【摘要】：大型藻類的藻場(chǎng)是重要的海洋藻類棲息地,是魚類等海洋生物的棲息場(chǎng)所、庇護(hù)場(chǎng)所和捕食場(chǎng)所,大型藻類對(duì)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境的修復(fù)作用明顯,可有效減輕海區(qū)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度,降低海水中氮、磷濃度,其本身具有較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值、科研價(jià)值及其他利用價(jià)值。本研究于2016年6月對(duì)大連旅順口區(qū)塔河灣附近海域以及獐子島海域三個(gè)大型藻類藻場(chǎng)進(jìn)行實(shí)測(cè)調(diào)查,評(píng)估三個(gè)藻場(chǎng)中銅藻、裙帶菜和大葉藻的資源量。通過對(duì)大型藻類藻場(chǎng)的調(diào)查評(píng)估,采用側(cè)掃聲納系統(tǒng)和潛水采樣,將聲學(xué)方法與生物學(xué)方法有效結(jié)合,得到大型藻類在藻場(chǎng)中的厚度、豐度、密度及面積等參數(shù),估算大型海藻場(chǎng)資源量。通過聲學(xué)方法的使用,使大型海藻資源量評(píng)估更為精確和方便,同時(shí)為其他藻場(chǎng)生物和多樣性評(píng)估提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐,為合理開發(fā)利用藻類資源提供幫助。本文對(duì)黃海北部不同種類大型藻類的藻場(chǎng)進(jìn)行側(cè)掃聲納勘測(cè)和潛水采樣,采集到的側(cè)掃聲納數(shù)據(jù)和樣品為本研究基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)來源,所得結(jié)果為藻場(chǎng)資源量的實(shí)時(shí)評(píng)估結(jié)果,若要評(píng)估常年的藻場(chǎng)平均資源量,則需要開展進(jìn)一步研究。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)銅藻在礁石上向上生長(zhǎng),通過聲納圖像得到銅藻數(shù)量和平均長(zhǎng)度,通過平均測(cè)量長(zhǎng)度-平均濕重曲線方程y = 0.0013x2 + 0.7591x - 34.99,R2=0.92,估算銅藻藻場(chǎng)資源量,經(jīng)估算,褡褳島海域銅藻藻場(chǎng)4637m~2面積內(nèi)銅藻資源總量為52.91kg,共474株,單位面積內(nèi)銅藻濕重為0.0114kg/m~2。(2)裙帶菜生長(zhǎng)與其他兩種藻類不同,通過水下錄像和聲納圖像確定其覆蓋情況,得到裙帶菜藻場(chǎng)覆蓋面積、單位藻礁的平均面積和裙帶菜的平均厚度,結(jié)合單位藻礁平均厚度-平均濕重曲線方程y = 5E-05x2 - 0.0028x + 0.0555,R2=0.91,估算裙帶菜藻場(chǎng)資源量,經(jīng)估算,獐子島馬坨5939m~2面積內(nèi)裙帶菜資源總量為266.83kg,單位面積內(nèi)裙帶菜濕重為0.0449kg/m~2。(3)大葉藻在平坦海底的聲納圖像呈斑塊狀,通過聲納圖像確定大葉藻有效覆蓋面積,結(jié)合有效覆蓋面積-平均濕重曲線方程y =- 2E - 05x2 +0.1034x-2.4975, R2=0.96,估算大葉藻場(chǎng)資源量,經(jīng)估算,塔河灣海域32873m~2面積內(nèi)大葉藻資源總量為434.38kg,單位面積大葉藻濕重為0.0132kg/m~2。(4)利用聲學(xué)方法可以得到三種大型藻類在海底的空間分布,由于三種大型藻類生態(tài)習(xí)性各不相同,因此空間分布特征存在很大差異。聲學(xué)方法評(píng)估大型藻場(chǎng),使用精準(zhǔn)的GPS定位,比傳統(tǒng)方法更加直觀、精確和高效,因此,該方法可行。但此方法依然屬于估算,隨著海洋精密測(cè)量?jī)x器的不斷開發(fā)和使用,測(cè)量精度不斷提高,測(cè)量結(jié)果更接近真實(shí)值,相關(guān)研究后續(xù)需進(jìn)一步跟進(jìn)。(5)聲學(xué)調(diào)查對(duì)設(shè)備操作能力、調(diào)查海域海況、設(shè)備屬性及數(shù)據(jù)后處理技術(shù)水平的要求較高,其中任何環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)偏差均會(huì)導(dǎo)致估算結(jié)果產(chǎn)生較大誤差,因此滿足一系列條件后,才能得到準(zhǔn)確結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The algae field of macroalgae is an important marine algae habitat, a habitat for marine life, such as fish, shelter and prey. Macroalgae can effectively reduce the degree of eutrophication in the marine ecological environment because of its obvious effect on the restoration of marine ecological environment. Reducing the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater is of high economic value, scientific research value and other utilization value. In this study, three macroalgae fields near Taghewan and Swertia Island, Lushun District, Dalian, were investigated in June 2016 to evaluate the resources of copper algae, pinnaria pinnatifida and macroalgae. The thickness, abundance, density and area of macroalgae in algal field were obtained by combining acoustic method with biological method by using lateral scanning sonar system and phreatic sampling. Estimate the resources of large seaweed farm. The use of acoustic method makes the assessment of algal resources more accurate and convenient. It also provides data support for the biological and diversity assessment of other algae farms and provides help for the rational development and utilization of algae resources. In this paper, side scan sonar survey and diving sampling of algae fields of different species of macroalgae in northern Huang Hai are carried out. The collected side scan sonar data and samples are the basic data sources of this study, and the results are the real time evaluation results of algae resources. Further research is needed to assess the annual average resources of algae farms. The results show that: (1) the copper algae grow up on the reef, and the number and average length of copper algae are obtained by sonar image. By the equation of average measured length and average wet weight curve y = 0.0013x2 0.7591x -34.9m R20.92a, the resources of copper algae field are estimated and estimated. The total amount of copper and algae resources in the 4637m~2 area of the 4637m~2 area in the Pangdao Sea area was 52.91 kg, with a total of 474 strains, and the wet weight of the algae per unit area was 0.0114 kg / m ~ 2 路m ~ (2). (2) the growth of hemp was different from that of the other two kinds of algae, and its coverage was determined by underwater video recording and sonar images. The coverage area, the average area per unit algal reef and the average thickness of the pinnaria pinnatifida were obtained. Combined with the equation of average thickness and average wet weight of the unit algal reef, y = 0.0028x 0.0555N R20.91, the resources of the field were estimated and estimated. In the 5939m~2 area of Matuo, Swertia, the total resources of the pedigree was 266.83 kg, and the wet weight of the leaf was 0.0449 kg / m 2. (3) the sonar images of the algae were plastered, and the effective coverage area of the algae was determined by the sonar images. Combined with the equation of effective coverage area and average wet weight curve, y -2e 05x2 0.1034x-2.4975, R2N 0.96. the resources of algae field were estimated. In the 32873m~2 area of Tahe Bay, the total amount of macroalgae resources is 434.38 kg, and the wet weight per unit area is 0.0132 kg / m ~ 2 路m ~ (2). (4) the spatial distribution of three species of macroalgae on the sea floor can be obtained by using acoustic method, because the ecological habits of the three species of macroalgae are different. Therefore, the spatial distribution features are very different. The acoustical method is more intuitive, accurate and efficient than the traditional method, so it is feasible. However, this method still belongs to the estimation. With the continuous development and use of the marine precision measuring instruments, the measurement accuracy is continuously improved, and the measurement results are closer to the true value. (5) the acoustics investigation has the ability to operate the equipment. In the investigation of sea conditions, the requirements of equipment attributes and data post-processing technology are high, and any deviation in any of them will lead to large errors in the estimation results, so the accurate results can be obtained only after a series of conditions have been satisfied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S932.7

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