土壤呼吸作用是通過陸地植物固定和來自土壤微生物分解的土壤有機質(zhì)的C02返回大氣的主要途徑,它也被稱為碳礦化作用。土壤團聚體是相對于相鄰顆粒更加結(jié)實的土壤顆粒組。團聚體穩(wěn)定性是指土壤團聚體受到耕作和水或風(fēng)力侵蝕的破壞力時抵抗分解的能力。潮濕土壤團聚體穩(wěn)定性表明土壤能夠抵抗雨滴沖擊和水力侵蝕的影響。在低溫生物炭對土壤和聚集的影響方面已經(jīng)做了大量的相關(guān)研究,但是關(guān)于比較生物炭對黑土區(qū)低有機質(zhì)和高有機質(zhì)的碳礦化作用的影響方面相對較少。此外還觀察到在短時間內(nèi)生物炭和秸稈對土壤某些物理屬性（容重、總孔隙度、持水能力）的影響還存在一定的知識缺口。本研究旨在:通過測定低水平和高水平的生物炭利用率以及玉米秸稈對微生物土壤呼吸、氮礦化、土壤中微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮的影響;測定生物炭、秸稈和有機肥對土壤有機碳、微生物生物量碳、土壤團聚體、團聚體大小分布、團聚體重量直徑和一些其他的土壤物理屬性;測定生物炭、秸稈和畜禽糞便對玉米生長和產(chǎn)量的影響來解決上述知識缺口。在2014年11月和12月于中國哈爾濱市東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)開展兩次實驗。第一次培養(yǎng)實驗測定三種不同水平下生物炭（0.5%,1%,和2%）和秸稈（1%... 

【文章來源】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)黑龍江省 211工程院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：97 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Background
        1.1.1 Problem statement
2 efflux">    1.2 Soil CO₂ efflux
        1.2.1 Soil as Source and Sink of Greenhouse gases
        1.2.2 Carbon in soils
        1.2.3 Soil Carbon pools and Carbon fractions
        1.2.4 Microbial Biomass Carbon （MBC） / Microbial Biomass Nitrogen （MBN）
4
+-N and NO3
--N">        1.2.5 Soil NH4
+-N and NO3
--N
        1.2.6 Total N in Agricultural soils
        1.2.7 Soil Aggregation and Aggregate Stability
        1.2.8 Soil Water Holding Capacity / Soil Water Retention
    1.3 Biochar
        1.3.1 Origin
        1.3.2 Production
        1.3.3 Uses
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.1 Experiment 1 （Soil Incubation）
    2.2 Experimental design and treatment
    2.3 Experimental materials
        2.3.1 Physical and chemical properties of materials used for the experiment
        2.3.2 Soil preparation
        2.3.3 Soil incubation
    2.4 Gas measurements
    2.5 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen fumigation, extraction, and measurements
    2.6 Nitrogen mineralization
    2.7 Statistical Analysis
    2.8 Experiment 2 （Field study）
    2.9 Experimental design and treatment
        2.9.1 Land Preparation
        2.9.2 Sowing of corn seeds
        2.9.3 Soil Sampling and Analysis
    2.10 Methods
        2.10.1 Plant growth analysis
        2.10.2 Soil Water Holding Capacity and Bulk Density
        2.10.3 Soil Total Porosity
        2.10.4 Soil Aggregate Stability
    2.11 Statistical Analysis
3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
    3.1 Effects of biochar and straw on soil respiration
    3.2 Effects of biochar and straw on N mineralization
    3.3 Effects of biochar and straw on soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC）
    3.4 Effects of biochar and straw on soil microbial biomass nitrogen （SMBN）
    3.5 Effects of biochar and straw on soil Total N
    3.6 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil organic carbon （SOC）
    3.7 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC）
    3.8 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil pH
    3.9 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil bulk density （BD）
    3.10 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil water holding capacity （WHC）
    3.11 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on soil total porosity
    3.12 Effects of biochar, manure and straw on aggregates mean weight diameter （MWD）
    3.13 Effects of different treatments on aggregate-size distribution
    3.14 Total organic carbon （TOC） content at top soil from soil treatments of differentaggregate size fractions following wet sieving
    3.15 Effect of different soil treatments on Com yield （Zea mays）
4 DISCUSSION
    4.1 Effects of biochar and straw on soil respiration
    4.2 Effects of biochar and straw on N-mineralization
    4.3 Effects of biochar and straw on soil MBC and MBN
    4.4 Effects of biochar and straw on soil total nitrogen
    4.5 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on SOC
    4.6 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on SMBC
    4.7 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil pH
    4.8 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil bulk density and total porosity
    4.9 Effects of biochar, straw and manure on soil WHC
    4.10 Effects of different treatments on aggregate-size distribution
    4.11 Total organic carbon content in different aggregate-size fractions
5 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Paper published in the period of Ph.D. education


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期刊論文
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