本文關鍵詞： 季節(jié)性河流 干支流交匯區(qū) 洪水資源利用 白城市　出處：《大連理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：季節(jié)性河流徑流量分布差異較大,年內集中于汛期的幾個月內,年際豐枯變化劇烈,在傳統(tǒng)防洪思想下,洪水被視作猛獸避之不及。隨著經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展,近些年來我國對水資源的需求量越來越大,地下水的利用已接近極限,洪水資源的利用逐漸被重視。洪水在可能造成災害的同時,也是重要的動力、生態(tài)、肥力和淡水資源,洪水資源的利用不僅為農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、人民生活帶來效益,也對恢復和保持良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境起到重要作用。洪水資源的利用具有巨大的社會經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)環(huán)境效益。 河流的中下游地區(qū),地勢較為平坦,缺少大型水利樞紐設施,由于歷史河流自然運行,干支流交匯區(qū)常分布有濕地、泡沼、灌區(qū)等天然蓄水空間。近年來,中小河流上游水利工程的攔蓄導致下游干枯斷流現(xiàn)象頻繁發(fā)生,水資源供需矛盾十分突出,利用干流較大的水量為交匯地區(qū)濕地、泡沼和灌區(qū)提供水源,成本低,效益顯著。通過干支流的水量調節(jié)互濟,可實現(xiàn)低成本和安全高效利用洪水資源,協(xié)調好干支流之間的水文補償機制將洪水安全蓄滯,將極大地緩解區(qū)域用水的緊張情況。本文以吉林省白城市為例,針對季節(jié)性河流干支流的水文聯(lián)系和交匯區(qū)的蓄水特點,開展了以下研究： (1)綜述“洪水資源利用”的背景和意義,介紹“洪水資源利用”研究和實施概況,提出本文研究內容和技術路線。以吉林省白城市為例,對其自然地理、社會經(jīng)濟、水文氣象、通河湖庫和水資源概況進行介紹。 (2)基于蓄水單元可引蓄河流的地理位置,將干支流交匯區(qū)的洪水資源利用分為三段：引支流洪水段、干支流結合引水段和引干流洪水段,得出各段的引水結構圖,明確各段蓄水空間容量；對干支流歷史徑流資料分析,得出干支流遭遇規(guī)律,進而得出干支流水文補償特性。 (3)對干支流交匯區(qū)域的洪水資源利用進行評價,明確區(qū)域洪水資源利用情況,包括洪水資源量、洪水資源利用水平、洪水資源可利用量和洪水資源利用潛力,分別對其進行分析與計算,為區(qū)域洪水資源利用規(guī)劃方案提供參考。 (4)介紹干支流洪水資源利用原則、實施步驟和規(guī)劃方法,對各蓄水單元的水量平衡進行分析,以支流不同水平年份著手,分別分析不同干支流遭遇情況下的洪水資源利用規(guī)劃方案,為洪水資源預案制定和實時操作提供參考。最后,總結全文,對洪水資源的利用進行展望。
[Abstract]:The seasonal river runoff distribution is quite different, the year concentrated in the flood season several months, the annual abundance and withered change is sharp, under the traditional flood control thought, the flood is regarded as the fierce beast to avoid. With the development of the economy and society, In recent years, the demand for water resources in China is increasing, the utilization of groundwater is approaching the limit, and the utilization of flood water resources has been gradually attached importance to. Flood is also an important driving force, ecological, fertility and fresh water resources, while it may cause disasters. The utilization of flood water resources not only brings benefits to agricultural irrigation, industrial production and people's life, but also plays an important role in restoring and maintaining a good ecological environment. In the middle and lower reaches of rivers, the topography is relatively flat and the facilities of large water conservancy projects are lacking. Due to the natural operation of historical rivers, the main and tributaries are often distributed in wetland, bubble marshes, irrigation areas and other natural water storage spaces. In recent years, The blocking of water conservancy projects in the upper reaches of medium and small rivers frequently leads to the phenomenon of dry and dry water flow in the lower reaches, and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is very prominent. The benefit is remarkable. By adjusting the water amount of the trunk and tributaries, the flood resources can be utilized safely and efficiently, and the hydrological compensation mechanism between the trunk and tributaries can be coordinated to ensure the safe storage of the flood. This paper takes Baicheng, Jilin Province as an example, according to the hydrological connection of seasonal river tributaries and the characteristics of water storage in the intersection area, the following studies have been carried out:. This paper summarizes the background and significance of flood resources utilization, introduces the research and implementation of flood resources utilization, and puts forward the research contents and technical routes of this paper. Taking Baicheng city of Jilin province as an example, the natural geography, social economy, hydrology and meteorology are discussed. The general situation of Tonghe Lake and water resources is introduced. (2) based on the geographical location of the water storage unit, the flood resources in the intersection area of the trunk and tributaries are divided into three sections: the flood section of the diversion tributary, the diversion section of the trunk and the flood section of the diversion stream, and the drawing structure of each section is obtained. By analyzing the historical runoff data of the main tributaries, the encountered law of the main tributaries is obtained, and the hydrological compensation characteristics of the main tributaries are obtained. (3) to evaluate the utilization of flood resources in the confluence of trunk and tributaries, and to clarify the situation of the utilization of flood resources, including the quantity of flood resources, the level of utilization of flood water resources, the availability of flood resources and the utilization potential of flood resources. It is analyzed and calculated separately to provide reference for regional flood resource utilization planning. 4) introducing the utilization principle, implementing steps and planning methods of flood resources of trunk and tributaries, analyzing the water balance of each water storage unit, and starting with the year of different level of tributaries. The planning scheme of flood resource utilization under different trunk and tributaries is analyzed separately to provide reference for flood resource planning and real-time operation. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text and forecasts the utilization of flood resources.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV213.9

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 許清濤;;白城市生態(tài)環(huán)境建設的水資源發(fā)展對策[J];白城師范學院學報;2007年04期

2 李秀芹;徐慶;張國斌;;濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務功能及其恢復與保護對策[J];中國林副特產(chǎn);2008年05期

3 許士國;李文義;;河流水資源結構分解及其應用研究[J];大連理工大學學報;2008年05期

4 李長安;長江洪水資源化思考[J];地球科學;2003年04期

5 國家防辦課題調研組;;洪水資源化調研報告[J];中國防汛抗旱;2004年02期

6 張德福;;洪水資源利用的進展與實踐——以松遼流域為例[J];中國防汛抗旱;2008年06期

7 李忠東;;美國的洪水資源化利用[J];資源與人居環(huán)境;2010年17期

8 趙天野;董小舟;董小輝;;白城市洪水資源的特點及利用實踐[J];地下水;2010年01期

9 秦廣秀;王吉;;海河流域防汛抗旱工作“兩個轉變”的實踐與探索[J];中國防汛抗旱;2009年04期

10 田友,楊學軍;海河流域中小洪水調度探析[J];海河水利;2003年02期

，

本文編號：1512892