氮是植物生長發(fā)育所必需的大量營養(yǎng)元素,對作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的形成具有關(guān)鍵作用。棉花是重要經(jīng)濟作物之一。但是,肥料成本特別是氮肥成本高,是棉花種植者面臨的重要問題之一。篩選高氮肥利用率棉花材料,研究其高氮肥利用率的生理機制和分子機制,從而培育氮高效的棉花品種,是從根本上解決上述問題的有效途徑之一。目前,在棉花氮高效研究方面,不同氮效率基因型棉花的氮素高效利用的生理機制和分子機制研究報道較少。本研究在前期篩選得到氮高效和氮低效棉花品種的基礎(chǔ)上,研究在不同氮水平下根系構(gòu)型、功能葉光合特性、功能器官碳氮代謝同化物質(zhì)含量及其酶活性、關(guān)鍵基因介導的共表達調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)的變化規(guī)律,以期揭示棉花氮高效的生理和分子機制,為棉花生產(chǎn)中利用育種手段和栽培措施改善提高棉花的氮素利用效率提供理論依據(jù)�，F(xiàn)將取得的主要結(jié)果概括如下:以6種不同氮效率基因型棉花品種為材料,研究了在不同氮水平下棉花苗期生長發(fā)育和氮素代謝等性狀。發(fā)現(xiàn)不同氮效率基因型的棉花品種地下部相關(guān)性狀與氮素利用效率（NUtE）呈正相關(guān),而地上部性狀和氮同化酶與氮素吸收效率（NUpE）呈正相關(guān)。在正常氮（2.5 mM）條件下,氮高效基因型棉花品種表現(xiàn)出較高的氮素... 

【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院北京市

【文章頁數(shù)】：256 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Dedications
List of Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1.INTROUCTION
    1.1 Nitrogen fertilization
    1.2 Nitrogen use efficiency
    1.3 Morphological and physiological responses of plants to N supply
        1.3.1 Plant morphological responses to nitrogen supply
        1.3.2 Plant physiological responses to nitrogen supply
    1.4 Molecular responses of plants to N supply
        1.4.1 Nitrate uptake
        1.4.2 Nitrate transport
        1.4.3 Nitrate assimilation
    1.5 Physiological mechanism of NUE
    1.6 Molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of NUE in plants
    1.7 Cotton nitrogen use efficiency
    1.8 The objectives of the study
CHAPTER 2:GENOTYPIC VARIATIONS IN COTTON GENOTYPES FOR NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND RELATED TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS
    2.1 Materials and Methods
        2.1.1 Plant materials and treatments
        2.1.2 Plant morphological characteristics
        2.1.3 Measurement of gas exchange parameters
        2.1.4 Measurement of N concentration and NUE traits
        2.1.5 Measurement of N assimilating enzymatic activities
        2.1.6 Measurement of total soluble protein,free amino acids and total soluble sugars
        2.1.7 Statistical analysis
    2.2 Results
        2.2.1 Genotypic variations in plant morphology and physiology
        2.2.2 Genotypic variations in NUE traits
        2.2.3 Genotypic variation in N-assimilating enzymes and products
        2.2.4 Multivariate analysis of trait mining for NUE
    2.3 Discussion
        2.3.1 Variations in morph-physiological capacities among cotton genotypes
        2.3.2 Variations in N metabolism are tightly associated with NUE
        2.3.3 Multivariate analysis identified key traits associated with NUE
    2.4 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3:OPTIMIZATION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN COTTON GENOTYPES BASED ON NITROGEN METABOLISM AND TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
    3.1 Materials and Methods
        3.1.1 Plant cultivation and nitrogen treatment
        3.1.2 Plant morphological characteristics
        3.1.3 Measurement of photosynthetic characteristics
        3.1.4 Measurement of N concentration and NUE traits
        3.1.5 Measurement of N-metabolizing enzymatic activities
        3.1.6 Measurement of total soluble protein and total free amino acids
        3.1.7 Statistical analysis
    3.2 Results
        3.2.1 Growth and photosynthesis
        3.2.2 Nitrogen use efficiency
        3.2.3 Nitrogen metabolism
        3.2.4 ANOVA and principal component analysis
        3.2.5 Correlation analysis
    3.3 Discussion
        3.3.1 Variations in morpho-physiological and biochemical traits among cotton genotypes
        3.3.2 Variations in morpho-physiological and biochemical traits are associated with NUE
    3.4 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4:GENOTYPIC VARIATIONS IN CARBON AND NITROGEN METABOLISM OF COTTON SHOWED PREFERENTIAL ALLOCATION OF CARBOHYDRATES AS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM IN NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY
    4.1 Materials and Methods
        4.1.1 Plant materials and treatments
        4.1.2 Plant morphology
        4.1.3 Measurement of gas exchange parameters
        4.1.4 Measurement of N concentration and NUE traits
        4.1.5 Measurements carbohydrate(sucrose and fructose)content
        4.1.6 Enzyme extraction and analysis
        4.1.7 Statistical analysis
    4.2 Results
        4.2.1 Morpho-physiological indices
        4.2.2 N concentration and use efficiency
        4.2.3 Changes in root-shoot carbohydrates(sucrose and fructose)content
        4.2.4 Enzymatic activities involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism
        4.2.5 Multivariate analysis for key traits mining
    4.3 Discussion
        4.3.1 N-efficient genotype allocated more carbohydrates to root for a better root system under low N concentration
        4.3.2 N-efficient genotype maintained better growth and C/N metabolism under normal N concentration
        4.3.3 Implications of traits for future research
    4.4 Conclusions
CHAPTER 5:PHOTOSYNTHESIS,CARBON AND NITROGEN METABOLISM OF COTTON SUBTENDING LEAVES IMPROVE YIELD IN COTTON GENOTYPES IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS NITROGEN SUPPLY
    5.1 Material and Methods
        5.1.1 Plant materials and treatments
        5.1.2 Sampling
        5.1.3 Plant morphology
        5.1.4 Measurement of gas exchange parameters
        5.1.5 Measurement of N concentration and NUE traits
        5.1.6 Measurements carbohydrate(sucrose and fructose)content
        5.1.7 Enzyme extraction and analysis
        5.1.8 Cotton yield
        5.1.9 Statistical analysis
    5.2 Results
        5.2.1 Plant dry matter production
        5.2.2 Cotton subtending leaf morphology
        5.2.3 Photosynthetic attributes of subtending leaf
        5.2.4 Carbon metabolism in subtending leaf
        5.2.5 Nitrogen metabolism in the subtending leaf
        5.2.6 Free amino acids,soluble protein and sugar contents in the subtending leaf
        5.2.7 Nitrogen concentration and use efficiency
        5.2.8 Yield and yield attributes
        5.2.9 Source sink relationship
    5.3 Discussion
        5.3.1 Cotton genotypes showed differential carbon metabolism in the subtending leaves
        5.3.2 Genotypic variation for N metabolism in the subtending leaves
        5.3.3 Effect of N application on subtending leaf morphology,photosynthesis and yield formation
    5.4 Conclusions
CHAPTER 6:TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS DIFFERENCES IN KEY GENES AND PATHWAYS REGULATING CARBON AND NITROGEN METABOLISM IN COTTON GENOTYPES
    6.1 Materials and Methods
        6.1.1 Plant cultivation and nitrogen treatment
        6.1.2 Measurement of key enzymes activities in n metabolism
        6.1.3 RNA-Seq Sampling,RNA extraction,and m RNA-Seq library construction for Illumina sequencing
        6.1.4 Data filtering,mapping of reads,and functional annotation
        6.1.5 Co-expression network analysis of genes related to amino acid,carbon and nitrogen metabolism
        6.1.6 Validation of RNA-Seq analysis by q RT-PCR
    6.2 Results
        6.2.1 Summary of RNA sequencing results
        6.2.2 Differentially expressed gene analysis
        6.2.3 Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis of DEGs
        6.2.4 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis of DEGs
        6.2.5 DEGs involved in root amino acid,carbon,and nitrogen metabolism
        6.2.6 DEGs involved in shoot amino acid,carbon,and nitrogen metabolism
        6.2.7 Coexpression networks reveal a differential regulatory network of amino acid,carbon,and nitrogen metabolism under N starvation and n resupply
        6.2.8 Activities of the key N assimilation enzymes
        6.2.9 Validation of the expression patterns of selected DEGs by q RT-PCR
    6.3 Discussion
        6.3.1 Abundance of transcripts in the major pathways related to amino acid,carbon,and nitrogen metabolism
        6.3.2 Nitrogen metabolic networks in response to nitrogen starvation and resupply treatments
        6.3.3 Molecular mechanism and regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism
    6.4 Conclusions
CHAPTER 7:COMPARATIVE TRANSCRIPTOME AND CO-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALS KEY GENES AND PATHWAYS REGULATING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY IN COTTON GENOTYPES
    7.1 Materials and Methods
        7.1.1 Plant materials and treatments
        7.1.2 RNA extraction,c DNA library construction and Illumina Sequencing
        7.1.3 RNA-Seq data processing and analysis
        7.1.4 Co-expression network analysis of genes
        7.1.5 q RT-PCR analysis
    7.2 Results
        7.2.1 Differentially expressed genes identified in the root and shoot of cotton genotypes in response to N-starvation and resupply
        7.2.2 Functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes
        7.2.3 DEGs associated with nutrients transporters
        7.2.4 DEGs related to hormone signaling
        7.2.5 Identification of DEGs related to photosynthesis
        7.2.6 Identification of deferentially expressed transcription factors
        7.2.7 DEGs involved in antioxidant activity
        7.2.8 Co-expression analysis reveal regulatory networks responsible for NUE
    7.3 Discussion
        7.3.1 Nitrate transporters
        7.3.2 Hormones
        7.3.3 Photosynthesis
        7.3.4 Transcription factor
        7.3.5 Antioxidant stress
    7.4 Conclusion
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE


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