本文選題：灌區(qū) + 磁致伸縮傳感器��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和城市的發(fā)展,水資源緊缺已經(jīng)是一個全球性的問題。我國的農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水占據(jù)全國總用水量的60%以上,但是灌溉水利用系數(shù)平均不足0.5,為了實現(xiàn)灌區(qū)節(jié)約用水和科學(xué)用水,對用水進(jìn)行精確測量顯得尤為重要。傳統(tǒng)的測量工具已經(jīng)無法滿足灌區(qū)對實時用水情況的需要,因此對水情的自動化測量成為一種趨勢。本文在對灌區(qū)水位流量測量技術(shù)的發(fā)展、研究現(xiàn)狀的分析基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合目前灌區(qū)的特點,設(shè)計開發(fā)了高精度、低成本的磁致伸縮水位傳感器,并基于磁致伸縮水位傳感器研究了灌區(qū)渠道水位流量采集系統(tǒng)。取得主要進(jìn)展如下:(1)磁致伸縮水位傳感器開發(fā)。根據(jù)灌區(qū)渠道水位測量要求,設(shè)計傳感器頭部外殼、金屬探測桿外形、活動浮子形狀和大小、線圈骨架等的機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)。通過對激勵脈沖參數(shù)的分析,確定選用方波單脈沖,并確定了脈沖的幅值、寬度等參數(shù),最終采用單片機(jī)引腳模擬激勵脈沖、電荷泵升壓電路和場效管電路組成激勵放大電路。針對微弱回波信號,通過對回波檢測線圈結(jié)構(gòu)和回波信號的分析,最終確定采用AD8420放大器和比較整形電路組成回波信號處理電路,將回波信號調(diào)制成幅值為5V的方波信號。基于灌區(qū)水位測量精度的要求,采用D觸發(fā)器、與非門和單片機(jī)構(gòu)成計時電路,將激勵脈沖與回波信號之間時間間隔調(diào)制成PWM波形,便于準(zhǔn)確計時。最后設(shè)計單片機(jī)外圍電路。完成各個模塊的硬件電路后,采用C語言編寫傳感器程序,實現(xiàn)水位測量。本傳感器具有精度高、功耗低、穩(wěn)定可靠的特點。(2)灌區(qū)渠道水位流量采集系統(tǒng)。選用梯形渠道作為本研究的典型渠道,利用自主研制的磁致伸縮水位傳感器作為灌區(qū)渠道水位采集傳感器,通過GPRS無線傳輸設(shè)備WG-8010 GPRS DTU將水位信息發(fā)送到遠(yuǎn)程云服務(wù),并在遠(yuǎn)程云服務(wù)器上根據(jù)擬合的水位-流量公式計算出相應(yīng)的流量值,將數(shù)據(jù)保存到云服務(wù)的My SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中,同時設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)采集器將傳感器數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行本地SD卡存儲。為方便管理人員隨時登錄查看水情趨勢和下載歷史數(shù)據(jù),設(shè)計基于Linux云服務(wù)器的灌區(qū)渠道水位流量采集系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)站。本文綜合應(yīng)用了傳感器技術(shù)、GPRS無線傳輸技術(shù)、My SQL技術(shù)和云服務(wù)器技術(shù),設(shè)計開發(fā)了一套能夠遠(yuǎn)程實時監(jiān)測灌區(qū)水位流量的系統(tǒng)。經(jīng)過整體測試證實,系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定可靠,測量精度高,成本低,能適用于灌區(qū)渠道水位的測量,擁有比較高的應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:With the development of global agriculture and industry, water shortage is a global problem. Agricultural irrigation water in China accounts for more than 60% of the total water consumption in China, but the average utilization coefficient of irrigation water is less than 0.5. In order to save water and use water scientifically, it is very important to measure water accurately. The traditional measurement tools can not meet the need of real-time water use in irrigation areas, so the automatic measurement of water regime has become a trend. Based on the development of water level and discharge measurement technology in irrigation area and the analysis of the present situation, a magnetostrictive water level sensor with high precision and low cost is designed and developed based on the characteristics of the irrigation area at present. Based on the magnetostrictive water level sensor, the collection system of water level and discharge in irrigation area is studied. The main progress is as follows: 1) Development of magnetostrictive water level sensor. According to the requirement of water level measurement in irrigation area, the mechanical mechanism of sensor head shell, shape of metal probe rod, shape and size of floating float, coil skeleton and so on is designed. Through the analysis of the excitation pulse parameters, the square wave single pulse is selected, and the amplitude and width of the pulse are determined. Finally, the single chip microcomputer pin is used to simulate the excitation pulse, the charge pump boost circuit and the field effect tube circuit are used to compose the excitation and amplification circuit. Based on the analysis of the structure of the echo detection coil and the echo signal, the AD8420 amplifier and the comparison shaping circuit are used to form the echo signal processing circuit. The echo signal is modulated into the square wave signal with the amplitude of 5 V. Based on the requirement of precision of water level measurement in irrigation area, D flip-flop, non-gate and single-chip microcomputer are used to compose timing circuit. The time interval between excitation pulse and echo signal is modulated into PWM waveform, which is convenient for accurate timing. Finally, the peripheral circuit of single chip microcomputer is designed. After the completion of the hardware circuit of each module, C language is used to write the sensor program to realize water level measurement. The sensor has the characteristics of high precision, low power consumption and reliable stability. The trapezoidal channel is selected as the typical channel in this study, the magnetostrictive water level sensor developed by ourselves is used as the channel water level acquisition sensor in irrigation area, and the water level information is sent to the remote cloud service through GPRS wireless transmission device WG-8010 GPRS DTU. The corresponding flow value is calculated on the remote cloud server according to the fitted water-discharge formula, and the data is saved to my SQL database of the cloud service. At the same time, a data collector is designed to store the sensor data on the local SD card. In order to facilitate managers to log in and view water regime trends and download historical data at any time, a water level and discharge collection system website for irrigation district based on Linux cloud server is designed. In this paper, the sensor technology, GPRS wireless transmission technology, my SQL technology and cloud server technology are used to design and develop a remote real-time monitoring system for water level and discharge in irrigation area. It is proved by the whole test that the system is stable and reliable, with high measuring precision and low cost. It can be applied to the measurement of water level in irrigation area and has high application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S274.4;TP212

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