本文選題：金沙河水庫 + 漁業(yè)資源��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：金沙河水庫是位于長江中游眾多水庫中的大型水庫之一,其在集水區(qū)特征、水庫形態(tài)、綜合的功能等方面均具有代表性,而且是重要的飲用水源地。本研究通過調(diào)查金沙河水庫基本漁業(yè)資源狀況并對其水體營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評價,利用生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模型軟件Ecopath with Ecosim構(gòu)建能夠代表該生態(tài)系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)的模型,并基于模型的功能對水庫生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能開展定量分析,探討大量放養(yǎng)濾食性鰱、鳙對水庫生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,主要結(jié)果如下:1、金沙河水庫全年水溫5.8~33.2℃,p H7.20~8.69,溶氧7.45~10.28 mg/L,氨氮含量0.0173~0.6763 mg/L,亞硝氮含量0~0.0057 mg/L,硝氮含量0.0421~0.2968 mg/L,總氮含量0.2167~0.9543 mg/L,活性磷含量0.0003~0.0222mg/L,總磷含量0.0040~0.0350 mg/L,COD含量0.6231~2.0625 mg/L,葉綠素a含量0.0035~0.0197 mg/L,有機(jī)碎屑含量1.488~3.411 mg/L。各理化指標(biāo)除總氮以外均在國家地表水II類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi),根據(jù)綜合營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)(TLI)評價出金沙河水庫的營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)表現(xiàn)夏、秋、春季為中營養(yǎng)型,冬季為貧營養(yǎng)型。2、金沙河河水庫共鑒定出浮游植物8門94屬216種,其密度變化范圍7.99×105~360.20×105 ind./L,生物量變化范圍0.7906~7.5478 mg/L,將各季節(jié)優(yōu)勢種類和經(jīng)Pearson相關(guān)性分析篩選出的環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)結(jié)果表明,篩選的環(huán)境因子中磷酸鹽(PO43--P)、總磷(TP)和溶氧(DO)是影響金沙河水庫浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要環(huán)境因子;共鑒定浮游動物95種,以原生動物和輪蟲種類較多,其密度變化范圍為4939.90~27238.10ind./L,生物量變化范圍為0.5579~1.4890 mg/L,經(jīng)RDA分析,影響金沙河水庫浮游動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要環(huán)境因子為NO3--N、TN和TP;共鑒定底棲動物23種,搖蚊幼蟲種類最多,金沙河水庫底棲動物密度范圍為320.00~1750.00 ind./L,生物量范圍為1.0846~10.9478 g/m2,且影響底棲動物群落的主要環(huán)境因子包括NH4+-N、PO43--P和TP。根據(jù)這三種餌料生物優(yōu)勢種、密度、生物量及相關(guān)指數(shù),評價金沙河水庫水體營養(yǎng)狀況與綜合營養(yǎng)指數(shù)評價的結(jié)果一致,即冬季為貧營養(yǎng),其余三個季節(jié)為中營養(yǎng)。3、建立金沙河水庫生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Ecopath模型。結(jié)果表明,該生態(tài)系統(tǒng)共4個有效營養(yǎng)級,各個功能組的能量分布呈“金字塔形”,且能量主要在4個營養(yǎng)級之間流動。系統(tǒng)能流通道主要包括牧食食物鏈和碎屑食物鏈,且系統(tǒng)對初級生產(chǎn)力利用效率低。系統(tǒng)TPP/TR值、CI指數(shù)、SOI指數(shù)和FCI循環(huán)指數(shù)分別為6.735、0.277、0.087和0.084,均顯示金沙河水庫生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,處于不成熟階段,各功能組連接松散,抵抗外界干擾能力差。系統(tǒng)對鳙的增殖放養(yǎng)密度過大,一方面對浮游動物的捕食壓力增大,使浮游植物得不到充分利用,另一方面,鳙對肉食性魚類的負(fù)面影響,會造成兇猛魚類數(shù)量越來越少,不利于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。與以前對金沙河水庫的研究相比較,金沙河水庫有富營養(yǎng)化趨勢,并且金沙河水庫氮含量偏高,而氮、磷含量與魚類餌料生物密切相關(guān)。因此,該水庫應(yīng)該加大力度控制氮、磷元素的輸入,以免水庫發(fā)生富營養(yǎng)化;另一方面,建議該水庫控制鳙的放養(yǎng)數(shù)量,調(diào)整鰱、鳙放養(yǎng)比例,并且適當(dāng)增加兇猛性魚類的數(shù)量,以利于提高該生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Jinsha River reservoir is one of the large reservoirs located in many reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is representative in water catchment area, reservoir shape, comprehensive function and so on. It is an important source of drinking water. This study evaluates the basic fishery resources of Jinsha River Reservoir and evaluates the nutrient status of the water body and uses the ecology. The system model software Ecopath with Ecosim constructs the model that can represent the characteristics of the ecosystem, and based on the function of the model to carry out quantitative analysis on the structure and function of the reservoir ecosystem, and discuss the influence of a large number of filter feeding carp and bighead carp on the structure of the reservoir ecosystem. The main results are as follows: 1, the water temperature of Jinsha River reservoir is 5.8~33.2 C in the whole year, P H7.20~8.69, dissolved oxygen 7.45~10.28 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen content 0.0173~0.6763 mg/L, nitrite nitrogen content 0~0.0057 mg/L, nitrate nitrogen content 0.0421~0.2968 mg/L, total nitrogen content 0.2167~0.9543 mg/L, active phosphorus content, total phosphorus content 2.0625 According to the comprehensive nutrition state index (TLI), the nutritional status of Jinsha River reservoir was evaluated in summer, autumn, spring, and poor nutrition type.2, and 8 gates and 94 genera of phytoplankton were identified in Jinsha He river reservoir, and the density change of the Jinsha River reservoir was found in the standard range of II water standard of the national surface water except total nitrogen in the national surface water standard range of water II. The range of 7.99 x 105~360.20 x 105 ind./L and the variation range of biomass 0.7906~7.5478 mg/L were used to analyze the environmental factors which were selected from various seasonal advantages and Pearson correlation analysis (Redundancy analysis, RDA). The results showed that the selected environmental factors were phosphate (PO43--P), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were affected by the Jinsha River river. The main environmental factors of the phytoplankton community structure; 95 species of zooplankton were identified. The species of protozoa and rotifer were more, the range of density was 4939.90~27238.10ind./L, and the range of biomass was 0.5579~1.4890 mg/L. The main environmental factors affecting the zooplankton community structure of Jinsha River reservoir were NO3--N, TN and TP. 23 species of benthic animals were identified, and the species of Chironomus were the most species. The range of benthic zoobenthos was 320.00~1750.00 ind./L and the range of biomass was 1.0846~10.9478 g/m2, and the main environmental factors affecting the benthic community included NH4+-N, PO43--P and TP., according to the three species of bait biodominant species, density, biomass and related index, The evaluation of the water nutrition status of Jinsha River reservoir is consistent with the evaluation of comprehensive nutrition index. That is, winter is poor nutrition and the other three seasons are medium nutrition.3, and the Ecopath model of Jinsha River reservoir ecosystem is set up. The result shows that the ecosystem has 4 effective nutrition levels, and the energy distribution of each power group is "Pyramid", and the energy is main. The system flow channel mainly consists of 4 trophic levels. The system flow channel mainly includes the grazing food chain and the detrital food chain, and the system has low utilization efficiency for primary productivity. The system TPP/TR value, the CI index, the SOI index and the FCI cycle index are 6.735,0.277,0.087 and 0.084 respectively, which show that the structure of the Jinsha River reservoir is simple and in the immature stage, On the other hand, the negative effects of the bighead bighead on the carnivorous fish will cause less and less ferocious fish, which is not conducive to the stability of the ecosystem structure. Compared with previous studies on Jinsha River reservoir, Jinsha River reservoir has a trend of eutrophication, and the nitrogen content of Jinsha River reservoir is high and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is closely related to fish bait organisms. Therefore, the reservoir should strengthen the control of nitrogen and phosphorus input so as to avoid the eutrophication of the reservoir; on the other hand, the reservoir should be recommended to the reservoir. We should control the stocking numbers of bighead carp, adjust the stocking proportion of silver carp and bighead carp, and increase the number of ferocious fish appropriately, so as to improve the stability of the ecosystem structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S932.4

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本文編號：1997643