本文選題：光伏系統(tǒng) + 電流檢測�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：光伏系統(tǒng)作為"智能電網(wǎng)"的重要組成部分,近年來受到人們廣泛關(guān)注及科研人員的深入研究。為保證光伏系統(tǒng)的合理、充分、高效運(yùn)行必須對其發(fā)電量進(jìn)行實(shí)時準(zhǔn)確的檢測。巨磁電阻是近年來迅速發(fā)展的一個磁電子學(xué)的重要領(lǐng)域,相比于其他類型的電流傳感器,具有靈敏度高、線性范圍大、體積小、溫度穩(wěn)定性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此在電流檢測方面具有極高的研究價值及廣闊的應(yīng)用空間。文章首先,對比目前常用的電流檢測技術(shù),分析比對各類技術(shù)之間的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用場合。其次,應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域探索工作,挖掘電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行中適合巨磁電阻效應(yīng)電流傳感器的應(yīng)用場合。通過對光伏系統(tǒng)組成、結(jié)構(gòu)及光伏系統(tǒng)電流檢測的特點(diǎn)的全面學(xué)習(xí)歸納,確定以光伏系統(tǒng)匯流檢測為背景研究設(shè)計巨磁電阻電流傳感器。第三,通過對巨磁電阻工作的基本原理、材料分類及傳感器基本結(jié)構(gòu)的研究,提出一種基于巨磁電阻效應(yīng)的閉環(huán)電流傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)。第四,針對現(xiàn)階段大規(guī)模使用的霍爾傳感器在光伏系統(tǒng)匯流檢測中存在的弊端與不足,進(jìn)行分析及校正研究工作為巨磁電阻電流傳感器設(shè)計提供理論依據(jù),從而避免類似影響因素對傳感器性能造成影響。主要解決環(huán)境溫度對傳感器輸出特性的影響、空間位置不確定性對傳感器輸出特性的影響及磁性材料磁滯等問題。設(shè)計傳感器主要部件包含電磁轉(zhuǎn)換單元、信號放大單元及反饋補(bǔ)償單元三大部分,提高了傳感器對光伏系統(tǒng)匯流檢測的能力。設(shè)計溫度補(bǔ)償電路,改善溫度對傳感器輸出特性的影響。采用以常值電阻與溫變電阻配合的形式設(shè)計溫度補(bǔ)償模塊,以調(diào)壓的方式可有效改善傳感器溫度特性,減小誤差50%以上。通過合理設(shè)計磁導(dǎo)環(huán)的外形結(jié)構(gòu),可有效增強(qiáng)載流導(dǎo)線外被測點(diǎn)處的磁場強(qiáng)度。改善因空間角度偏轉(zhuǎn)帶入的誤差,測試結(jié)果誤差降低30倍以上。同時也可有效降低空間位置偏移造成誤差,測試結(jié)果誤差降低10倍以上。有效保證了傳感器量測精度。利用橋式電路、磁環(huán)及反饋補(bǔ)償繞組構(gòu)成閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案,進(jìn)一步降低了傳感器的溫漂及零漂,也降低了磁性材料由于磁滯效應(yīng)引入系統(tǒng)的磁滯誤差;最后通過仿真分析及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果再次驗(yàn)證課題設(shè)計的巨磁電阻電流傳感器的良好新能。
[Abstract]:As an important part of "smart grid", photovoltaic system has been widely concerned and deeply researched by researchers in recent years. In order to ensure the reasonable, sufficient and efficient operation of photovoltaic system, it is necessary to carry out real-time and accurate detection of its power generation. Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is an important field of magnetoelectronics which has been developed rapidly in recent years. Compared with other kinds of current sensors, Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) has the advantages of high sensitivity, large linear range, small volume, good temperature stability and so on. Therefore, it has high research value and wide application space in current detection. First of all, compare the current detection technology, compare the advantages and disadvantages between the various technologies and applications. Secondly, the application field is explored to excavate the application situation of GMR current sensor in power grid operation. Based on a comprehensive study of the composition, structure and characteristics of photovoltaic system current detection, a giant magnetoresistive current sensor is designed based on the background of current confluence detection of photovoltaic system. Thirdly, a closed-loop current sensor structure based on giant magnetoresistance effect is proposed by studying the basic principle of giant magnetoresistance (GMR), the classification of materials and the basic structure of the sensor. Fourthly, aiming at the disadvantages and shortcomings of Hall sensor used in large scale at present in the detection of PV system confluence, the research work of analysis and correction provides theoretical basis for the design of giant magnetoresistive current sensor. In order to avoid the influence of similar factors on the performance of the sensor. The effects of ambient temperature on the output characteristics of the sensor, the influence of spatial position uncertainty on the output characteristics of the sensor and the hysteresis of magnetic materials are mainly solved. The main components of the sensor include electromagnetic conversion unit, signal amplification unit and feedback compensation unit, which improve the detection ability of the sensor to the PV system. The temperature compensation circuit is designed to improve the effect of temperature on the output characteristics of the sensor. The temperature compensation module is designed by matching the constant resistance with the temperature variable resistance. The temperature characteristic of the sensor can be effectively improved and the error can be reduced by more than 50% by adjusting the voltage. The magnetic field intensity of the measuring point outside the current carrying wire can be effectively enhanced by reasonably designing the shape structure of the magnetic guide ring. The error caused by spatial angle deflection is improved and the error of test results is reduced by more than 30 times. At the same time, it can also effectively reduce the error caused by spatial position migration, and the error of test results is reduced by more than 10 times. The precision of sensor measurement is ensured effectively. The closed-loop system is designed by bridge circuit, magnetic loop and feedback compensation winding, which further reduces the temperature drift and zero drift of the sensor, and also reduces the hysteresis error of the magnetic material introduced into the system because of hysteresis effect. Finally, the simulation analysis and experimental results verify the good new performance of the GMR current sensor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212;TM615

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本文編號：1999022