本文選題：水環(huán)境重金屬檢測 + 分光光度法�。� 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于近幾年我國經(jīng)濟的粗獷式發(fā)展,導致了水環(huán)境重金屬污染嚴重。重金屬污染不僅對人體健康造成很大影響,而且會對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴重破壞。因此國家越來越重視對重金屬的檢測。雖然現(xiàn)在有很多成熟的方法可用于重金屬的檢測,但是這些方法一般具有儀器體積龐大,檢測時間長,檢測成本高等缺點而不適用于重金屬的現(xiàn)場檢測。本文研究了基于分光光度法和光尋址電位傳感器(Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor,LAPS)實現(xiàn)重金屬檢測的方法。本文首先介紹了水環(huán)境重金屬的污染現(xiàn)狀和幾種主要的重金屬檢測方法以及LAPS傳感器的發(fā)展和應用,然后設計了基于分光光度法自動化銅離子檢測儀器,基于LAPS小型化分析儀器和多通道LAPS檢測系統(tǒng),最后探索了基于LAPS檢測系統(tǒng)的H+擴散圖像檢測方法。本文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點包括如下幾個方面:1.設計了基于分光光度法對銅離子的自動化檢測儀器。本文研究了基于分光光度法的水環(huán)境中的Cu2+檢測方法,利用晶體管控制蠕動泵的開啟和關(guān)閉,并利用光電傳感器完成液滴檢測,實現(xiàn)了儀器自動化進樣。結(jié)合可自動調(diào)節(jié)光強的光學檢測系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了自動化檢測儀器樣機設計。分析了儀器的進樣系統(tǒng)和最佳測試條件,得到較好的Cu2+線性曲線,并與標準的分光光度計儀器進行比對,結(jié)果表明,本儀器完成了對溶液的精確進樣,實現(xiàn)了對Cu2+的自動化檢測,Cu2+的檢出限為6μg/L,低于標準儀器的檢出限。2.設計了基于LAPS傳感器的小型分析儀器,實現(xiàn)了重金屬的檢測.本文采用了基于AD630芯片的同步檢波電路,實現(xiàn)方波乘法器對被測信號的解調(diào),從而降低了一般模擬乘法電路產(chǎn)生的直流漂移。并設計了時間常數(shù)為300ms,衰減率為12dB/oct的低通濾波器,實現(xiàn)了鎖相放大。設計了 LED激發(fā)光源及其信號發(fā)生電路,編寫了分析和控制軟件,完成了基于LAPS的小型分析儀器。通過在LAPS表面固定Cu2+敏感膜,實現(xiàn)了對Cu2+的檢測。實驗結(jié)果表明該儀器具有檢測重金屬的功能和小型方便的特點。3.設計了多通道的LAPS檢測系統(tǒng),結(jié)合軟件完成雙相位鎖相放大算法,實現(xiàn)了多參數(shù)檢測。本文設計了基于數(shù)據(jù)采集卡USB-6211的多通道LAPS檢測系統(tǒng),包括多路光源激發(fā)不同LAPS傳感器和軟件實現(xiàn)雙相位鎖相放大算法,實現(xiàn)同時檢測多種參數(shù)的功能。軟件鎖相放大算法中采用巴特沃斯濾波器作為前置帶通濾波器,結(jié)合正弦信號乘法和橢圓低通濾波器實現(xiàn)雙相位鎖相放大,并對結(jié)果求平均值,從而提高了系統(tǒng)信噪比。該系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了對Pb2+和H+的同時檢測。實驗結(jié)果表明,軟件實現(xiàn)的鎖相放大算法很好的完成了對多通道LAPS信號的檢測,實現(xiàn)了基于LAPS的多參數(shù)檢測。4.探索了基于LAPS檢測系統(tǒng)的H+擴散圖像檢測方法。研制了基于MAC6000的X-Y掃描控制器結(jié)合LAPS的H+動態(tài)擴散圖像檢測系統(tǒng),開發(fā)了該系統(tǒng)的掃描控制軟件和分析算法。通過在LAPS上固定瓊脂基質(zhì),掃描其中的H+擴散圖像,從而實現(xiàn)了 H+擴散過程的動態(tài)檢測。
[Abstract]:Because of the rugged development of our country's economy in recent years, heavy metal pollution in water environment is serious. Heavy metal pollution not only has a great impact on human health, but also causes serious damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, the country pays more and more attention to the detection of heavy metals. Although there are many mature methods now available for heavy metal detection, However, these methods generally have large volume, long detection time and high detection cost, which are not suitable for field detection of heavy metals. In this paper, the methods of heavy metal detection based on spectrophotometric method and Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor (LAPS) are studied. The water environment is introduced in this paper. The pollution status of heavy metals and several major heavy metal detection methods and the development and application of LAPS sensors, and then design an automatic copper ion detection instrument based on spectrophotometric method, based on LAPS miniaturized analysis instrument and multi-channel LAPS detection system, and finally explore the H+ diffusion image detection method based on LAPS detection system. The main work and innovation of this paper include the following aspects: 1. the automatic detection instrument for copper ion based on spectrophotometric method is designed. In this paper, the Cu2+ detection method in water environment based on spectrophotometric method is studied. Using transistors to control the opening and closing of the peristaltic pump, and using the photoelectric sensor to complete the liquid drop detection, the instrument is realized. The automatic testing system of the light intensity is combined with the automatic adjustment of the optical intensity. The design of the automatic testing instrument is realized. The sampling system and the best test conditions are analyzed. The better Cu2+ linear curve is obtained and compared with the standard spectrophotometer. The result shows that the instrument has completed the accurate sampling of the solution. The automatic detection of Cu2+ is realized. The detection limit of Cu2+ is 6 u g/L, and the detection limit of the standard instrument is lower than the detection limit of standard instrument. A small analytical instrument based on LAPS sensor is designed to realize the detection of heavy metals. This paper uses a synchronous demodulation circuit based on AD630 chip to realize the demodulation of the measured signal by the square wave multiplier, thus reducing the general mode. The DC drift produced by the quasi multiplicative circuit is designed. A low pass filter with a time constant of 300ms and a attenuation rate of 12dB/oct is designed to realize the phase lock amplification. The LED excitation source and its signal generator are designed. The analysis and control software is written and a small analytical instrument based on the LAPS is completed. A Cu2+ sensitive film is fixed on the LAPS surface, and the realization of a Cu2+ sensitive film is realized. The test results show that the instrument has the function of detecting heavy metals and the features of small convenience..3. has designed a multi-channel LAPS detection system, and the dual phase phase locked amplification algorithm is completed with the software to realize the multi parameter detection. This paper designs a multi-channel LAPS detection system based on the data acquisition card USB-6211, including multiple channels, including multichannel LAPS. The light source excites the different LAPS sensors and software to realize the dual phase phase locked amplification algorithm to realize the function of simultaneous detection of various parameters. In the software phase locked amplification algorithm, Butterworth filter is used as a pre band pass filter, the dual phase phase locked amplification is realized with the sine signal multiplication and the elliptical low pass filter, and the results are calculated. Thus the system signal-to-noise ratio is improved. The system realizes the simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and H+. The experimental results show that the software implementation of the phase-locked amplification algorithm completes the detection of multichannel LAPS signals well, realizes the multi parameter detection based on LAPS, and explores the H+ diffusion image detection method based on LAPS detection system, and develops the MAC6 based on MAC6. 000 X-Y scanning controller combines LAPS's H+ dynamic diffusion image detection system, and develops the scanning control software and analysis algorithm of the system. By fixing the agar matrix on the LAPS, the H+ diffusion image is scanned, thus the dynamic detection of the H+ diffusion process is realized.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212

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本文編號：1881450