本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于GIS的黃土溝壑區(qū)兩種尺度產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙數(shù)學(xué)模型研究與應(yīng)用，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

 在分類學(xué)科中查詢

所有學(xué)科

地球物理學(xué)

農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)

水利水電工程

農(nóng)藝學(xué)

林業(yè)

環(huán)境科學(xué)與資源利用

氣象學(xué)

資源科學(xué)

地質(zhì)學(xué)

runoff

     Study on Runoff and Water Balance Model under Mechanized Conservation Tillage for Dryland Farming

     旱地機(jī)械化保護(hù)性耕作徑流與土壤水分平衡模型試驗(yàn)研究

短句來源

     Study on Chaos Theory's Application in Runoff Forecast

     混沌理論在徑流預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用研究

短句來源

     Study on the Urban Design Rainstorm and Rainfall Runoff Calculation Model

     城市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨及雨水徑流計(jì)算模型研究

短句來源

     Influence of Pipe Flow to Surface Runoff in Granite Region Within Three-Gorges of Yangtze River

     長江三峽花崗巖區(qū)要地管流對地表徑流的影響

短句來源

     Study on the Effect and Mechanism of the Slope Runoff Regulation

     坡面徑流調(diào)控效應(yīng)及其機(jī)理研究

短句來源

更多       

     Design of automatic inspection system for the runoff capacity of artificial rainfall

     人工降雨徑流量自動檢測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研制

短句來源

     Grey Connectivity Analysis and Topological Prediction of Forest Eco-Environment at Qilian Mountains and Runoff Amount in Heihe River Basin.

     祁連山森林生態(tài)環(huán)境與黑河流域徑流量的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析和拓?fù)漕A(yù)測

短句來源

     Construction and Error Analysis of A New Tipping Bucket Type Telemetry Runoff Flow-meter

     新型翻斗式遙測徑流量儀的結(jié)構(gòu)與誤差分析

短句來源

     The daily runoff in 29 years of Pingle Station in Guangxi province was predicted by ANN after non-linear smoothing transferring. The results showed that days in 10% relatively error averagely increase 47.8%,and days in 20%,relatively error averagely increase 35.6%.

     以廣西平樂站29年的日徑流量為例,通過適當(dāng)?shù)姆蔷�性平滑預(yù)處理后用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行預(yù)測,相對誤差<10%的天數(shù)平均提高47.8%,相對誤差<20%的天數(shù)平均提高35.6%。

短句來源

     The result showed: 1) the effect is visible to control soil erosion,the surface runoff of the forest land was reduced from 75.25%-85.21%,and the soil erosion reduced 85.4%-95.6% comparing with the farmland every year;

     結(jié)果表明:1)退耕還林對遏制水土流失有明顯的作用,與坡耕地相比,退耕還林后地表徑流量平均減少75.25%~85.21%,土壤侵蝕量減少1676.08~1876.66t/(km2.a),減少幅度為85.4%~95.6%;

短句來源

更多       

     4. The composition of water in surface runoff under various vegetations, is HCO_3~- > Ca~(2+) > SO_4~(2-) > Mg~(2+) > NO_3~- > Cl~- > Na~+> K~+> NH_4~+ > PO_4~(3-) .

     4．喀斯特地區(qū)不同植被條件下地表徑流中離子濃度大小順序是：HCO_3~-＞Ca~(2+)＞SO_4~(2-)＞Mg~(2+)＞NO_3~-＞Cl~-＞Na~+＞K~+＞NH_4~+＞PO_4~(3-)。

短句來源

     The total average PAHs concentrations in dust, rain and the main runoff were 648ng/g, 2157, 3272ng/L, respectively.

     結(jié)果表明,塵土、降雨、地表徑流水中PAHs平均濃度分別為648ng/g,2157,3272ng/L.

短句來源

     The rate of total nitrogen loss ranges in 2.68-14.48 mg·m -2 ·min -1 in runoff, which is much lower than that of 100.01-172.67 mg·m -2 ·min -1 in sediment of runoff.

     估算出的各土地利用類型總氮流失速率,地表徑流水相為2.68~14.48 mg·m-2·min-1,徑流沉積物相高達(dá)100.01~172.67 mg·m-2·min-1。

短句來源

     The annual inputting nutrient by rainfall in plantation ecosystem including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zr, Na, and Si, amounts to 144.032kg/hm 2, and the surface runoff output is 155.335kg/hm 2. The annual net nutrient accumulation is -11.303kg/hm 2.

     該森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中隨降雨年輸入的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Sr、Zr、Na、Si 11種營養(yǎng)元素總量為 14 4 .0 32kg/hm2 ,隨地表徑流年輸出林地養(yǎng)分總量為 15 5 .335kg/hm2 ,年虧損量 11.30 3kg/hm2 。

短句來源

     The proportions of impact of anthropogenic activities on the mainstream's runoff are 41.59%, 63.77% and 75.15% respectively during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.

     人類活動在1970、1980和1990年代對流域上中游地表徑流的影響量分別為41.59%、63.77%和75.15%;

短句來源

更多       

     Neural Network Models of Soil Erosion and Runoff in Slope and System Dynamics Model of Sediment Field in a Watershed

     坡面產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型與流域產(chǎn)沙系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型研究

短句來源

     Study on the Change Law and Describe Method of River Runoff under the Nature-Manpower Duality Mode

     自然—人工二元模式下河川徑流變化規(guī)律和合理描述方法研究

短句來源

     Application Study of Complexity Theory in River Runoff Time Series Analysis

     復(fù)雜性理論在河川徑流時間序列分析中的應(yīng)用研究

短句來源

     The Theories and Applications Study of Double-excess Runoff Generation Model

     雙超式產(chǎn)流模型的理論及應(yīng)用研究

短句來源

     GIS-Based Study on Runoff Production and Sediment Yield Watershed Modeling in Two Types of Scales and It's Application on Loess Hilly Region

     基于GIS的黃土溝壑區(qū)兩種尺度產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙數(shù)學(xué)模型研究與應(yīng)用

短句來源

更多       

查詢“runoff”譯詞為用戶自定義的雙語例句
    我想查看譯文中含有：的雙語例句

為了更好的幫助您理解掌握查詢詞或其譯詞在地道英語中的實(shí)際用法，我們?yōu)槟鷾?zhǔn)備了出自英文原文的大量英語例句，供您參考。

  runoff

Effect of forest vegetation on runoff and sediment production in sloping lands of Loess area

At the same time, better correlative relationship between runoff and sediment production and rainfall and rainfall intensity were testified by multiple regression, but the correlation decreased gradually with the increase of canopy density of forest.

Besides, runoff and sediment produced in mixed planting of apple trees and crops were 16.14-fold and 2.96-fold than those of O.

Thirdly, based on gray cognate analyses of factors affecting runoff and sediment production in sloping land, the factors of stand canopy density and herb and litter biomass were the most significant ones, whose gray incidence degree exceeded 0.6.

When the soil is covered only by litter, both the maximal rainfall amount and intensity in different forest stands are different if there is no water infiltration and runoff from the ground surface.

更多          

Since the beginning of the last half century, the science of hydrology through successive steps of development has advanced to the realm of quantitative analysis. Engineers employed empirical methods to compute river discharges from precipitation data in answer to the ever-increasing demands made upon hydrologic analyses for engineering works. Yet for the phenomena of conflux of flows from precipitations, there exist only meager and fragmental quantitative analyses, without, so far, a systematic study of their...

Since the beginning of the last half century, the science of hydrology through successive steps of development has advanced to the realm of quantitative analysis. Engineers employed empirical methods to compute river discharges from precipitation data in answer to the ever-increasing demands made upon hydrologic analyses for engineering works. Yet for the phenomena of conflux of flows from precipitations, there exist only meager and fragmental quantitative analyses, without, so far, a systematic study of their underlying theories recorded in literature. On account of this, the progress of hydrology in respect to theory as well as to prac- tice has been retarded. By means of hydrodynamic analysis, the author has tentatively made an approach to the establishment of such a scheme of theories, in which he divided the rainfall-runoff phenomena into three parts for separate analyses, i. e., the occurrence of runoff due to rainfall at a surface point, the surface flow, and. the conflux of channel flows. This paper is devoted to the first part, which is, in essence, an analysis of the basic hydrologic phenomena. The theories thus established may be used as a guide for various hydrologic analyses in practice, may be based upon to examine the validity of various methods of hydrologic calculations, and may be further used to develop an approximate yet rational method for computing discharges from precipitation data. In this paper, the author proposes a scheme of underlying theories for analyzing the hydrograph of surface flow due to rainfall at a point, in which the essence of basic hydrologic phenomena is revealed, and this is accompanied with calculations of an example. In the earlier years, R. E. Horton established a theory of correlations of rainfall and runoff from small drainage basins by analyzing the data of Homer's sprinkler experiments. Thereafter, researchers basing upon his theories and methods analyzed the relations between rainfall and runoff by sprinkler experiments or data from natural areas. On account of the fact that Horton's analysis does not begin with an accurate hydrodynamical viewpoint, problems are bound to arise in practice due to defects in the underlying theories. Shortcomings of Homer's analysis on the basis of the author's theories are pointed out and the practical value of sprinkler experiments estimated. A method proposed by E. V. Bodakoff for computing discharges due to storms on small basins has raised wide discussions among the Soviet scholars, many of whom hold different views. The author hereby points out the main shortcomings of Bodakoff's method, and gives a numerical example with results compared with those computed by the author's method, thus showing the limitations of Bodakoff's method in practical applications.

半世紀(jì)來,水文學(xué)在發(fā)展的過程中已進(jìn)入了定量分析的途徑;工程師們曾用各種經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的方法依據(jù)降水的資料推演河槽裹水流的現(xiàn)象,以應(yīng)各種工程建設(shè)對於水文分析的要求。但是對於降水集流的過程始終祇有一些零星、片面的數(shù)值分析,沒有一套完整的理論系統(tǒng),因此阻礙著水文學(xué)在理論與應(yīng)用方面的發(fā)展。作者曾用流體力學(xué)的分析法初步建立了降水集流的理論系統(tǒng),把降水集流的過程分為三個階段:雨降地面逕流的產(chǎn)生、地面流、槽流之滙集,分別予以分析。本文便是其中第一階段,亦即最基本水文現(xiàn)象的分析。這些建立了的理論可以用為指導(dǎo)各種水文分析的南針,用為評論各種水文計(jì)算法的依據(jù),並可用以創(chuàng)造一種近似而合理的方法,從降水資料推算逕流資料。本文中作者貢獻(xiàn)一套理論,以分析地面點(diǎn)上降雨產(chǎn)生逕流的過程,揭發(fā)了基本水文現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì),最後並列舉實(shí)例的計(jì)算。早年郝登(R.E.Horton)曾依據(jù)郝納(W.W.Homer)的地面流實(shí)驗(yàn)資料建立了一套在小地域內(nèi)降水和逕流關(guān)係之理論,其後學(xué)者們根據(jù)他的理論和方法,用人工降雨法或流域資料實(shí)測法來確定降水和逕流間的關(guān)係。郝登的分析並沒有從準(zhǔn)確的動力學(xué)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)。在實(shí)際分析中發(fā)生了欠缺理論基礎(chǔ)的根本問題。這方面作者持著不同的意見。本文中根...

半世紀(jì)來,水文學(xué)在發(fā)展的過程中已進(jìn)入了定量分析的途徑;工程師們曾用各種經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的方法依據(jù)降水的資料推演河槽裹水流的現(xiàn)象,以應(yīng)各種工程建設(shè)對於水文分析的要求。但是對於降水集流的過程始終祇有一些零星、片面的數(shù)值分析,沒有一套完整的理論系統(tǒng),因此阻礙著水文學(xué)在理論與應(yīng)用方面的發(fā)展。作者曾用流體力學(xué)的分析法初步建立了降水集流的理論系統(tǒng),把降水集流的過程分為三個階段:雨降地面逕流的產(chǎn)生、地面流、槽流之滙集,分別予以分析。本文便是其中第一階段,亦即最基本水文現(xiàn)象的分析。這些建立了的理論可以用為指導(dǎo)各種水文分析的南針,用為評論各種水文計(jì)算法的依據(jù),並可用以創(chuàng)造一種近似而合理的方法,從降水資料推算逕流資料。本文中作者貢獻(xiàn)一套理論,以分析地面點(diǎn)上降雨產(chǎn)生逕流的過程,揭發(fā)了基本水文現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì),最後並列舉實(shí)例的計(jì)算。早年郝登(R.E.Horton)曾依據(jù)郝納(W.W.Homer)的地面流實(shí)驗(yàn)資料建立了一套在小地域內(nèi)降水和逕流關(guān)係之理論,其後學(xué)者們根據(jù)他的理論和方法,用人工降雨法或流域資料實(shí)測法來確定降水和逕流間的關(guān)係。郝登的分析並沒有從準(zhǔn)確的動力學(xué)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)。在實(shí)際分析中發(fā)生了欠缺理論基礎(chǔ)的根本問題。這方面作者持著不同的意見。本文中根據(jù)作者的理論指出了郝登分析法的癥結(jié)所在,並估計(jì)了人工降雨實(shí)驗(yàn)法的實(shí)用價值之限度。波達(dá)闊夫曾建議暴雨逕流之一種計(jì)算法,引起了蘇聯(lián)學(xué)者的廣泛討論,很多人持有不同的意見。作者於文中指出了波氏等方法發(fā)生問題的癥結(jié)所在;並用實(shí)例計(jì)算和作者的方法比較,說明了波氏法在實(shí)用中的準(zhǔn)確限度。

The current methods of analyzing flood-causing storm data are rather empirical and unsatisfactory. This is owing to lack of a theoretical scheme analyzing the conflux of surface and channel flows derived from runoff due to rainfall on the drainage basin. Lately, since the writer made a tentative approach to the formulation of such a scheme [1], [9], he further found that as engineers are already not satisfied with a single value of peak discharge in answering the demands of engineering design and require...

The current methods of analyzing flood-causing storm data are rather empirical and unsatisfactory. This is owing to lack of a theoretical scheme analyzing the conflux of surface and channel flows derived from runoff due to rainfall on the drainage basin. Lately, since the writer made a tentative approach to the formulation of such a scheme [1], [9], he further found that as engineers are already not satisfied with a single value of peak discharge in answering the demands of engineering design and require the data of a flood hydrograph that corresponds to a given probability of happening, then in answering the requirement for flood-causing storm data, they will also not be satisfied with the data in the present form of duration and average intensity of rainfall and will refuire it in the form of hyetograph that produces the maximum flood hydrograph. In respect to analyses of thunderstorm data on small drainage basins, this paper points out the deficits of the current methods and proposes a method of time series for finding the hyetograph corresponding to any given probability of its occurrence. In respect to analysis of storm data on large drainage basins, the paper discusses the probabilities of occurrences of various forms of precipitation that causes floods and methods of analyses of rainfall depth-duration-area relations and design storms,

我國國境內(nèi)的洪水絕大部分是由大雨所造成的，因此研究洪水的成因必先分析暴雨的性質(zhì)。目前動力氣象學(xué)的已有知識尚不能用來定量地分析降雨的性質(zhì)，所以必須采用了暴雨資料的一些簡單的組成要素，如雨率、雨時和雨面等，它們之間的關(guān)系及其出現(xiàn)的概率只能　當(dāng)?shù)赜^測資料所繪出的關(guān)系線、用適線法把代表資料的關(guān)系公式推求出來，這樣來分析暴雨的性質(zhì)。 世界各國現(xiàn)行的造洪暴雨資料分析方法是不完善的，其理論基礎(chǔ)是很薄弱的Ｏ這主要是由於以往對於更基本的流域的雨水怎樣匯成河中流率的力學(xué)分析沒有能得出一套理論系統(tǒng)來，困而無從確知究竟需要怎樣的暴雨資料。近年作者總結(jié)了降水集流的理論系統(tǒng)〔丑〕〔９〕後，認(rèn)為對於洪水資料的要求工程師們飲已不滿足於洪案流率一（［ｔ］數(shù)值，且進(jìn)而要求相應(yīng)某一概率的流率時程線，則對於造洪暴雨資料的要求自亦不能滿足於雨時及其相應(yīng)的平均雨率，，而應(yīng)進(jìn)而要求那個產(chǎn)生最大流率時程線的而率時程線；這些尚民是對於小流域上暴雨資料的分析法而言的。 本文對於小流域上陣雨資料的分析法指出了現(xiàn)行雨率——而時——概率關(guān)系分析法的本質(zhì)和缺點(diǎn)、用站年法延長系列和用日雨量等值線插補(bǔ)雨季——而時關(guān)系法的不合理性，并建議了一種推求相應(yīng)一定概率的雨率時程線的方?

This paper attempts to answer the following two questions: (1) Is it possible to derive the law of distribution of hydrological frequency theoretically(2) What type of distribution curve should be adopted as the model of hydrological frequency curve and how to determine their parameters? The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. Hydrological phenomena are time series with concealed periodic fluctuations. The results from statistical analysis based upon the current assumption that hydrological phenomena...

This paper attempts to answer the following two questions: (1) Is it possible to derive the law of distribution of hydrological frequency theoretically(2) What type of distribution curve should be adopted as the model of hydrological frequency curve and how to determine their parameters? The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. Hydrological phenomena are time series with concealed periodic fluctuations. The results from statistical analysis based upon the current assumption that hydrological phenomena are independent stochastic variables should be accepted with due considerations. 2. In view of the regional nature of hydrological phenomena, the current parctice of analyzing samples taking from a single station only is, in effect, to narrow the sampling field arbitrarily from a larger area to a point, thus reducing the accuracy of the statistical results. Hence, the synthetic utilization of the data of all stations within the hydrologically homo- geneous region is an important measure to increase the accuracy of statistical analysis. 3. The belief that the flood frequency obeys the binomial theorem or Poisson's theorem is but to mix up the priori with the empirical probability problem. The binomial theorem, being a powerful weapon to deal with the problems of priori probability, has not been adquately and properly utilized in the hydrologieal frequency analysis. 4. Analyses have been made of the nature of distribution of shydrologieal series on the basis of Kaptyen's derivation of the skew distribution, which indicate: (1) That the theoretical interpretation of the log-probability law of the hydrologic phenomena by V. T. Chow is not sound; (2) that hydrologic phenomena being results of very complicated meteorological and hydrological processes, it is impossible to derive theoretically the law of distribution for the hydrological series. 5. The view that the flood frequency obeys the Gumbel's distribution is theoretically not sound and also not verified by actual data. 6. According to the nature of the mathematical treatments applied, the method of description of the empirical probability can be classified into three systems: (1) The methods of the generalization of the characteristic factors of the distributions, such as Pearson's curves, Goodrich's curves, etc.; (2) The methods of the modification of a fundamental distribution by series and polynomials, such as Gram-Charlier curves. curves, etc.; (3) The methods of transformed functions, such as the log-probability law, curves, etc. It should be remarked that not only Pearson's and Goodrich's curves are frequency curves of empirical nature, but even the theoretical laws, such as the normal law and the log-probability law, will be aceepted as curves of empirical nature, when used as models for empirical probability problem. 7. Hydrological frequency analysis should not be mystified and made absolute. Instead of free selections, the models of hydrological frequency curve should be uniquely selected and specified. Statistical parameters should be determined not solely by the short period data of single station, but also by the synthetic utilization of the data of possible more stations. 8. It is recommended that one of the two types of distribution, i.e. the log-normal frequency curve with both sides limited and the Pearson's type Ⅲ curve, may be selected as unified models. The author suggests that the K-value corresponding to recurrence intervals of say 10~4, 10~5, or 10~6 years may be selected as the upper and lower limits for the log-normal curve. For Pearson's type III curves, C_s should be treated not as independent but as dependent variables of C_v. 9. The proper way to select and determine the model frequency curve is to see whether it fits well with the actual data of grouped stations (stations to be grouped by regions for rainfall data and by C_v for runoff data) and the reasonableness of the extrapolating part. 10. Suggestions on the method of determination of x and C_v: For point rainfall, iso-x map may be utilized, and the mean C_v for each hydrologicregion may be adopted in order to minimize the errors from single stations and to avoid the discrepancies in results obtained from the same region. With regard to flood frequency analysis, flood mark reconnaissance must be utilized to determine the magnitude and the recurrence interval of the unusual flood. The x and C_v values of the floods and runoffs of hydrologically similiar river basins may be compared. Besides, the reasonableness of the results of frequency calculations as well as of the statistical parameters adopted therein may be checked by comparing runoffs and point-rainfall values of the same frequency.

我國近期水文頻率計(jì)算方法的研究工作在選擇方法,經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率公式,參數(shù)的誤差和利用我國水文資料檢驗(yàn)各種頻率線型等方面有了一定的成果和實(shí)用的結(jié)論[1],但是下面兩個問題還沒有獲得解決: (1)能否從機(jī)率理論證明水文頻率屬于何種分布律? (2)水文頻率曲線應(yīng)當(dāng)采用什么線型?如何確定參數(shù)?本文試圖解答以上兩個問題。本文分析了水文系列的時序性質(zhì)和區(qū)域性質(zhì),把機(jī)率問題按先驗(yàn)、極限和后驗(yàn)三種基本性質(zhì)對水文頻率問題進(jìn)行了分析;利用開布屯推導(dǎo)偏態(tài)分布的方法分析了水文系列的分布性質(zhì),并從而批判了有關(guān)水文頻率肯定屬于對數(shù)正態(tài)律,耿貝爾極限律或二項(xiàng)式定理等等說法。認(rèn)為屬于后驗(yàn)機(jī)率性質(zhì)的水文頻率,不能從機(jī)率理論證明它屬于何種分布律。最后提出聯(lián)合利用各站水文資料來選擇線型和確定參數(shù)的方法,并建議在兩端有限對數(shù)正態(tài)和皮爾遜Ⅲ型兩種線型中選擇一種作為統(tǒng)一采用的線型,對兩端有限曲線提出了簡易可行的確定上下極限的方法,對皮爾遜Ⅲ型曲線認(rèn)為應(yīng)該把Cs作Cv的倚變參數(shù)。

<< 更多相關(guān)文摘    

 相關(guān)查詢

CNKI小工具

在英文學(xué)術(shù)搜索中查有關(guān)runoff的內(nèi)容

在知識搜索中查有關(guān)runoff的內(nèi)容

在數(shù)字搜索中查有關(guān)runoff的內(nèi)容

在概念知識元中查有關(guān)runoff的內(nèi)容

在學(xué)術(shù)趨勢中查有關(guān)runoff的內(nèi)容

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于GIS的黃土溝壑區(qū)兩種尺度產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙數(shù)學(xué)模型研究與應(yīng)用，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。