本文選題：內(nèi)陸核電 + 選址　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著核電安全規(guī)劃和核電中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃的發(fā)布,我國核電建設(shè)將逐步恢復(fù)正常。停滯的內(nèi)陸核電建設(shè)將再次被提上議程。內(nèi)陸核電站退水中含有低放射性廢水,會(huì)對下游水質(zhì)安全構(gòu)成影響；一旦發(fā)生嚴(yán)重核電站事故,會(huì)對國家水資源安全構(gòu)成很大威脅。因此水資源安全與內(nèi)陸核電選址關(guān)系密切,是內(nèi)陸核電發(fā)展的重要前提,是內(nèi)陸核電安全體系的重要組成部分。本論文在資料調(diào)查、文獻(xiàn)查閱的基礎(chǔ)上,對我國核電站取排水情況進(jìn)行分析,構(gòu)建內(nèi)陸核電選址階段水資源安全的評價(jià)體系,建立基于層次分析法和基于模糊綜合分析法的內(nèi)陸核電選址階段水資源安全評價(jià)模型,并進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用實(shí)例研究。取得的主要研究成果如下：(1)收集我國核電站項(xiàng)目水資源論證的基礎(chǔ)資料,了解我國核電站取排水的基本情況。調(diào)研了我國現(xiàn)行的與核電選址有關(guān)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),篩選其中與保障水資源安全有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)上述資料分析內(nèi)陸核電選址階段的不同取排水特點(diǎn),具體分析放射性核素在各種水體中的遷移擴(kuò)散行為,放射性廢水對關(guān)鍵人群的放射性吸附劑量貢獻(xiàn)及應(yīng)急措施等內(nèi)容。(2)依據(jù)PSR模型理論建立內(nèi)陸核電選址階段水資源安全評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。其中準(zhǔn)則層包括三部分：壓力指標(biāo)、狀態(tài)指標(biāo)、響應(yīng)指標(biāo)。壓力指標(biāo)包括區(qū)域水資源緊缺程度、核電用水效率、排污總量、水域環(huán)境規(guī)劃相容性、水源保護(hù)、人口布局；狀態(tài)指標(biāo)包括受影響灌溉面積、農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水提高率、影響農(nóng)業(yè)用水量、影響工業(yè)用水量、影響生活用水量、生態(tài)基流、排污(放)口濃度、排污口下游濃度、納污能力；響應(yīng)指標(biāo)包括排放口設(shè)置、應(yīng)急計(jì)劃、放射性廢液的存儲(chǔ)、輻照劑量。(3)根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)行的與核電選址有關(guān)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)合最嚴(yán)格水資源管理,制定合理的評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并分別構(gòu)建基于層次分析法和模糊綜合分析法的水資源安全評價(jià)模型。以某核電站為實(shí)例,應(yīng)用構(gòu)建的評價(jià)模型對其進(jìn)行水資源安全綜合評價(jià),其結(jié)果顯示兩種不同模型的評價(jià)結(jié)果一致,評價(jià)認(rèn)為選址階段該核電站水資源安全基本能夠得到保障。給出的評價(jià)結(jié)論相互驗(yàn)證,增加評價(jià)系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確性和可信度,由此認(rèn)為該評價(jià)體系是可靠合理的。
[Abstract]:With the release of nuclear power safety plan and long-term nuclear power development plan, China's nuclear power construction will gradually return to normal. Stagnant inland nuclear power construction will once again be on the agenda. Inland nuclear power station contains low radioactive waste water, which will affect the safety of downstream water quality. In the event of a serious nuclear power plant accident, it will pose a great threat to the national water resources safety. Therefore, the safety of water resources is closely related to the location of inland nuclear power, which is an important prerequisite for the development of inland nuclear power and an important component of the safety system of inland nuclear power. On the basis of data investigation and literature review, this paper analyzes the drainage situation of nuclear power plants in China, and constructs an evaluation system of water resources safety in the stage of inland nuclear power selection. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive analysis (FCA), the water resources safety assessment model of inland nuclear power selection stage is established, and an application case study is carried out. The main research results obtained are as follows: (1) collecting the basic data of water resources argumentation of nuclear power plant project in China to understand the basic situation of draining water in nuclear power plant in China. The current technical standards related to nuclear power site selection in China are investigated, and the contents related to the safety of water resources are screened out. On the basis of the above data, the characteristics of different drainage in inland nuclear power site selection stage are analyzed, and the migration and diffusion behavior of radionuclides in various water bodies is analyzed in detail. According to the PSR model theory, the evaluation index system of water resources safety in the stage of inland nuclear power selection is established. The criterion layer includes three parts: pressure index, state index and response index. The pressure indicators include the degree of water shortage in the region, the efficiency of water use for nuclear power, the total amount of sewage, the compatibility of environmental planning in water areas, the protection of water sources, and the population distribution; the state indicators include affected irrigation areas, and the rate of improvement of water saving in agriculture. Affecting agricultural water consumption, affecting industrial water consumption, affecting domestic water consumption, ecological base flow, sewage (discharge) outlet concentration, downstream concentration of sewage outlet, and capacity to absorb pollution; response indicators include discharge port setting, emergency plan, storage of radioactive waste liquid, According to the current technical standards related to nuclear power site selection and the strictest water resources management in China, the reasonable evaluation criteria are formulated and the water resources safety assessment models based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive analysis are constructed respectively. Taking a nuclear power plant as an example, the comprehensive evaluation of water resources safety of a nuclear power plant is carried out by using the evaluation model. The results show that the evaluation results of two different models are the same, and the evaluation results show that the water resources safety of the nuclear power plant can be basically guaranteed in the stage of site selection. The evaluation results are mutually verified to increase the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation system. It is concluded that the evaluation system is reliable and reasonable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV213.4

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本文編號：1918420