本文選題：建三江分局 + 水資源　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：建三江分局是我國(guó)重要的商品糧基地之一,區(qū)域生產(chǎn)的糧食主要供給我國(guó)各個(gè)省份,在我國(guó)糧食供應(yīng)中占有極重要地位。然而,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)動(dòng),水田的大規(guī)模種植使得日趨短缺的水資源已成為制約區(qū)域內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要限制因素。截止到2014年,區(qū)域內(nèi)現(xiàn)有耕地已發(fā)展到8641.52 km~2,與2000年比較增加了536.37 km~2。其中,水田面積增加了5370.25 km~2,到2014年面積已經(jīng)達(dá)到7289.50 km~2占區(qū)域耕地面積的比例由2000年的24%到2014年達(dá)到84%,占區(qū)域面積的比例由2000年的16%發(fā)展到2014年為60%。區(qū)域內(nèi)水田規(guī)模發(fā)展迅速,而且還呈現(xiàn)著擴(kuò)增的趨勢(shì)。近些年來(lái),隨著水田面積的增加,農(nóng)業(yè)耗水量劇增,地下水位大幅度降低,機(jī)電井吊泵現(xiàn)象常有發(fā)生,造成水稻減產(chǎn),致使區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失慘重,威脅區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,國(guó)家的糧食安全。因此,為保證糧食安全、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,計(jì)算區(qū)域內(nèi)在現(xiàn)有的水利設(shè)施條件下,即在區(qū)域可開采利用的水資源量的條件下,合理利用區(qū)域耕地面積及水田面積問題,成為區(qū)域內(nèi)基于水資源條件下開發(fā)利用耕地,解決農(nóng)業(yè)用水與生活用水等矛盾的關(guān)鍵問題。本文從區(qū)域水資源量的角度計(jì)算區(qū)域耕地面積。以黑龍江省墾區(qū)建三江分局為研究區(qū),依據(jù)遙感影像,土地利用二調(diào)數(shù)據(jù),社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì),水文氣象數(shù)據(jù)等資料,根據(jù)區(qū)域特點(diǎn)僅僅圍繞著區(qū)域現(xiàn)有土地資源利用的問題,利用水量平衡原理分析區(qū)域內(nèi)現(xiàn)有水利設(shè)施條件下的供水量,需水量。在此基礎(chǔ)上利用開采模數(shù)法計(jì)算各個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的水資源量。結(jié)合求解區(qū)域耕地規(guī)模模型計(jì)算區(qū)域內(nèi)適宜耕地規(guī)模。最后將計(jì)算的適宜規(guī)模與區(qū)域現(xiàn)有耕地面積及水田面積進(jìn)行比較,分析區(qū)域內(nèi)耕地及水田是否超限。以期為區(qū)域水、土資源的開發(fā)利用,耕地的適宜規(guī)模問題提供參考依據(jù)。建三江分局由15個(gè)國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)組成,農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)是該區(qū)域的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,農(nóng)業(yè)種植作物以水稻為主,農(nóng)業(yè)耗水量巨大,因此對(duì)于建三江分局耕地規(guī)模尤其是水田規(guī)模的研究尤為重要。根據(jù)以上計(jì)算過(guò)程進(jìn)行計(jì)算,本文所得的主要研究成果如下:通過(guò)水資源的分析,建三江分局地下水超采嚴(yán)重,超采9.87億立方米。部分農(nóng)場(chǎng)開采量超限嚴(yán)重,如創(chuàng)業(yè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)、濃江農(nóng)場(chǎng)、前進(jìn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)、大興農(nóng)場(chǎng)、七星農(nóng)場(chǎng)和前鋒農(nóng)場(chǎng)這幾個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的開采量已超過(guò)適宜的地下水開采量。勤得利農(nóng)場(chǎng)還有很大的空間可繼續(xù)開采區(qū)域水資源。建三江分局耕地總體規(guī)模變大,其中水田、旱地的變化最為明顯。水田面積增加,旱地面積縮減且水田的變化速率高于旱地的變化。到2014年區(qū)域耕地規(guī)模與適宜規(guī)模比較超限6411.81 km~2。其中,水田面積超限5303.71 km~2。和區(qū)域耕地超限面積非常接近,由此可知,區(qū)域內(nèi)耕地的超限面積主要來(lái)自于水田面積的增加。其中,八五九農(nóng)場(chǎng),前進(jìn)農(nóng)場(chǎng),七星農(nóng)場(chǎng)和前鋒農(nóng)場(chǎng)水田面積超限嚴(yán)重,超限面積在360-480 km~2之間。二道河農(nóng)場(chǎng),創(chuàng)業(yè)農(nóng)場(chǎng),濃江農(nóng)場(chǎng),青龍山農(nóng)場(chǎng),紅衛(wèi)農(nóng)場(chǎng),洪河農(nóng)場(chǎng),前哨農(nóng)場(chǎng)和大興農(nóng)場(chǎng),這幾個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的水田面積也都超限,超限面積在230-290 km~2之間。根據(jù)計(jì)算可知,各個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的適宜水田面積占各自區(qū)域面積的25%或26%。2000-2014年間水田面積變化顯著。不僅在數(shù)量上有明顯的變化,在空間上也有顯著的變化。且集中連片式的規(guī)模發(fā)展擴(kuò)張。水田的大面積集中擴(kuò)張,而旱地僅在區(qū)域的邊緣地帶成零星狀分布存在。因此,根據(jù)結(jié)論可知建三江分局在現(xiàn)有的水利設(shè)施,現(xiàn)有水資源利用條件下,已不再適合繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大耕地面積。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang branch is one of the important commodity grain bases in China. The grain produced in the region is mainly supplied to all provinces in China and occupies an important position in the grain supply of our country. However, because of the driving of economic benefits, the large-scale planting of the paddy field makes the increasingly scarce water resources become the main restriction of the sustainable development of the agricultural economy in the region. As of 2014, the existing cultivated land in the region has developed to 8641.52 km~2, which has increased by 536.37 km~2. compared with 2000. The area of the paddy field increased by 5370.25 km~2, and the proportion of the area reached to 7289.50 km~2 in 2014 reached 84% from 24% to 2014 in 2000, and the proportion of the area is 16 in 2000. In 2014, the scale of the paddy field developed rapidly in the 60%. region, and it also showed a trend of expansion. In recent years, with the increase of the area of the paddy field, the agricultural water consumption increased dramatically, the groundwater level was greatly reduced, the phenomenon of the mechanical and electrical hoist pump often occurred, resulting in the reduction of rice production, the heavy loss of the regional agricultural economy and the threat of regional economic development. Therefore, in order to ensure food security and ensure the sustainable and stable development of the regional economy, under the conditions of the existing water conservancy facilities in the region, that is, under the conditions of the water resources available in the region, the area of cultivated land and the area of paddy field are rationally utilized, and the cultivated land is developed and utilized under the conditions of water resources in the region. To solve the key problems of the contradiction between agricultural water use and domestic water use. This paper calculates regional arable land area from the angle of regional water resources. Taking the Sanjiang branch of Heilongjiang reclamation area as the research area, according to remote sensing images, the land use two data, social economy, hydrometeorological data and so on, according to the regional characteristics, only around the region existing. Using the principle of water balance, the water supply and water demand under the existing water conservancy facilities in the region are analyzed by the principle of water balance. On this basis, the amount of water resources of each farm is calculated by mining modulus method. The suitable scale of cultivated land in the region is calculated by solving the model of regional cultivated land scale. Finally, the suitable scale of calculation and regional current are now calculated. In order to provide reference basis for regional water, exploitation and utilization of soil resources and the suitable scale of cultivated land, the Sanjiang branch is composed of 15 state-owned farms, and the agricultural economy is the main economic development mode of the region, and the agricultural crops are rice. Mainly, the agricultural water consumption is huge, so it is particularly important to study the scale of cultivated land in Sanjiang branch, especially the scale of paddy field. According to the calculation process above, the main research results of this paper are as follows: through the analysis of water resources, the groundwater overoverexploitation in Sanjiang branch is serious and overmining 987 million cubic meters. Such farms, such as entrepreneurial farms, strong River farms, Qianjin farm, Daxing farm, seven star farm and forward farm, have exceeded the appropriate groundwater exploitation. The farm still has a lot of space to continue to exploit regional water resources. The Sanjiang branch has a large scale of cultivated land, of which the paddy fields and dryland changes are the most. It is obvious that the area of paddy field is increased, the area of dry land is reduced and the rate of change of paddy field is higher than that of dry land. By 2014, the area of cultivated land and suitable scale are over 6411.81 km~2., the area exceeding limit of 5303.71 km~2. of paddy field and the overlimit area of cultivated land are very close. The area of farmland is increasing. Among them, 859 farm, Qianjin farm, seven star farm and forwards farm have a serious area of over limited area. The area of Overlimited area is between 360-480 km~2. The two Dao river farm, the venture farm, the strong river farm, the Qinglong mountain farm, the Hongwei farm, the Honghe farm, the sentinel farm and the Daxing farm, the area of the paddy fields of these farms are also beyond the limit, super area. The limited area is between 230-290 km~2. According to the calculation, the suitable paddy field area of each farm accounts for a significant change in the area of 25% or 26%.2000-2014 in the area of each area. The dryland is only scattered in the marginal zone of the region. Therefore, it is concluded that the Sanjiang branch is no longer suitable for continuing to expand the area of cultivated land under the existing water resources utilization conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.21

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