【摘要】：根據(jù)2012-2013年對(duì)石臼湖水質(zhì)和魚(yú)類資源開(kāi)展的2次調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),研究石臼湖水質(zhì)、魚(yú)類資源現(xiàn)狀及演變趨勢(shì)。采用水質(zhì)單因子評(píng)價(jià)方法、營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)質(zhì)量指數(shù),結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展OECO富營(yíng)養(yǎng)湖泊判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),研究石臼湖、姑溪河、塘溝河、清水河的水質(zhì)和富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀況;通過(guò)商業(yè)捕撈的漁獲物調(diào)查,收集石臼湖和姑溪河魚(yú)類資源數(shù)據(jù),分析河網(wǎng)區(qū)魚(yú)類種類組成、漁獲物結(jié)構(gòu)等漁業(yè)資源現(xiàn)狀。結(jié)果表明,石臼湖及毗鄰水域存在一定程度的水污染,且湖區(qū)受水量變化影響低于河流區(qū),總體水質(zhì)狀況符合地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量Ⅲ~Ⅳ類,為富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。石臼湖分布魚(yú)類110種,2012-2013年共調(diào)查到54種;其中,石臼湖38種,固城湖33種,姑溪河51種。石臼湖、固城湖和姑溪河主要經(jīng)濟(jì)魚(yú)類(數(shù)量和重量均超過(guò)1%的種類)分別有13、11和9種。石臼湖魚(yú)類主要以鯉[Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio]、鯽(Carassius auratus)、鲇(Silurus asotus)等適應(yīng)靜、緩流生境的魚(yú)類為主,并以kz又魚(yú)(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鯽、棒花魚(yú)(Abbotina rivularis)等小型魚(yú)類或小規(guī)格個(gè)體魚(yú)類(1 000 g)為主;湖區(qū)天然漁業(yè)資源呈衰退趨勢(shì),由于和長(zhǎng)江下游干流相通,姑溪河魚(yú)類種類數(shù)高于湖區(qū),但其生物量遠(yuǎn)低于湖區(qū);漁業(yè)資源的分布狀況與水質(zhì)狀況無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性,與河湖的連通性有關(guān);受枯水期水量偏少、上游和周邊來(lái)水污染以及高密度水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的影響,石臼湖水質(zhì)出現(xiàn)氮、磷和有機(jī)污染物超標(biāo)等問(wèn)題。宜采取源頭控污、限制養(yǎng)殖、漁民轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)以及人工增殖等措施,保護(hù)石臼湖水質(zhì),恢復(fù)天然漁業(yè)資源。
[Abstract]:Based on the data of two surveys on water quality and fish resources of Shijihu Lake in 2012-2013, the water quality, the present situation and the evolution trend of fish resources in Shijihu Lake were studied. The water quality and eutrophication status of Shijuhu Lake, Guxi River, Tanggou River and Qingshui River were studied by using the single factor evaluation method of water quality, the quality index of nutrition state, and the criteria of economic cooperation and development of OECO eutrophic lakes. The fish resources data of Shijihu Lake and Guxi River were collected through the catch survey of commercial fishing, and the fish species composition and catch structure in the river net area were analyzed. The results show that water pollution exists in Shijiu Lake and its adjacent waters to a certain extent, and the total water quality of the lake region is lower than that of the river area, and the overall water quality is in line with the surface water environmental quality type 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2336747