大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merr.]含有豐富的營養(yǎng)成分和許多對有益健康的生物活性物質(zhì),其中大豆皂角苷就是活性物質(zhì)一種。目前一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)超過100余種成分的大豆皂角苷,他們對人有益健康特性是由他們的糖苷配基和糖成分組成影響的。大豆皂角苷能夠改善大豆風(fēng)味和營養(yǎng),因此在大豆?fàn)I養(yǎng)育種上有極大的利用價值。然而,由于其A組皂角苷被認(rèn)為是大豆食品加工中苦澀味的來源,所以育種除掉該成分也是個重要育種目標(biāo)。野生大豆（Glycine soja Sieb.&Zucc.）是栽培大豆的祖先種,含有許多有用的基因和性狀,是大豆育種的重要遺傳資源。大豆Soja亞屬的皂角苷在日本和韓國已經(jīng)被研究,甚至有用的突變體也被應(yīng)用于大豆育種。然而,中國大豆亞屬的皂角苷成分情況仍然不清楚。為此,本研究目的就是（1）鑒定中國大豆亞屬的皂角苷成分和遺傳突變;（2）調(diào)查其遺傳多樣性和地理的分布;（3）測定其含量和（4）了解遺傳變異水平和挖掘有用的基因資源,為將來提高大豆?fàn)I養(yǎng)水平的育種服務(wù)。研究結(jié)果如下:1.使用薄層層析法（TLC）測定了來自中國各地的3805份野生大豆資源。結(jié)果鑒定出24個皂角苷成分,包括4個新發(fā)現(xiàn)的成... 

【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁數(shù)】：121 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
英文縮略表
1 Introduction
    1.1 Soybean saponins
    1.2 Chemical structures of group A saponins and their properties
    1.3 Chemical structures of DDMP saponins and their properties
    1.4 Chemical structures of group α saponins and their properties
    1.5 Biosynthetic genes involved in soybean saponins
    1.6 Utilization of the saponin mutants to the soybean breeding
    1.7 Objective of this study
2 Seed saponin composition in Chinese wild soybeans
    2.1 Objective
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Plant materials and chemicals
        2.2.2 Saponin extraction from seed hypocotyls
        2.2.3 Thin later chromatography (TLC) analysis
        2.2.4 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Saponin composition and phenotypes
        2.3.2 Identification of the novel phenotype Au Ae
        2.3.3 Identification of the novel phenotypes A0 and A0Bc
        2.3.4 Identification of three separate components of group α saponin H-αg, I-αg, and J-αg in different individuals of wild soybeans
        2.3.5 Identification of a high-content group E saponin Bd
    2.4 Discussion
        2.4.1 Saponin compositional phenotypes in seed hypocotyls of Chinese wild soybean accessions
        2.4.2 Possible polygenic mechanism for group α saponin biosynthesis
        2.4.3 The significance of finding a rare, high Bd-accumulating accession
3 Chemical structural analysis of four new unknown saponin components identified in Chinese wild soybeans
    3.1 Objective
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Seed materials and chemicals
        3.2.2 Saponin extraction from seed hypocotyls
        3.2.3 LC-high resolution (HR) MS and MS/MS analyses
        3.2.4 Purification of new saponin A-αg and KA-αg
        3.2.5 Acid hydrolysis of saponin extracts
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Chemical structural analysis of new saponin component K-αg
        3.3.2 Chemical structural analysis of new saponin component HAb-αg
        3.3.3 Resolution of chemical structures of new saponin components KA-αg and A-αg
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Existence of more saponin mutants identified in Chinese wild soybean accessions
        3.4.2 The new saponin biosynthetic gene (Sg-7) controlling to bind an arabinose at the C-22 position of group A saponins
        3.4.3 The denomination principles in the new systematic nomenclature for future findings of new saponin components
4 Analysis of relative saponin concentration in Chinese wild soybeans
    4.1 Objective
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Plant materials
        4.2.2 Sample extraction
        4.2.3 LC-MS analysis
        4.2.4 Determination of soybean saponin concentration
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Effluence time and relative concentration of saponins in seed extracts
        4.3.2 Saponin concentration in seed hypocotyl extracts
        4.3.3 Saponin concentration in seed cotyledon extracts
        4.3.4 Comparison of saponin concentration between G. soja and G. gracilis types
    4.4 Discussion
        4.4.1 The ratios of saponin components in wild soybeans
        4.4.2 There was a possible genetic regulation mechanism for group A expression
        4.4.3 Useful gene resources for soybean breeding from viewpoint of saponin concentration
5 Genetic diversity and differentiation in geographical populations of Chinese wild soybeans
    5.1 Objective
    5.2 Materials and methods
        5.2.1 Plant materials
        5.2.2 Data analysis of diversity
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Frequencies of saponin phenotypes
        5.3.2 Geographical distribution of saponin phenotypes
        5.3.3 Geographically phenotypic diversity (I_p) of saponin composition
        5.3.4 Frequencies and geographical distribution of saponin alleles
        5.3.5 Gene diversity and differentiation of saponin alleles
        5.3.6 Geographically genetic diversity of saponin alleles
        5.3.7 Geographically genetic relationship in Chinese wild soybeans
    5.4 Discussion
        5.4.1 Geographical differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans
        5.4.2 Phenotype distribution and geographical differentiation of saponin composition in East Asian wild soybeans
6 Sequence polymorphism of the Sg-1 gene in Chinese wild soybeans
    6.1 Objective
    6.2 Materials and methods
        6.2.1 Plant materials
        6.2.2 Gene sequence analysis of Sg-1 gene
    6.3 Results
        6.3.1 Sequence polymorphism of the Sg-1 gene
        6.3.2 Diverse mechanisms for A0 type wild soybeans
        6.3.3 Structural feature of the Sg-1 locus
    6.4 Discussion
        6.4.1 Characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of the polymorphic sequences between Sg-1a and Sg-1b alleles
        6.4.2 Diverse mechanisms for A0 type
        6.4.3 Spread and distribution of Sg-1 alleles in Chinese wild soybeans
7 Polymorphisms of saponin composition in Chinese cultivated soybeans
    7.1 Objective
    7.2 Materials and methods
        7.2.1 Plant materials
        7.2.2 Extraction and saponin analyses by TLC and LC-MS
        7.2.3 Geographical regions and character types of seed materials
    7.3 Results
        7.3.1 Saponin composition and phenotypes
        7.3.2 Frequencies and geographical distribution of saponin phenotypes in G. max
        7.3.3 Allelic frequency at Sg-1 locus among different botanically qualitative and quantitative character types in Chinese soybeans
    7.4 Discussion
        7.4.1 Saponin composition with the significance of presence of the group ? saponins in Chinese soybeans
        7.4.2 Alleles for soybean saponins in east Asia
        7.4.3 Accumulation of Sg-1a allele, geographical distribution and origin of soybean…
8 Total discussions
    8.1 Possible area of origin of soybeans in China
    8.2 Potential useful saponin germplasm for breeding utilization
    8.3 Putative biosynthetic pathways of soyasaponins
    8.4 The epistasis of Sg-5 locus against Sg-1 and Sg-7 loci
9 Conclusion
    9.1 Diversiform saponin composition and useful genetic variants in Chinese wild soybeans
    9.2 Determination of four new saponin chemical structures in Chinese wild soybeans
    9.3 Rich saponin content in Chinese wild soybeans
    9.4 Geographically nonuniform genetic diversity and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans
    9.5 High sequence polymorphism at the Sg-1 locus in Chinese wild soybeans
    9.6 Relatively low polymorphisms of saponin composition in Chinese cultivated soybeans and a possible area of origin for soybeans
    9.7 Possible gene interaction and saponin biosynthetic pathways
References
Appendix
Acknowledgement
Author affiliation


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