晉西北沙化區(qū)水資源承載力研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-12-20 15:27
【摘要】:水資源供需失衡是我國諸多地區(qū)亟需解決的重要問題,合理地利用有限水資源,提高水資源承載力是維系社會穩(wěn)定,保證經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。長期以來工農(nóng)業(yè)和生活用水大量擠占生態(tài)用水,致使晉西北地區(qū)植被破壞,水土流失,土地沙化,優(yōu)先保障生態(tài)需水是遏制晉西北沙化區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境進一步惡化的主要途徑。本研究選取晉西北典型沙化區(qū)——右玉縣為研究區(qū),構(gòu)建晉西北沙化區(qū)生態(tài)需水模型。依據(jù)2004-2013年間氣溫(℃)、氣壓(Pa)、降水量(mm)等逐日氣象數(shù)據(jù)計算研究區(qū)不同時段的蒸散量,并結(jié)合不同時期的土地利用/覆被變化狀況對該區(qū)生態(tài)需水量進行計算分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合研究區(qū)自然和社會經(jīng)濟條件,運用多目標模型和主成分分析法對該地區(qū)水資源承載力進行計算分析,并提出優(yōu)化配置模式。結(jié)果表明:(1)研究區(qū)多年日平均參考蒸散基本呈現(xiàn)正態(tài)分布格局,參考蒸散的最低值出現(xiàn)在年初和年末;參考蒸散的多年月平均變化趨勢基本呈拋物線型,其中高值區(qū)出現(xiàn)在植被的生長季(5月、6月和7月),低值區(qū)出現(xiàn)在非生長季(1月和12月),蒸散分布呈現(xiàn)該種形式與當?shù)氐臍夂蛱卣髅芮邢嚓P(guān)。(2)對比三種植被類型生長季內(nèi)的生態(tài)需水量可得出,草地的生態(tài)需水量最小,為1×10~8m~3,旱地的生態(tài)需水量最大,接近4×108m3。雖然林地的單位面積生態(tài)需水量為560 mm,而旱地單位面積生態(tài)需水量僅為400 mm,但由于旱地分布面積遠高于林地,因此旱地的生態(tài)需水量最大,林地次之。(3)按照現(xiàn)狀水資源條件、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和人口數(shù)量進行評估,研究區(qū)水資源承載力處于嚴重超標狀態(tài),其中人口超標率高達52.91%。右玉縣水資源承載力在2003-2007年存在明顯波動,2008-2011年呈現(xiàn)增長態(tài)勢,雖然人口和經(jīng)濟規(guī)模不斷擴大,但2008-2011年的總用水量相比前5年明顯減小,說明水資源開發(fā)利用率有所提高。為防止研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境進一步惡化,保障全縣經(jīng)濟社會健康持續(xù)發(fā)展,可以通過修建水利設(shè)施進行合理的人工調(diào)蓄,不僅可以及時為晉西北沙化區(qū)農(nóng)耕地提供充足的水量,而且可依據(jù)林地和草地的生長規(guī)律為其植被建設(shè)按需供水。在此基礎(chǔ)上,從外界補給水量,方可徹底解決研究區(qū)水資源供需矛盾。
[Abstract]:The imbalance between supply and demand of water resources is an important problem that needs to be solved in many areas of our country. It is the key to maintain social stability and ensure economic development to make rational use of limited water resources and improve the carrying capacity of water resources. For a long time, industrial, agricultural and domestic water have been used for a large amount of ecological water, resulting in vegetation destruction, soil erosion, land desertification and priority protection of ecological water demand in northwest Shanxi Province, which is the main way to curb the further deterioration of ecological environment in the desert area of Northwest Shanxi Province. This study selected Youyu County, a typical desertification area of northwest Shanxi Province, as the study area, and constructed ecological water demand model of desertification area in northwest Shanxi Province. Based on the daily meteorological data such as air temperature (鈩,
本文編號:2388185
[Abstract]:The imbalance between supply and demand of water resources is an important problem that needs to be solved in many areas of our country. It is the key to maintain social stability and ensure economic development to make rational use of limited water resources and improve the carrying capacity of water resources. For a long time, industrial, agricultural and domestic water have been used for a large amount of ecological water, resulting in vegetation destruction, soil erosion, land desertification and priority protection of ecological water demand in northwest Shanxi Province, which is the main way to curb the further deterioration of ecological environment in the desert area of Northwest Shanxi Province. This study selected Youyu County, a typical desertification area of northwest Shanxi Province, as the study area, and constructed ecological water demand model of desertification area in northwest Shanxi Province. Based on the daily meteorological data such as air temperature (鈩,
本文編號:2388185
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