本文選題：時(shí)空分布　切入點(diǎn)：氣候變化　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：水資源時(shí)空分布不均勻是我國(guó)水資源短缺的主要原因，合理調(diào)配水資源，不僅能解決局部水資源短缺的問(wèn)題，還能促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展。阿什河中上游流域位于黑龍江省，農(nóng)業(yè)用水量大，水資源短缺，而且工農(nóng)生用水矛盾突出。因此，通過(guò)分析當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源時(shí)空分布規(guī)律及其對(duì)氣候變化的響應(yīng)，給出合理的水資源調(diào)配策略，，從而解決水資源矛盾，就顯得尤為重要。 本課題通過(guò)研究阿什河中上游流域的溫度、降水量、蒸散發(fā)量和徑流量的時(shí)間動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律和空間分布格局，并采用SWAT模型模擬氣候變化對(duì)阿什河中上游流域蒸散發(fā)量和徑流量的影響，進(jìn)而給出阿什河中上游流域水資源的合理利用建議。考慮到水資源時(shí)空分布及其對(duì)氣候變化響應(yīng)的普遍性，本課題的研究方法與結(jié)果將可供全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)其它類(lèi)似地區(qū)和流域參考。主要結(jié)論如下： 采用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)方法分析研究區(qū)1991-2010年溫度、降水量、蒸散發(fā)量和徑流量的變化趨勢(shì)，得出溫度呈上升趨勢(shì)，降水量、蒸散發(fā)量和徑流量呈下降趨勢(shì)。研究阿什河中上游流域溫度、降水量、蒸散發(fā)量和徑流量的空間分布規(guī)律，得出研究區(qū)上游海拔較高的林地年均溫度最低，中下游耕地溫度較低，下游城鎮(zhèn)用地溫度較高。多年平均降水量在研究區(qū)下游比較豐富，中游帽兒山鎮(zhèn)和平山鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)降水量相對(duì)較少；蒸散發(fā)量空間分布不均勻，降水量多、溫度高的亞流域，蒸散發(fā)量較大。不同土地利用方式也會(huì)影響蒸散發(fā)量空間分布規(guī)律，但是相對(duì)于降水量和溫度來(lái)講，影響作用較小。徑流量空間分布規(guī)律受氣候變化影響較小，主要表現(xiàn)為從研究區(qū)上游到下游沿著主河道逐漸增加，在流域出水口達(dá)到最大值，并且離主河道越近徑流量越大。 分析氣候變化對(duì)阿什河中上游流域蒸散發(fā)和徑流的影響,指出徑流隨著溫度的增加而減小，隨著降水量的增加而增加；蒸散發(fā)隨著溫度和降水量的增加而增大。并結(jié)合阿什河中上游流域的土地利用類(lèi)型、地形地貌、氣候條件以及水資源空間分布狀況，可以將研究區(qū)劃分為七個(gè)功能區(qū)：1、水田擴(kuò)大區(qū)；2、水資源受納區(qū)；3、水源涵養(yǎng)林保護(hù)區(qū)；4、水改旱區(qū)；5、水土流失保護(hù)區(qū)；6、種植業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整區(qū)（退耕）；7、水資源補(bǔ)給區(qū)；。這將使研究區(qū)的水資源得到合理利用，并將促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The uneven distribution of water resources in time and space is the main cause of water resources shortage in China. The rational allocation of water resources can not only solve the problem of local water resources shortage, but also promote the development of local economy and society.The upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River are located in Heilongjiang Province. The agricultural water consumption is large, the water resources are short, and the contradiction between industrial and agricultural water consumption is prominent.Therefore, by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of local water resources and their response to climate change, it is particularly important to give a reasonable allocation strategy of water resources to solve the contradiction of water resources.In this paper, the temporal dynamic changes and spatial distribution patterns of temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River were studied.The effects of climate change on the evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper and middle reaches of Ashi River were simulated by using SWAT model, and the reasonable utilization of water resources in the upper and middle reaches of Ashi River was suggested.Considering the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and the universality of its response to climate change, the research methods and results of this paper can be used as reference for other similar regions and basins in the whole country.The main conclusions are as follows:The variation trend of temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the study area from 1991 to 2010 was analyzed by using non-parametric test method. The results showed that the temperature showed an upward trend, the precipitation, the evapotranspiration and the runoff showed a downward trend.The spatial distribution of temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper reaches of Ashi River is studied. The results show that the average annual temperature of forestland with higher elevation is the lowest, the temperature of cultivated land is lower in the middle and lower reaches of the study area, and the temperature of urban land is higher in the lower reaches of the study area.The annual average precipitation is abundant in the lower reaches of the study area, and the precipitation is relatively small in the middle reaches of Maoershan Town and Pingshan Town, the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration is uneven, the precipitation is more, and the amount of evapotranspiration is larger in the subbasin with high temperature.The spatial distribution of evapotranspiration was also affected by different land use patterns, but the effect was less than that of precipitation and temperature.The spatial distribution of runoff is less affected by climate change, which mainly shows that the runoff increases gradually along the main channel from upstream to downstream in the study area, and reaches the maximum value at the outlet of the river basin, and the closer the runoff is to the main channel, the greater the runoff is.The effects of climate change on the evapotranspiration and runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River are analyzed. It is pointed out that the runoff decreases with the increase of temperature and increases with the increase of precipitation, and the evapotranspiration increases with the increase of temperature and precipitation.Combined with the land use types, landforms, climatic conditions and spatial distribution of water resources in the upper and middle reaches of the Ashi River,The study zoning can be divided into seven functional areas: 1, 2 expanded paddy fields, 3 water resources receiving areas, 4 water conservation forest protection areas, 5 water conversion arid areas, 6 soil erosion protection areas, 6 planting industry industrial structure adjustment areas (returning farmland 7, water resources recharge area 7).This will make rational use of water resources in the research area and promote local economic and social development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV211;P467

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