本文選題：水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 節(jié)點部署��； 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界各國探索海洋熱潮的不斷興起,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不再拘泥于對陸地上信息的感知與獲取,而逐漸向更為浩瀚的海洋進發(fā)。作為傳統(tǒng)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在水下的延伸,水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在海底礦產(chǎn)資源的勘探與開發(fā)、水污染防治、海嘯與地震預(yù)警、導(dǎo)航定位以及軍事戰(zhàn)略部署等方面都擁有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,已經(jīng)引起了業(yè)界研究人員的高度重視。水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅猛發(fā)展在帶來諸多機遇的同時,也面臨著一些亟待解決的技術(shù)難題。一方面,水下信道因其傳輸速率低、延時高等復(fù)雜多變的特性,決定了現(xiàn)有的陸地通信協(xié)議與網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型不能直接應(yīng)用于三維水環(huán)境中;另一方面,作為水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究的基礎(chǔ)問題,節(jié)點部署機制的優(yōu)劣直接決定著整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)對興趣數(shù)據(jù)的感知、獲取與處理能力。因此,本文圍繞水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)點部署問題,討論并分析了不同的部署算法下對網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋性能的影響。研究的主要內(nèi)容如下:針對水環(huán)境中節(jié)點的分層覆蓋問題,提出了一種基于深度調(diào)節(jié)機制的水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點部署算法。該算法首先通過計算各水下傳感器節(jié)點所對應(yīng)的沃羅諾伊多邊形面積完成調(diào)度節(jié)點的選取,其次根據(jù)調(diào)度節(jié)點的下沉距離進行深度調(diào)節(jié),并最終實現(xiàn)一個層次化的三維節(jié)點部署目標(biāo)。仿真實驗結(jié)果證明,本文提出的部署方案在網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率及節(jié)點間的連通率方面均表現(xiàn)出良好的性能。為了更一步研究水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點冗余覆蓋問題,針對隨機部署的水下傳感器節(jié)點,設(shè)計一種基于定向移動虛擬距離的節(jié)點部署策略。該策略將節(jié)點的移動過程分解為若干個步驟,各節(jié)點在每個步驟中都依據(jù)平衡距離與鄰居節(jié)點的坐標(biāo)關(guān)系進行位移調(diào)整,使網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點從覆蓋密集區(qū)域移動至稀疏區(qū)域,從而完成對目標(biāo)監(jiān)測水域最大范圍的覆蓋。仿真結(jié)果表明,該節(jié)點部署策略與隨機部署機制相比,在降低冗余覆蓋、減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)開銷方面有明顯的改善。
[Abstract]:With the rising of the ocean exploration boom in the world, the application of wireless sensor network technology is no longer confined to the perception and acquisition of information on land, but gradually to the ocean. As an extension of traditional wireless sensor networks under water, underwater wireless sensor networks in the exploration and development of submarine mineral resources, water pollution prevention, tsunami and earthquake warning, Navigation and positioning as well as military strategic deployment have a broad application prospects, has attracted great attention of researchers in the industry. The rapid development of underwater wireless sensor networks brings many opportunities, but also faces some technical problems to be solved. On the one hand, because of its complex and changeable characteristics such as low transmission rate and high delay, the existing terrestrial communication protocols and network models can not be directly applied to three-dimensional water environment. As the basic problem of underwater wireless sensor networks, the mechanism of node deployment directly determines the ability of the whole network to perceive, acquire and process interesting data. Therefore, the effect of different deployment algorithms on network coverage performance is discussed and analyzed around the problem of node deployment in underwater wireless sensor networks. The main contents of this paper are as follows: aiming at the problem of hierarchical coverage of nodes in water environment, a node deployment algorithm for underwater wireless sensor networks based on depth adjustment mechanism is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm selects the dispatching nodes by calculating the corresponding polygon area of the underwater sensor nodes, and then adjusts the depth of the nodes according to the sinking distance of the nodes. Finally, a hierarchical three-dimensional node deployment target is realized. Simulation results show that the proposed deployment scheme has good performance in network coverage and connectivity between nodes. In order to further study the problem of node redundant coverage in underwater wireless sensor networks, a node deployment strategy based on directional moving virtual distance is designed for randomly deployed underwater sensor nodes. In this strategy, the node moving process is decomposed into several steps. In each step, each node adjusts its displacement according to the balance distance and the coordinate relation of the neighbor node, so that the nodes in the network move from the overlay area to the sparse area. Thus, the maximum coverage of the target monitoring area is achieved. The simulation results show that compared with the random deployment mechanism, the node deployment strategy has obvious improvement in reducing redundant coverage and network overhead.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.3

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