新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-11 02:20
本文關(guān)鍵詞：新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式研究 出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型：學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章： 新疆 煤炭資源開發(fā) 生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式 政府補(bǔ)償 市場(chǎng)補(bǔ)償 “混——?jiǎng)印?/b> 補(bǔ)償模式
【摘要】：全國(guó)各地區(qū)、各領(lǐng)域迎來(lái)了生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)男乱惠喞顺保禾抠Y源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償研究?jī)H僅停留在理論闡釋和政府補(bǔ)償?shù)瘸跫?jí)階段。生態(tài)補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定，生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式研究，生態(tài)補(bǔ)償相關(guān)利益的分配以及生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的有效性研究等，仍然是生態(tài)補(bǔ)償全面推廣過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。若是這些節(jié)點(diǎn)不能有效梳理、關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)不能有所突破，勢(shì)必會(huì)影響生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制在煤炭資源開發(fā)中的應(yīng)用。 新疆作為國(guó)家煤炭資源的高度富集區(qū)和國(guó)家能源重化工基地，在其煤炭資源的開發(fā)過(guò)程中，面臨著開發(fā)與生態(tài)保護(hù)之間的突出矛盾。生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，全區(qū)92%的面積屬于戈壁、荒漠，綠洲占比僅為8%，煤炭礦山開發(fā)造成地表變形，誘發(fā)地面塌陷、土地沙漠化加深、大氣和水污染等生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。 礦山開發(fā)活動(dòng)對(duì)地表環(huán)境造成直接破壞，不可避免的出現(xiàn)地表變形，導(dǎo)致地下采空引起地面塌陷、山體滑坡、地表裂縫、泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害，這一系列問(wèn)題勢(shì)必會(huì)造成土地沙化的加劇，同時(shí)使得土地荒漠化、草原退化、鹽堿化程度加深。 針對(duì)新疆資源豐富、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、生態(tài)功能重要的特點(diǎn)，迫切需要國(guó)家和地區(qū)加快建立生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，對(duì)重點(diǎn)礦區(qū)和資源輸出地區(qū)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。本文對(duì)新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式進(jìn)行研究，旨在通過(guò)分析，為新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式的構(gòu)建提供參考依據(jù)，為解決煤炭資源開發(fā)與生態(tài)保護(hù)的矛盾尋求可行的途徑，確保地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)與生態(tài)安全。 本文第二章，根據(jù)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式劃分的理論依據(jù)出發(fā)，并對(duì)常見的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式按照不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分類劃分。第三章從不同角度對(duì)政府補(bǔ)償模式和市場(chǎng)補(bǔ)償模式的進(jìn)行詳細(xì)研究，以期為下面章節(jié)做理論分析基礎(chǔ)。第四章是本文的核心章節(jié)之一，該章節(jié)通過(guò)對(duì)“政府”和“市場(chǎng)”兩種模式進(jìn)行比較后，，引入“兩化一率”指標(biāo)，采用AHP法對(duì)新疆生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行權(quán)重賦值，建立新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)“混——?jiǎng)印鄙鷳B(tài)補(bǔ)償模式體系。第五章是文章的重要核心部分，結(jié)合上文的分析，構(gòu)建出多種新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償有效模式，并從整體上提出保障這些模式正常運(yùn)行的政策建議。 通過(guò)本文研究，期望對(duì)新疆煤炭資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償模式的實(shí)施提供參考性建議，并有助于煤炭資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制在新疆取得可參照性、可操作性進(jìn)展。
[Abstract]:All regions of the country in various fields, ushered in a new wave of ecological compensation, but the study on ecological compensation for coal resources development only in theory and government compensation. The primary stage of the development of ecological compensation standard, study on ecological compensation model, research on the effectiveness of the distribution of ecological compensation benefits and ecological compensation mechanism, still comprehensive promotion of ecological compensation is the key in the process. If these nodes can not be effectively combing, breakthrough key point, application is bound to influence the ecological compensation mechanism in coal resources development.
Xinjiang is a high level of national coal resource rich region and the national energy and heavy chemical industry base in the exploitation process of coal resources, facing the contradictions between the development and ecological protection. The ecological environment is fragile, the 92% area belongs to the Gobi desert, oasis, accounted for only 8%, the coal mine development caused by surface deformation induced. Ground subsidence, land desertification deepened, air and water pollution and other environmental damage.
Mining activities cause direct damage to the surface environment, inevitably lead to surface deformation, underground goaf caused by ground subsidence, landslides, ground fissures, geological disasters such as landslides, which will cause a series of problems of land desertification, the land desertification, grassland degradation, salinization degree is deeper.
The Xinjiang is rich in resources, a fragile ecological environment, the characteristics of important ecological functions, the urgent need to accelerate the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism of countries and regions, to compensate for the key mining area and resource output area. This paper focuses on the research of ecological compensation in Xinjiang coal resources development model, through analysis, provide a reference for the establishment of ecological compensation mode of development of coal resources in Xinjiang the search for viable approach to resolve the conflict of coal resources development and ecological protection, to ensure regional economic and ecological safety.
In the second chapter, on the basis of theoretical basis for dividing ecological compensation mode, and the common ecological compensation mode according to different standards of classification. The third chapter from different angles of government compensation and market compensation mode mode were studied in detail. In order to do theoretical analysis for the following chapters. The fourth chapter is one of the core chapters in this paper, this chapter compares the "government" and "market" two modes after the introduction of "two a rate" indicators, weights assigned by AHP method in Xinjiang ecological compensation design standards, establish the development of coal resources in Xinjiang "mixed -" model of ecological compensation system. The fifth chapter is the core part of the article, based on the above analysis, to build an effective compensation mode of the development of coal resources in Xinjiang ecological variety, and proposes to ensure the normal operation of the policy of these models on the whole Suggestion.
Through this study, we hope to provide some reference suggestions for the implementation of the ecological compensation mode of Xinjiang's coal resources development, and help the coal resources development eco compensation mechanism in Xinjiang to achieve referable and operational progress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X24;F426.21
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