【摘要】：中西太平洋是世界鰹魚圍網(wǎng)主要作業(yè)水域�；谖覈鴿O船2005—2009年的中西太平洋鰹魚圍網(wǎng)生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用空間統(tǒng)計方法對該水域鰹魚資源的空間自相關(guān)性和空間異質(zhì)性特征進(jìn)行分析,并結(jié)合海洋環(huán)境特征分析資源分布的熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域。(1)通過常規(guī)統(tǒng)計學(xué)計算獲得鰹魚資源的偏態(tài)Sk、峰態(tài)數(shù)Ku、變異值Cv、s2/m和全局空間自相關(guān)Geary c系數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)中西太平洋鰹魚資源總體上是以低密度區(qū)域?yàn)橹?高密度區(qū)域較少;魚類資源密度值差異較大,資源表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈集聚分布,總體的空間自相關(guān)性中等偏弱。(2)通過局部空間自相關(guān)的熱點(diǎn)分析方法計算,發(fā)現(xiàn)局部空間自相關(guān)性較強(qiáng),存在多個在統(tǒng)計學(xué)上通過顯著性檢驗(yàn)的資源熱點(diǎn)和冷點(diǎn)。(3)通過地統(tǒng)計方法研究鰹魚資源的空間變異性特征和方向變異時,空間自相關(guān)類型上最優(yōu)模型是球形模型,鰹魚資源密度各向同性,最大相關(guān)距離1000km左右。發(fā)現(xiàn)空間自相關(guān)引起的差異占整個差異的50%左右,為中等強(qiáng)度變異;在方向性變異上,主要體現(xiàn)在南北向上,其該向上結(jié)構(gòu)性誤差占67%,而東西向結(jié)構(gòu)性誤差占49%。這一結(jié)果和海洋環(huán)境的南北向上結(jié)構(gòu)性遠(yuǎn)好于東西向結(jié)構(gòu)性有關(guān);從各方向的分維數(shù)看,數(shù)值介于1.876—1.9之間,數(shù)值較大,空間自相關(guān)較弱。(4)以資源熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域作為區(qū)域性漁場,結(jié)合海洋溫度和葉綠素場海洋環(huán)境特征,將中西太平洋鰹魚資源分為3個不同的局部漁場,即2個暖池漁場,1個冷舌漁場。冷舌漁場由中東太平洋赤道上升流引起,在鋒面地帶提供了較為豐富的初級生產(chǎn)力,便于魚類獲得豐富的食物;暖池漁場靠近島嶼和陸地區(qū)域,近岸上升流系統(tǒng)提供了豐富的初級生產(chǎn)力。(5)將熱點(diǎn)分析和漁場重心方法及棲息地指數(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)做了對比,建議以后采用空間殘差模型深入研究空間自相關(guān)問題。
[Abstract]:The Western and Central Pacific Ocean is the main operating area of skipjack seine in the world. Based on the seine production data of Chinese fishing vessels in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean from 2005 to 2009, the spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity of skipjack resources in the waters were analyzed by using the spatial statistical method. Combined with the characteristics of marine environment, the hot spots of resource distribution are analyzed. (1) the skewed Sk, peak number Cv,s2/m and the global spatial autocorrelation Geary c coefficient of skipjack fish resources are obtained by conventional statistical calculation, and the Ku, variation value and global spatial autocorrelation coefficient of skipjack fish resources are obtained. It is found that the skipjack resources in the Western and Central Pacific are dominated by low-density regions and less high-density regions. The density values of fish resources vary greatly, the resources show strong agglomeration distribution, and the overall spatial autocorrelation is moderate and weak. (2) the local spatial autocorrelation is found to be strong by the hot spot analysis method of local spatial autocorrelation, and it is found that the spatial autocorrelation of fish resources is stronger than that of local spatial autocorrelation. There are many hot spots and cold spots of resources which have passed the significance test statistically. (3) when the spatial variability and direction variation of skipjack fish resources are studied by geostatistical method, the optimal model of spatial autocorrelation type is spherical model. The density of skipjack is isotropic and the maximum correlation distance is about 1000km. It was found that the difference caused by spatial autocorrelation accounted for about 50% of the total difference, which was medium intensity variation, and the directional variation was mainly reflected in the north-south upward structural error, which accounted for 67% of the structural error, and the east-west structural error accounted for 49%. This result is related to the fact that the South-North-up structure of the marine environment is much better than the East-West structure; From the fractal dimension of each direction, the numerical value is between 1.876 and 1.9, the value is large, and the spatial autocorrelation is weak. (4) the hot spot area of resources is used as the regional fishing ground, combined with the ocean temperature and the marine environmental characteristics of chlorophyll field. The skipjack resources in the central and western Pacific Ocean were divided into three different local fishing grounds, that is, 2 warm-pool fisheries and 1 cold-tongued fishing ground. The cold tongue fishing ground is caused by the equatorial upwelling in the Middle East Pacific Ocean, which provides abundant primary productivity in the front zone and facilitates fish to get rich food. Warm pool fishing grounds are close to islands and land areas, and inshore upwelling systems provide abundant primary productivity. (5) Hot spot analysis is compared with the methods of fishing ground gravity center and habitat index, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. It is suggested that the spatial residual model should be used to study the spatial autocorrelation problem in the future.
【作者單位】： 大洋漁業(yè)資源可持續(xù)開發(fā)省部共建教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;上海海洋大學(xué)海洋科學(xué)學(xué)院;國家遠(yuǎn)洋漁業(yè)工程技術(shù)中心;
【基金】：國家“863”計劃項目(2007AA092202) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41006106) 教育部高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項科研基金新教師基金項目(20093104120005) 上海市青年科技啟明星計劃項目(11QA1403000) 上海市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科建設(shè)項目(S30702) 上海市教委創(chuàng)新項目(09YZ275)共同資助
【分類號】：S931.1

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