黃旗海流域生態(tài)需水與水資源短缺研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-07 11:10
【摘要】：水是維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的重要組成部分,隨著城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化的迅速發(fā)展以及人口劇增,水資源短缺問題日益突出,不合理的取用水方式造成河流生態(tài)需水不足,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化�，F(xiàn)有的水資源短缺評價方法大多側(cè)重于人類社會用水的評價,忽略了生態(tài)需水部分。對河流生態(tài)需水量進(jìn)行核算,并考慮生態(tài)需水進(jìn)行流域水資源短缺評價對于流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)與流域水資源綜合管理利用具有重要意義。本文以位于我國干旱半干旱區(qū)的內(nèi)蒙古黃旗海流域為研究對象,構(gòu)建適用于黃旗海流域的APEX模型,模擬流域水文過程；運(yùn)用Tennant方法估算不同棲息地質(zhì)量水平下的河流生態(tài)需水量；綜合考慮水質(zhì)、水量及河流生態(tài)需水情況,評價黃旗海流域水資源短缺狀況。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)APEX模型在黃旗海流域應(yīng)用效果較好,可以用于流域水文過程模擬和河流生態(tài)需水研究：校準(zhǔn)期和驗證期的徑流量和產(chǎn)沙量各項評價指標(biāo)Ens值在0.43到0.75之間,R2值在0.52到0.81之間,APE值小于20%。(2)近30年來黃旗海流域河流徑流量年際間變化大,總體呈下降趨勢：黃旗海流域徑流量存在時空分布不均的現(xiàn)象,4-9月的產(chǎn)流量占全年河流徑流總量的90%以上,且北邊兩條主要河流徑流量是其他河流的10倍以上。黃旗海流域河流棲息地維持在“好”的質(zhì)量水平時,流域河流生態(tài)需水量占其多年平均藍(lán)水資源總量的26%。(3)黃旗海流域同時面臨著水質(zhì)型缺水和水量型缺水問題,且年內(nèi)水資源表現(xiàn)出不可持續(xù)現(xiàn)象：流域多年平均藍(lán)水資源總量為1.44億m3／a,藍(lán)水足跡占流域藍(lán)水資源總量的94%；而灰水足跡則高達(dá)20億m3/a,約是流域水資源總量的14倍；維持河流棲息地質(zhì)量水平在“好”的水平時,綜合考慮水量與水質(zhì)與河流生態(tài)需水黃旗海流域的缺水指標(biāo)數(shù)值高達(dá)15.5,且同時存在水量型和水質(zhì)型缺水問題。此外,黃旗海流域5月、6月、7月的藍(lán)水足跡大于流域水資源總量,呈現(xiàn)出年內(nèi)水資源不可持續(xù)利用的現(xiàn)象。黃旗海流域?qū)儆诘湫偷耐瑫r存在水量型和水質(zhì)型缺水的內(nèi)陸流域。因此,在進(jìn)行流域水資源綜合管理時,綜合考慮水量、水質(zhì)及生態(tài)需水問題,實施最嚴(yán)格水資源管理制度,發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè),減少污染物排放,加強(qiáng)污染治理,從而緩解當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源短缺壓力并實現(xiàn)水資源可持續(xù)利用。
[Abstract]:Water is an important part of maintaining ecosystem health. With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and population, the shortage of water resources is becoming more and more serious. Ecosystem degradation. Most of the existing water shortage assessment methods focus on the evaluation of water use in human society and ignore the ecological water demand. It is of great significance for the protection of watershed ecosystem and the comprehensive management and utilization of watershed water resources to calculate the ecological water demand of rivers and to evaluate the shortage of river basin water resources considering the ecological water requirements. In this paper, the Yellow Qi Sea basin in Inner Mongolia, which is located in the arid and semi-arid region of China, is taken as the research object, and the APEX model suitable for the Yellow Qi Sea basin is constructed to simulate the hydrological process of the basin. The Tennant method was used to estimate the ecological water requirements of rivers under different habitat quality levels, and the water quality, water quantity and ecological water requirements of rivers were comprehensively considered to evaluate the water resources shortage in the Yellow Flag Sea Basin. The results show that: (1) the application of APEX model in Huangqi Sea Basin is better. It can be used in watershed hydrological process simulation and river ecological water demand research: the Ens values of runoff and sediment yield in calibration period and verification period are between 0.43 and 0.75, and R2 values are between 0.52 and 0.81, and the values of runoff and sediment yield are in the range of 0.43 to 0.75 and from 0.52 to 0.81, respectively. The APE value is less than 20%. (2) in the past 30 years, the annual variation of river runoff in the Huangqi Sea Basin has been great, and the overall trend is decreasing: there is a phenomenon of uneven spatial and temporal distribution of the runoff in the Huangqi Sea Basin. The runoff from April to September accounted for more than 90% of the total runoff of the whole year, and the runoff of the two main rivers in the north was more than 10 times as much as that of other rivers. When the river habitat of the Huangqi Sea Basin is maintained at a "good" quality level, the ecological water demand of the river basin accounts for 26% of the total annual average blue water resources. (3) at the same time, the Yellow Qi Sea Basin is faced with the problems of water quality type and water volume type. Moreover, the annual water resources showed unsustainable phenomenon: the average annual total blue water resources was 144 million m3 / a, and the blue water footprint accounted for 94% of the total blue water resources in the basin. But the ash water footprint is as high as 2 billion m3 / a, which is about 14 times of the total water resources of the basin. When the quality level of river habitat is maintained at "good" level, the value of water shortage index is up to 15.5 when water quantity, water quality and ecological water requirement are considered, and there are both water quantity type and water quality type water shortage problem. In addition, the blue water footprint of the Yellow River Basin in May, June and July is larger than the total water resources of the basin, showing the phenomenon of unsustainable utilization of water resources during the year. Huangqi Sea basin is a typical inland basin which has water quantity and water quality at the same time. Therefore, in the integrated management of river basin water resources, comprehensive consideration should be given to the problems of water quantity, water quality and ecological water demand, the implementation of the strictest water resources management system, the development of water-saving agriculture, the reduction of pollutant emissions, and the strengthening of pollution control. In order to alleviate the local water shortage pressure and achieve sustainable use of water resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TV213.4
本文編號：2436062
[Abstract]:Water is an important part of maintaining ecosystem health. With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and population, the shortage of water resources is becoming more and more serious. Ecosystem degradation. Most of the existing water shortage assessment methods focus on the evaluation of water use in human society and ignore the ecological water demand. It is of great significance for the protection of watershed ecosystem and the comprehensive management and utilization of watershed water resources to calculate the ecological water demand of rivers and to evaluate the shortage of river basin water resources considering the ecological water requirements. In this paper, the Yellow Qi Sea basin in Inner Mongolia, which is located in the arid and semi-arid region of China, is taken as the research object, and the APEX model suitable for the Yellow Qi Sea basin is constructed to simulate the hydrological process of the basin. The Tennant method was used to estimate the ecological water requirements of rivers under different habitat quality levels, and the water quality, water quantity and ecological water requirements of rivers were comprehensively considered to evaluate the water resources shortage in the Yellow Flag Sea Basin. The results show that: (1) the application of APEX model in Huangqi Sea Basin is better. It can be used in watershed hydrological process simulation and river ecological water demand research: the Ens values of runoff and sediment yield in calibration period and verification period are between 0.43 and 0.75, and R2 values are between 0.52 and 0.81, and the values of runoff and sediment yield are in the range of 0.43 to 0.75 and from 0.52 to 0.81, respectively. The APE value is less than 20%. (2) in the past 30 years, the annual variation of river runoff in the Huangqi Sea Basin has been great, and the overall trend is decreasing: there is a phenomenon of uneven spatial and temporal distribution of the runoff in the Huangqi Sea Basin. The runoff from April to September accounted for more than 90% of the total runoff of the whole year, and the runoff of the two main rivers in the north was more than 10 times as much as that of other rivers. When the river habitat of the Huangqi Sea Basin is maintained at a "good" quality level, the ecological water demand of the river basin accounts for 26% of the total annual average blue water resources. (3) at the same time, the Yellow Qi Sea Basin is faced with the problems of water quality type and water volume type. Moreover, the annual water resources showed unsustainable phenomenon: the average annual total blue water resources was 144 million m3 / a, and the blue water footprint accounted for 94% of the total blue water resources in the basin. But the ash water footprint is as high as 2 billion m3 / a, which is about 14 times of the total water resources of the basin. When the quality level of river habitat is maintained at "good" level, the value of water shortage index is up to 15.5 when water quantity, water quality and ecological water requirement are considered, and there are both water quantity type and water quality type water shortage problem. In addition, the blue water footprint of the Yellow River Basin in May, June and July is larger than the total water resources of the basin, showing the phenomenon of unsustainable utilization of water resources during the year. Huangqi Sea basin is a typical inland basin which has water quantity and water quality at the same time. Therefore, in the integrated management of river basin water resources, comprehensive consideration should be given to the problems of water quantity, water quality and ecological water demand, the implementation of the strictest water resources management system, the development of water-saving agriculture, the reduction of pollutant emissions, and the strengthening of pollution control. In order to alleviate the local water shortage pressure and achieve sustainable use of water resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TV213.4
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