作為一種植物激素,脫落酸（Abscisic acid,ABA）調(diào)控植物生長發(fā)育的許多方面,如胚胎發(fā)育、種子休眠與萌發(fā)、光合作用、氣孔關閉、開花時間和果實成熟等生理過程以及植物對高溫等多種脅迫的適應性反應。然而,自然條件下ABA與水稻葉片光合作用過程,蔗糖代謝及轉(zhuǎn)運方面的研究較少,其作用機制還有待進一步闡明。鑒此,本試驗以浙輻802（Zhefu802）及其近等基因系fgl為材料,從以下3個方面進行研究:i)ABA影響水稻葉片光合作用的作用機理及調(diào)控;ii)高溫下ABA影響水稻穎花蔗糖代謝及轉(zhuǎn)運的作用機理;iii)ABA及蔗糖互作對水稻產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響。研究結果如下:1.水稻營養(yǎng)生長階段(秧齡45d,Zhefu802葉片葉綠素含量顯著高于fgl,但后者的凈光合速率顯著高于前者。進一步分析表明,fgl的ABA及H₂O₂含量顯著低于Zhefu802,推測較高的ABA含量是導致Zhefu802葉片凈光合速率偏低的原因。外源噴施ABA及H₂O₂顯著降低葉片凈光合速率及氣孔導度,而氟啶草酮（FLU,ABA合成抑制... 

【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院北京市

【文章頁數(shù)】：173 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
        1.2.1 Effects of heat stress on some important plant physiology
        1.2.2 Relation between chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis
        1.2.3 Abscisic acid and fluridone
        1.2.4 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll content
        1.2.5 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis
        1.2.6 Effects of hydrogen peroxide mediated by ABA on photosynthesis
        1.2.7 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll fluorescence
        1.2.8 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis in stomatal guard cell
        1.2.9 ABA enhances reactive oxygen species scavenging under abiotic stresses
        1.2.10 Relation between oxidative stress and enzymatic capacity onphotosynthesis
        1.2.11 Role of ABA in thermal acclimation of plants
        1.2.12 Strategies to improve the photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions
CHAPTER 2 ENHANCEMENT IN ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN RICE PLANTS (Oryza sativa L.)
    2.1 INTRODUCTION
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
        2.2.2 Experimental design
        2.2.3 Chlorophyll measurement
        2.2.4 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement
        2.2.5 Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation measurement
        2.2.6 H_2O_2 measurement
        2.2.7 ABA measurement
        2.2.8 Stomatal aperture determination
        2.2.9 Rubisco enzyme activity measurement
        2.2.10 Quantitative real time PCR analysis
        2.2.11 Statistical analysis
    2.3 RESULTS
        2.3.1 Leaf phenotype and photosynthesis as well as ABA, H_2O_2, MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities
        2.3.2 Effects of ABA, H_2O_2 and their combination on Pn and Cond
        2.3.3 Changes in contents of endogenous ABA and H_2O_2 of leaf when exogenously sprayed with ABA and H_2O_2
        2.3.4 Effects of CAT and ASA on Pn and Cond
        2.3.5 Effects of ASA and CAT on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal aperture
        2.3.6 Effects of ASA and CAT on Rubisco activity and contents of H_2O_2 and MDA
        2.3.7 Effects of ASA and CAT on antioxidant enzyme activities
        2.3.8 Effects of ASA and CAT on relative gene expression
    2.4 DISCUSSION
    2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS ON HIGH PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY SHOWED IN THE FADED-GREEN LEAF RICE
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
        3.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
        3.2.2 Chlorophyll contents determination
        3.2.3 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence determination
        3.2.4 RNA extraction and sequencing
        3.2.5 Transcript quantification and differential gene expression analysis
        3.2.6 Statistical analysis
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 Chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and Chl fluorescence basis of leaves
        3.3.2 Quality control analysis
        3.3.3 Deferentially expressed gene analysis
        3.3.4 Gene ontology analysis
        3.3.5 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis
    3.4 DISCUSSION
        3.4.1 Leaf color and high photosynthetic efficiency
        3.4.2 Differentially expressed genes involved in high photosynthetic efficiency
    3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 ABSCISIC ACID PREVENTS POLLEN ABORTION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS BY MEDIATING SUGAR METABOLISM IN RICE SPIKELETS
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.2.1 Experimental set-up
        4.2.2 Measurement of pollen viability
        4.2.3 Spikelet fertility
        4.2.4 Measurement of carbohydrates
        4.2.5 Measurement of ABA
        4.2.6 Measurement of adenosine triphosphate
        4.2.7 Measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation
        4.2.8 Measurement of hydrogen peroxide
        4.2.9 Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
        4.2.10 Statistical analysis
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 Pollen viability and spikelet fertility
        4.3.2 NSC, soluble sugar and starch
        4.3.3 Sucrose, glucose and fructose
        4.3.4 Levels of ATP and endogenous ABA
        4.3.5 H_2O_2 and MDA
        4.3.6 Antioxidant enzymes activities
        4.3.7 Genes expression levels
    4.4 DISCUSSION
        4.4.1 The relationship between pollen viability and endogenous ABA levels in rice spikelets under heat stress
        4.4.2 Interaction between ABA and sugar metabolism and transport in rice spikelets under heat stress
        4.4.3 Sucrose metabolism is involved in the conferral of heat tolerance by ABA in rice plants
        4.4.4 The role of ABA in oxidative homeostasis in spikelets of rice under heat stress
    4.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 ABA INTERACTS WITH SUCROSE TO ENHANCE GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY THROUGH IMPROVING TREHALOSE METABOLISM IN RICE
    5.1 INTRODUCTION
    5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        5.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
        5.2.2 Dry matter weight, grain yield components and rice quality
        5.2.3 Observation of pollen tube elongation and grain size
        5.2.4 Soluble sugar, starch and NSC contents determination
        5.2.5 Sucrose, fructose, glucose and trehalose content determination
        5.2.6 Endogenous phytohormone determination
        5.2.7 Determination of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis
        5.2.8 RNA extraction and q RT-PCR analysis
        5.2.9 Statistical analysis
    5.3 RESULTS
        5.3.1 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the grain yield and its components
        5.3.2 Pollen tube elongation, grain size and quality
        5.3.3 Effects of ABA and sucrose on dry matter weight accumulation and allocation
        5.3.4 Effects of ABA and sucrose on soluble sugar, starch and NSC content
        5.3.5 Effects of ABA and sucrose on sucrose, fructose and glucose content
        5.3.6 Effects of ABA and sucrose on phytohormones content in leaf, sheath and stem and grain
        5.3.7 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the key enzyme activities involved in grain filling
        5.3.8 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the sugar metabolism and transport in leaf, sheath and stem and grain
        5.3.9 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the trehalose metabolism in grains
    5.4 DISCUSSION
        5.4.1The interaction between ABA and sucrose on grain yield and quality of rice at the grain filling stage
        5.4.2 Relations between ABA and others phytohormone on grain yield of rice at the grain filling stage
    5.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    6.1 Major findings
    6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING PHD STUDY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR RESUME


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