【摘要】：自然資源給我們的生存供應(yīng)了各種生產(chǎn)資料,保持資源的長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展對社會(huì)有很大意義。土地是一種重要的自然資源,它和我們的生活息息相關(guān),為我們提供了居住的場所和食物的來源。土地資源作為一種不可替代的資源,是人類生存和發(fā)展的重要保障,但隨著世界人口的膨脹,可耕地面積的減少,耕地資源日益緊張起來。因此,對耕地資源的保證,研究如何提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)值,具有社會(huì)效益。精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)地、有針對地、合理地提高耕地單位面積農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)值的研究課題。伴隨信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,信息化應(yīng)用的高產(chǎn)能,高效率在生活的各方面受到人們廣泛關(guān)注。社會(huì)對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不斷加大研究和投入,通過把信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)作物播種,施肥,收割的自動(dòng)化進(jìn)行,精確化管理方式逐漸推廣,精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的得到了確立。信息化發(fā)展推動(dòng)了全球定位系統(tǒng)對民用的放開,其定位精度雖達(dá)不到軍用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但其精度可以適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的需要,其定位功能為農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了良好的必要條件。實(shí)施精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)在增加作業(yè)效率的同時(shí),也符合增量、增效、節(jié)能綠色這些規(guī)�；茖W(xué)種植的要求。變量施肥屬于精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的一項(xiàng)研究課題,其運(yùn)用推廣可以提高耕作效率。我國幅員遼闊,在大多數(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)耕作區(qū)域,化肥的播撒主要依靠人工播撒的方式,不僅作業(yè)速度低,沒有充分利用生產(chǎn)資料,作業(yè)難度大,消耗大量人力成本,而且過量投入肥料影響土地肥力失衡,水土流失,影響農(nóng)作物生長和質(zhì)量等問題。精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)中的變量施肥可以改善作業(yè)效率,對減少這些問題具有良好的輔助作用。本文首先對精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)做了簡要論述,對國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r做了簡要的介紹,在充分調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了自已的變量施肥設(shè)計(jì)方案,并對其主要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)所在做了詳細(xì)介紹。在本文制作的變量施肥工作裝置中,采用TMS320F28335為主要的處理器,利用GPS采集當(dāng)前地理位置的經(jīng)緯度,對照存儲(chǔ)的決策數(shù)據(jù)獲取該地塊的作業(yè)信息。依照作業(yè)設(shè)備的實(shí)際作業(yè)量和拖拉機(jī)行進(jìn)的速度成正比,控制器通過控制變速器變速比值可以達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)實(shí)際作業(yè)量的目的。其功能可以概括為,根據(jù)拖拉機(jī)所在操作地塊的位置,查找相對應(yīng)的施肥決策信息,通過控制施肥軸的轉(zhuǎn)速,實(shí)現(xiàn)變量施肥的效果。在文章的最后部分,對研究過程中遇到的問題進(jìn)行了分析與思考。
[Abstract]:Natural resources supply all kinds of means of production to our survival, and it is of great significance to maintain the long-term sustainable development of resources. Land is an important natural resource, which is closely related to our life and provides us with a place to live and a source of food. As an irreplaceable resource, land resource is an important guarantee for human survival and development. However, with the expansion of world population and the decrease of arable land area, cultivated land resources become increasingly tight. Therefore, the guarantee of cultivated land resources, research on how to improve the output value of crops has social benefits. Precision agriculture is a scientific, targeted, and reasonable improvement of agricultural output per unit area of arable land. With the development of information technology, the high productivity and high efficiency of information application have been paid more and more attention in all aspects of life. Through the application of information technology to agriculture, the automation of crop seeding, fertilization and harvesting is realized, and the precise management method is gradually popularized, and the precision agriculture is established. The development of information technology has promoted the opening of GPS to civil use. Although its positioning accuracy can not reach the military standard, its precision can meet the needs of agricultural production and application, and its positioning function provides a good necessary condition for the development of agriculture. The implementation of precision agriculture not only increases the operational efficiency, but also meets the requirements of scientific planting such as increment, efficiency, energy saving and green. Variable rate fertilization is a research subject in precision agriculture, and its application and extension can improve tillage efficiency. Our country has a vast territory. In most agricultural farming areas, the distribution of chemical fertilizers mainly depends on artificial sowing. Not only is the speed of operation low, the means of production are not fully utilized, the operation is very difficult, and a large amount of manpower costs are consumed. Moreover, excessive fertilization affects the imbalance of soil fertility, soil erosion, crop growth and quality, and so on. Variable rate fertilization in precision agriculture can improve the efficiency of operation and can help to reduce these problems. In this paper, firstly, the precision agriculture is briefly discussed, and the development situation at home and abroad is briefly introduced. On the basis of full investigation, the design scheme of variable rate fertilization is put forward. The main functions and innovations are introduced in detail. In the variable-rate fertilization working device made in this paper, TMS320F28335 is used as the main processor, and GPS is used to collect the latitude and longitude of the current geographical position, and the job information of the plot is obtained by comparing the stored decision data. According to the fact that the actual operation quantity of the operation equipment is proportional to the speed of the tractor, the controller can adjust the actual operation quantity by controlling the variable speed ratio of the transmission. Its function can be summarized as following: according to the location of the tractor in the operating plot, the corresponding fertilization decision information can be found, and the effect of variable rate fertilization can be realized by controlling the rotation speed of the fertilizing shaft. In the last part of the article, the problems encountered in the research process are analyzed and considered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP273

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