論的指導(dǎo)下率先確立的黨和議會的主席團(tuán)制度,孫中山在國民黨“一大”上最先引用了主席團(tuán)的設(shè)置,而后中國共產(chǎn)黨“四大”也開始設(shè)置主席團(tuán),最后由中國人民政治協(xié)會議第一屆全體會議確立了會議的主席團(tuán)制度；在明晰主席團(tuán)制度的由來之后,處在中國的政治生態(tài)中的全國人大主席團(tuán)經(jīng)過多年的實踐,其產(chǎn)生、構(gòu)成、職權(quán)以及制度安排上的政治意義都打上了中國特色的烙印,對于其運行中存在的“選舉”與“通過”概念混淆而產(chǎn)生的合法性問題、國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的提名權(quán)問題以及在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下運作空間的問題進(jìn)行了初步的討論。
[Abstract]:As the fundamental political system of our country, the people's Congress system is an important system guarantee for the people to be the master of their own country. With its extensive representation and the authenticity of the election, the people's Congress system becomes an important form of realizing people's democracy.As a constitutional organ of state power, the people's Congress is the carrier and ultimate realization of this system.The operating efficiency of the people's Congress directly demonstrates the superiority of this system.The organizational structure of the people's Congress and the internal and external power relations can directly affect the efficiency of the operation of the people's Congress system. Therefore, the academic circles have a direct impact on the relationship between the Party and the people's Congress, the relationship between the people's Congress and the "one government, two houses".The supervision and perfection of the internal system of the National people's Congress (NPC) have been extensively and deeply studied.As the highest organ of state power, the National people's Congress is the highest concentrated embodiment of the people's wisdom.But at the same time, the academic circles have been on the edge of the study of the NPC Presidium, and the NPC Presidium has not been paid much attention to with its functions and powers.As a matter of fact, the NPC Presidium also enjoys substantive powers such as nominating the list of state leaders, deliberating on the topics of the meeting, and asking questions, in addition to the presiding officers' meeting.Clarifying the principles, methods and contents of the NPC Presidium is of great benefit to the improvement of the NPC system and the promotion of democratic political construction.Therefore, this paper will try to make efforts to make a more complete introduction to the NPC Presidium: the Presidium system of the NPC is not the first of its kind in China.In fact, it is also an "imported product"-it is the presidium system of the party and parliament that was first established by Soviet Russia under the guidance of the democratic centralism theory.Sun Zhongshan first cited the presidium at the "first Congress" of the Kuomintang, then the CPC's "fourth Congress" also began to set up a presidium, and at last, the first plenary session of the Chinese people's political Association Conference established the presidium system of the Congress.After clarifying the origin of the presidium system, the NPC Presidium, in China's political ecology, after many years of practice, its emergence, composition, functions and powers, as well as the political significance of the system arrangement, have all been branded with Chinese characteristics.The legitimacy of the concept of "election" and "adoption", the nominating power of the national leaders and the operation space under the leadership of the Party are discussed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D622

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本文編號：1710596