加納共和國位于非洲西部、幾內亞灣北岸,國土面積23.9萬平方公里,總人口2482萬。全國共設10個省,即大阿克拉省、阿散蒂省、布朗-阿哈福省、中部省、東部省、沃爾特省、西部省、上東部省、上西部省和北部省。加納在西非諸國中經濟較為發(fā)達,以農業(yè)為主,主要農作物有玉米、水稻、高粱、谷子、花生等。當前,加納農作物秸稈資源利用仍處于初級階段,秸稈利用效率較低,露天焚燒現象非常普遍,政府在秸稈綜合利用方面的支持非常不足。糧農組織公布的數據顯示,1961年至2017年,加納焚燒的玉米、水稻等秸稈量合計達到3628.88萬噸。因此,農作物秸稈能否得到有效利用,已成為影響其農業(yè)能否實現清潔生產與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。中國在治理秸稈焚燒、推進秸稈利用方面所做的努力非常值得加納借鑒。近年來,中國政府制定了一系列的支持政策、投入了大量資金,大力促進秸稈利用,秸稈綜合利用率逐年提高。目前,秸稈綜合利用率已達到85%左右,一度嚴重的秸稈露天焚燒現象也得到了遏制。摸清秸稈資源家底、明確秸稈利用現狀是政府制定秸稈利用政策的基礎。目前,加納在農作物秸稈資源量估算、秸稈利用方式和焚燒現狀評價等方面的研究還比較缺乏。本研究...

【文章頁數】：141 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
    1.1 INTRODUCTION
    1.2 STATUS OF CROP STRAW AND FIELD BURNING IN GHANA
    1.3 STATUS OF CROP STRAW AND FIELD BURNING SITUATION IN CHINA
    1.4 METHODS OF STRAW RESOURCES ESTIMATION
        1.4.1 The ratio of straw to grain
        1.4.2 Harvest index(HI)
    1.5 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
    1.6 RESEARCH AIM
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY
    2.1 METHODS OF CROP STRAW UTILIZATION IN GHANA AND CHINA
    2.2 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL CROP STRAW YIELD ON REGIONAL BASIS IN GHANA
    2.3 SURVEY ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD STRAW UTILIZATION AND FIELD BURNING IN GHANA
        2.3.1 Description of the Study Area
        2.3.2 Sampling and data collection
        2.3.3 Estimation of crop straw yield
        2.3.4 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 3 CROP STRAW YIELD AND UTILIZATION METHODS IN GHANA
    3.1 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL STRAW YIELD AND VARIATION IN STRAW YIELD
        3.1.1 Estimation of straw from major cereals in Ghana
        3.1.2 Estimation of major legumes in Ghana
        3.1.3 Top five(5)regional distribution of straw from maize,rice,sorghum and cowpea
    3.2 THE "5F" UTILIZATION METHODS OF CROP STRAW
        3.2.1 Feed for Livestock
        3.2.2 Fertilizer as a soil fertility management
        3.2.3 Fuel for cooking(Energy)
        3.2.4 Fungi based material
        3.2.5 For Sale
        3.2.6 Other Uses
    3.3 DISCUSSION
        3.3.1 Total and Regional Straw yield Estimation
        3.3.2 Utilization of straw in Ghana
    3.4 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF STRAW UTILIZATION IN GHANA
        3.4.1 Inadequate policies and Incentives from Government
        3.4.2 Underutilization of Straw
        3.4.3 Inadequate Education and training
        3.4.4 Difficulties in Collection and Storage
CHAPTER 4 SURVEY ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD STRAW UTILIZATION AND FIELD BURNING
    4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS
    4.2 STRAW YIELD FOR MAJOR CEREALS AND LEGUMES
    4.3 FARM HOUSEHOLDS CROP STRAW UTILIZATION
    4.4 FARMERS' CROP STRAW FIELD BURNING PRACTICE
        4.4.1 Proportion of crop straw and farm size burnt
        4.4.2 Reasons for burning crop straw
        4.4.3 Negative effects of straw burning
        4.4.4 Determinants of future burning and Interventions to reduce straw burning
CHAPTER 5 STRAW UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA AND BAN ON FIELD BURNING
    5.1 CROP STRAW UTILIZATION IN CHINA
    5.2 FERTILIZER
        5.2.1 Returning straw to the field
        5.2.2 Biochar
    5.3 FEED
    5.4 FUNGAL BASE MATERIAL
    5.5 FUEL–ENERGY
        5.5.1 Direct combustion and straw briquettes
        5.5.2 Bioenergy
    5.6 FACTORY RAW MATERIAL
    5.7 SOLUTIONS TO HIGH COST OF STRAW COLLECTION,STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION IN CHINA
    5.8 CHINESE GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND REGULATIONS TO PROHIBIT STRAW BURNING
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    6.1 CONCLUSION
    6.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND GHANA
    6.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RESUME



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