本文選題：PSoC + 心音采集��； 參考：《西華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示心血管疾病死亡率占城鄉(xiāng)居民總死亡原因的首位,且隨著日趨嚴(yán)重的人口老齡化現(xiàn)狀及城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加速,心血管病患病人數(shù)必將持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng),心血管疾病的防治已成為社會(huì)關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。心血管疾病普查是一種行之有效的手段,心血管疾病主要包括先天性心臟病、風(fēng)濕性心臟病、心律不齊、心力衰竭、冠心病等,普查中常見的有風(fēng)濕性心臟病、心律不齊、心力衰竭,最常用的普查方法是心音聽診,心雜音和心音畸變是心血管疾病早期檢測(cè)的重要診斷信息,而心力衰竭可通過定期心功能指標(biāo)檢測(cè)進(jìn)行預(yù)防。但局限于地區(qū)環(huán)境、醫(yī)療條件,對(duì)醫(yī)療診斷器械的準(zhǔn)確性、實(shí)時(shí)性、便攜性等方面提出更高的需求。由于PSoC(Programmable System on Chip)將一般設(shè)計(jì)所需的模擬可編程電路、數(shù)字可編程電路、CPU和外圍設(shè)備集成在單一芯片上,具有高集成度、體積小的特點(diǎn)。所以,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一套基于PSoC的心音采集及分析系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括心音采集板和分析軟件兩部分,本文對(duì)采集板的硬件、軟件設(shè)計(jì)和上位機(jī)心音分析軟件設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹,實(shí)現(xiàn)了心音信號(hào)的采集、預(yù)處理、播放、無線傳輸、實(shí)時(shí)波形顯示及自動(dòng)分析等功能。自動(dòng)分析結(jié)果中,給出了心音正/異常初步判定結(jié)果、心率、第一與二心音幅值之比S1/S2、收縮期與舒張期時(shí)限之比D/S,為綜合評(píng)估心功能狀態(tài)提供一定的參考。為完成以上目標(biāo),本文從以下幾個(gè)方面展開研究:(1)心音信號(hào)相關(guān)的基本知識(shí)。從醫(yī)學(xué)角度,了解心音信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生、基本特征、心臟聽診及應(yīng)用,對(duì)比已有采集和分析方法,給出本課題研究的必要性。(2)根據(jù)需求進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì)。包括心音采集板和心音分析軟件兩部分,為后續(xù)具體設(shè)計(jì)提供依據(jù)。(3)心音采集板軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)。首先,給出以PSoC芯片為核心的采集板硬件設(shè)計(jì),主要包括心音傳感器、自舉放大電路、濾波電路、音頻功放模塊、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換、藍(lán)牙無線通信模塊、電源模塊等設(shè)計(jì);其次,詳細(xì)介紹了各個(gè)模塊所用器件及電路結(jié)構(gòu),給出了以PSoC Creator 3.1為開發(fā)環(huán)境的各模塊硬件配置和軟件設(shè)計(jì),其中,軟件設(shè)計(jì)主要介紹了主程序、A/D數(shù)據(jù)采集程序、軟件數(shù)字濾波程序、觸摸鍵檢測(cè)程序、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸程序的設(shè)計(jì)流程。(4)心音分析軟件設(shè)計(jì)。首先,闡述軟件的工作流程及基本功能;其次,依次介紹數(shù)據(jù)接收模塊、波形顯示模塊、存儲(chǔ)模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn);最后,介紹了心音算法并給出了基于MATLAB與VC++混編的自動(dòng)分析模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)。(5)系統(tǒng)綜合測(cè)試。結(jié)合心音采集板和分析軟件,給出采集板軟、硬件測(cè)試結(jié)果,以及心音分析軟件測(cè)試結(jié)果。(6)臨床有效性驗(yàn)證。臨床采集了大學(xué)生心音62例,心臟病患者心音12例。分析結(jié)果和相應(yīng)的臨床心音采集者的身體素質(zhì)和心臟狀況相匹配,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的可行性和有效性。通過以上幾個(gè)方面的研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)了心音采集、播放、傳輸、顯示和分析功能。該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用PSoC技術(shù)在單一芯片上設(shè)計(jì)模擬、數(shù)字和微控制電路,減少了硬件開發(fā)成本。利用藍(lán)牙串口通信,使該系統(tǒng)的使用更為方便。使用VC++與MATLAB混合編程的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)心音分析減少了軟件開發(fā)成本,提供了一種將心音算法研究從理論仿真到工程化應(yīng)用的有效方法。臨床測(cè)試驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的可靠性和實(shí)用性,對(duì)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)心血管醫(yī)療保健和家庭護(hù)理有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The statistics show that the mortality of cardiovascular disease accounts for the first cause of the total death of urban and rural residents, and with the increasing situation of population aging and the acceleration of urbanization process, the number of cardiovascular diseases will continue to increase rapidly. The prevention and control of cardiovascular disease has become a hot issue of social concern. The survey of cardiovascular diseases is a kind of line. Effective means, cardiovascular disease mainly includes congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, coronary heart disease and so on. There are common rheumatic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure in general survey. The most commonly used census method is heart sound auscultation, heart miscellaneous sound and heart sound distortion are important diagnosis of early detection of cardiovascular disease. Information, and heart failure can be prevented by regular cardiac function test, but limited to regional environment, medical conditions, higher requirements for the accuracy, real-time, portability, and so on. Due to the PSoC (Programmable System on Chip) the analog programmable circuits and digital programmable circuits are required for the general design. CPU and peripherals are integrated on a single chip with high integration and small size. Therefore, a set of heart sound acquisition and analysis system based on PSoC is designed in this paper. This system includes two parts of heart sound acquisition board and analysis software. In this paper, the hardware of the acquisition board, the software design and the design of the upper computer heart sound analysis software are detailed in this paper. This paper introduces the functions of heart sound signal acquisition, preprocessing, broadcasting, wireless transmission, real-time waveform display and automatic analysis. In the automatic analysis results, the heart sound positive / abnormal preliminary determination results are given, heart rate, the ratio of first to two heart sound amplitude is S1/S2, the ratio of systolic time to relaxation time limit is D/S, which provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function state. In order to achieve the above objectives, this article will be studied from the following aspects: (1) the basic knowledge related to the heart sound signal. From the medical point of view, to understand the generation of the heart sound signal, the basic characteristics, the heart auscultation and application, compare the existing methods of collection and analysis, and give the necessity of the research. (2) the systematic design of the system according to the demand. It includes two parts, heart sound acquisition board and heart sound analysis software. (3) heart sound acquisition board soft, hardware design. First, it gives the hardware design of the acquisition board with PSoC chip as the core, including heart sound sensor, bootstrap amplifier circuit, filter circuit, audio power amplifier module, A/D conversion, Bluetooth wireless communication module, electricity. Secondly, the device and circuit structure used in each module are introduced in detail, and the hardware configuration and software design of each module with PSoC Creator 3.1 as the development environment are given. The software design mainly introduces the main program, the A/D data acquisition program, the software digital filter program, the touch key detection program, the data transmission program. Design flow. (4) heart sound analysis software design. First, it describes the workflow and basic functions of the software; secondly, it introduces the data receiving module, the waveform display module and the storage module. Finally, the heart sound algorithm is introduced and the realization of the automatic analysis module based on MATLAB and VC++ is given. (5) integrated system test and combination of the heart. The sound acquisition board and analysis software were used to give the software of the acquisition board, the result of hardware test, and the test results of the heart sound analysis software. (6) the clinical validity was verified. 62 cases of College Students' heart sound and 12 cases of heart sound were collected. The results of the analysis were matched with the body quality of the corresponding clinical heart sound collector and the heart condition, and the system was verified. The system has realized the function of heart sound acquisition, play, transmission, display and analysis through the research in several aspects. The system uses PSoC technology to design analog, digital and micro control circuits on a single chip, reducing the cost of hardware development. Using Bluetooth serial communication to make the use of the system more convenient. Using VC++ and MATLAB The method of mixed programming to realize heart sound analysis reduces the cost of software development. It provides an effective method to study the heart sound algorithm from theoretical simulation to engineering application. The clinical test verifies the reliability and practicability of the system, and has certain practical value for cardiovascular health care and home care in remote areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R540.4;TP274.2

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本文編號(hào)：1962584