本文選題：石墨烯 + 電化學(xué)傳感器　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,納米材料中應(yīng)用最廣泛的材料之一是二維石墨烯材料。由于石墨烯具有優(yōu)異的電氣性能、電化學(xué)性能、光學(xué)性能、結(jié)構(gòu)特性和機(jī)械性能,在環(huán)境監(jiān)測、藥物檢測、食品分析和生物醫(yī)學(xué)等方面都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。此外,石墨烯表面易于通過共鍵或者非共鍵的方式將檢測目標(biāo)物的識別元素功能化,以達(dá)到增強(qiáng)其靈敏性、特異性、承載能力和生物相容性等目的,使其在各領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用性更強(qiáng)。本論文簡單論述了石墨烯材料、電化學(xué)傳感器以及石墨烯電化學(xué)生物傳感器的研究進(jìn)展,并基于此開展以下研究內(nèi)容:(一)阿爾茨海默病(AD),是老年癡呆癥中最常見的類型。β-淀粉樣蛋白(Aβ)已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是阿爾茨海默病的重要標(biāo)志物,體液中Aβ的檢測將促進(jìn)AD的早期診斷。基于抗體與抗原的特異性結(jié)合和核酸適配體的識別作用,我們構(gòu)建了一種高靈敏檢測Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體的類免疫型傳感器。首先,在羧基化氧化石墨烯修飾的電極表面通過NHS和EDC活化作用進(jìn)行Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體的抗體固定,并用牛血清白蛋白進(jìn)行封閉。其次,采用一種簡單的方法制備核酸適配體-Au-硫堇(Th)的共軛物作為信號指標(biāo)。當(dāng)加入Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體時,由于抗體和適配體均可以與Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體結(jié)合,形成“三明治”類型的結(jié)構(gòu),從而引起Th峰電流的變化。在最佳實驗條件下,對不同濃度的Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體進(jìn)行檢測。實驗結(jié)果表明,Th峰電流變化量與Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體的含量呈現(xiàn)良好的線性關(guān)系,其線性范圍為0.2~25mM(相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.995),檢測限為45 nM(S/N=3)。此外,制備的傳感器也成功用于腦脊髓液中Aβ_(1-42)寡聚體含量的測定。這為阿爾茨海默病的早期診斷提供了新的策略。(二)β_(2)-興奮劑作為生長促進(jìn)劑,常被添加到飼料中提高動物的生長速率、減少脂肪量和增加肌肉質(zhì)量,俗稱為“瘦肉精”。鹽酸克倫特羅(CLB)和沙丁胺醇(SAL)是β_(2)-興奮劑中最重要的兩種物質(zhì),它們的檢測在食品安全方面顯得尤為重要。采用石墨烯和Nafion復(fù)合膜(GN-Nafion膜)修飾玻碳電極(GCE)構(gòu)筑靈敏的電化學(xué)傳感器,同時測定CLB和SAL。在0.04 M的BR緩沖液中,CLB和SAL在GN-Nafion/GCE上均出現(xiàn)了一對明顯的氧化還原峰。并且,兩者氧化峰電位差值約200 mV,這使得GN-Nafion/GCE能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)同時檢測CLB和SAL。CLB和SAL檢測限分別為0.13μM和0.11μM(S/N=3)。并將該傳感器用于豬肉中CLB和SAL的同時檢測,得到了高的準(zhǔn)確度和好的回收率。此外,所構(gòu)筑的電極顯示出了優(yōu)異的重現(xiàn)性、穩(wěn)定性和選擇性。(三)雙酚A(BPA)常被用于制造嬰兒奶瓶、礦泉水瓶、醫(yī)療器械及食品包裝袋等,其安全性問題成為了公眾關(guān)注的焦點。檢測BPA的含量對人類的醫(yī)療保健具有重要意義。基于血紅素和石墨烯修飾電極,構(gòu)筑了一種簡單的電化學(xué)傳感器用于特異性檢測BPA。血紅素通過π-π作用固定在石墨烯修飾電極上;當(dāng)測定BPA時,由于血紅素可以與BPA形成氫鍵,從而實現(xiàn)了對其高靈敏性檢測。在最佳實驗條件下,該傳感器的線性范圍為0.2~10mM(相關(guān)系數(shù)0.996),檢測限為67 nM(S/N=3)。此外,使用該傳感器對食品包裝袋中的BPA進(jìn)行測定,也取得了滿意的結(jié)果。該傳感器為食品安全方面BPA的檢測提供了一種快速、簡單的新方法。
[Abstract]:At present, one of the most widely used materials in nanomaterials is two-dimensional graphene materials. Due to the excellent electrical properties, electrochemical properties, optical properties, structural properties and mechanical properties, graphene has extensive applications in environmental monitoring, drug detection, food analysis and biomedicine. In addition, the surface of graphene is easy to pass through In order to enhance its sensitivity, specificity, bearing capacity and biocompatibility, the recognition element of the target object is functionalized by common bond or non common bond to enhance its application in various fields. This paper briefly discusses the study of graphene materials, electrochemical sensors and graphene electrochemical biosensors. Progress, and based on this study: (1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of Alzheimer's disease. Beta amyloid (A beta) has been considered an important marker of Alzheimer's disease, and the detection of A beta in body fluids will promote early diagnosis of AD. We have constructed a highly sensitive A beta (1-42) oligomer like immunosensor. First, the antibody of A beta (1-42) oligomers was immobilized on the surface of the carboxylated graphite oxide modified electrode through the activation of NHS and EDC and sealed with bovine serum albumin. Secondly, a simple method was used to prepare the nucleic acid. The conjugate of the aptamer -Au- thio (Th) is a signal indicator. When the A beta (1-42) oligomer is added, the antibody and the aptamer can be combined with the A beta (1-42) oligomer to form a "sandwich" type structure, thus causing the change of the peak current of the Th. Under the best experimental strip, the test of the A beta (1-42) oligomer with different concentrations is tested. The results show that the Th peak current change has a good linear relationship with the content of A beta (1-42) oligomer, with a linear range of 0.2~25mM (correlation coefficient 0.995) and a detection limit of 45 nM (S/N=3). In addition, the prepared sensor is also used to determine the content of A beta (1-42) oligomer in the brain spinal fluid. This is an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. New strategies are provided. (two) beta (2) - stimulant as a growth promoter, often added to feed to increase the growth rate of animals, reduce fat and increase muscle mass, commonly known as "lean meat essence". CLB and SAL are the most important substances in beta (2) - stimulants, their detection in food safety It is particularly important to use graphene and Nafion composite membrane (GN-Nafion film) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to construct a sensitive electrochemical sensor. At the same time, a pair of obvious oxidation-reduction peaks appear on CLB and SAL on GN-Nafion/GCE in the BR buffer of 0.04 M, and the difference between the peak potential of oxidation peak is about 200 mV, and this makes the difference of the oxidation peak potential of about 200 mV. GN-Nafion/GCE can detect simultaneous detection of CLB and SAL.CLB and SAL detection limits of 0.13 mu M and 0.11 M (S/N=3). The sensor is used for simultaneous detection of CLB and SAL in pork, and high accuracy and good recovery are obtained. Furthermore, the constructed electrodes show excellent reproducibility, stability and selectivity. (three) bisphenol A (BPA) is often used. It has been used to make baby bottles, mineral water bottles, medical instruments and food packaging bags. The safety problem has become the focus of public attention. The detection of BPA is of great significance for human health care. Based on heme and Shi Moxi modified electrode, a simple electrochemical sensor is constructed to detect the blood red of BPA. specifically. The element is immobilized on the graphene modified electrode through the effect of pi pi. When the BPA is determined, the heme can form a hydrogen bond with BPA, thus achieving its high sensitivity detection. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range of the sensor is 0.2~10mM (correlation coefficient 0.996) and the detection limit is 67 nM (S/N=3). In addition, the sensor is used for food packaging. Satisfactory results were obtained in the determination of BPA in the bag. The sensor provides a fast and simple new method for the detection of BPA in food safety.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O657.1;TP212

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