【摘要】：因神經(jīng)源性膀胱所引起的排尿功能障礙,不僅會給患者生活和工作帶來極大的不便,也易引發(fā)患者泌尿系統(tǒng)感染、結(jié)石、腎積水等病癥,影響患者的生活質(zhì)量和壽命。該病通常難以用藥物或手術(shù)治愈,必須采取人工輔助排尿措施。針對因神經(jīng)源性膀胱引發(fā)的排尿功能障礙的問題,課題前期提出了一種超聲汽化蒸汽驅(qū)動的膀胱動力泵,其中機架和尿道閥是泵的重要組成元件。為了合理設(shè)計膀胱動力泵的結(jié)構(gòu),本文設(shè)計了膀胱動力泵機架和尿道閥,并對其結(jié)構(gòu)進行了有限元仿真分析,建立了尿道閥的數(shù)學模型,仿真和實驗驗證了數(shù)學模型的有效性,開展了尿道閥特性實驗研究和膀胱動力泵輔助排尿模擬實驗研究,提出了膀胱動力泵的可靠性仿真算法,研究了膀胱動力泵的可靠性。具體工作內(nèi)容如下：根據(jù)人體生理結(jié)構(gòu)特點和膀胱動力泵組成原理,設(shè)計了膀胱動力泵機架和尿道閥的結(jié)構(gòu),選擇了與人體生理組織相容結(jié)構(gòu)的主要材料。利用Solidworks軟件和ANSYS Workbench軟件建立了機架和尿道閥的三維實體模型和有限元模型,對機架進行了靜力學分析、模態(tài)分析和優(yōu)化設(shè)計,仿真和實驗研究了驅(qū)動力對尿道閥開口量的影響,仿真分析了尿道閥的結(jié)構(gòu)以及不同材料和受力方式對尿道閥開口量的影響。基于超聲學、熱力學和流體力學理論,建立了尿道閥的驅(qū)動力和尿流率數(shù)學模型。設(shè)計并搭建了模擬實驗平臺,實驗驗證了驅(qū)動力數(shù)學模型和尿流率數(shù)學模型的有效性。利用Matlab和模擬實驗平臺仿真和實驗分析了不同超聲控制參數(shù)對尿道閥驅(qū)動特性的影響,實驗驗證了尿道閥的啟閉特性良好,制作了膀胱動力泵的物理模型,開展了膀胱動力泵的輔助排尿模擬實驗研究。根據(jù)膀胱動力泵的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和工作原理,利用故障樹分析法建立并分析了膀胱動力泵的故障樹�；诠收蠘浞治鼋Y(jié)合蒙特卡羅法,提出了膀胱動力泵的可靠性仿真算法,仿真計算了膀胱動力泵的可靠性指標,通過理論計算驗證了可靠性仿真算法的有效性。研究結(jié)果表明：所設(shè)計的膀胱動力泵機架和尿道閥具有符合人體生理結(jié)構(gòu)的特點,選用鈦合金和硅橡膠材料作為機架和尿道閥的材料是可行的；尿道閥的數(shù)學模型和膀胱動力泵的可靠性仿真算法簡單有效；增大超聲控制參數(shù)可以提高尿道閥的驅(qū)動特性,尿道閥的啟閉特性良好,膀胱動力泵的輔助排尿性能良好；膀胱動力泵平均壽命達到80000次的可靠度為0.88。研究結(jié)果可為進一步設(shè)計優(yōu)化膀胱動力泵元件結(jié)構(gòu)和提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性提供依據(jù),也可為其它人體可植入式元件的設(shè)計提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:Urinary dysfunction caused by neurogenic bladder will not only bring great inconvenience to patients' life and work, but also easily lead to urinary tract infection, stone, hydronephrosis and other diseases, which will affect the quality of life and life span of patients. The disease is usually difficult to cure with drugs or surgery, and must be assisted with micturition. In order to solve the problem of urinary dysfunction caused by neurogenic bladder, a bladder dynamic pump driven by ultrasonic vaporization steam was proposed, in which the rack and the urethral valve were important components of the pump. In order to design the structure of bladder power pump reasonably, this paper designs the frame of bladder power pump and urethral valve, and carries on the finite element simulation analysis to its structure, establishes the mathematical model of the urethral valve, and verifies the validity of the mathematical model by simulation and experiment. The experiments of urethral valve characteristics and bladder dynamic pump assisted urination simulation were carried out. The reliability simulation algorithm of bladder dynamic pump was put forward and the reliability of bladder dynamic pump was studied. The main contents are as follows: according to the characteristics of human physiological structure and the principle of bladder dynamic pump, the structure of bladder power pump frame and urethral valve is designed, and the main materials compatible with human physiological tissue are selected. The three-dimensional solid model and finite element model of frame and urethral valve were established by using Solidworks software and ANSYS Workbench software. The static analysis, modal analysis and optimization design of the frame were carried out. The influence of driving force on the opening of urethral valve was studied by simulation and experiment. The structure of urethral valve and the influence of different material and force on the opening of urethral valve were analyzed. Based on the theories of ultrasound, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, a mathematical model of the driving force and flow rate of urethral valve was established. A simulation experiment platform was designed and built to verify the validity of the driving force mathematical model and the urine flow rate mathematical model. The effects of different ultrasonic control parameters on the driving characteristics of the urethral valve were analyzed by Matlab and simulation platform. The good opening and closing characteristics of the urethral valve were verified, and the physical model of the bladder power pump was made. An experimental study on assisted urination simulation of bladder dynamic pump was carried out. According to the structure characteristics and working principle of bladder dynamic pump, the fault tree of bladder dynamic pump was established and analyzed by fault tree analysis. Based on fault tree analysis and Monte Carlo method, the reliability simulation algorithm of bladder dynamic pump is proposed. The reliability index of bladder dynamic pump is simulated and calculated. The validity of reliability simulation algorithm is verified by theoretical calculation. The results show that the designed bladder power pump rack and urethral valve have the characteristics of human physiological structure, and it is feasible to select titanium alloy and silicone rubber as the materials of the frame and urethral valve. The mathematical model of urethral valve and the reliability simulation algorithm of bladder power pump are simple and effective, the driving characteristics of urethral valve can be improved by increasing ultrasonic control parameters, the opening and closing characteristics of urethral valve are good, and the auxiliary urination performance of bladder power pump is good. The average life span of bladder power pump was 0.88 when it reached 80000 times. The results can provide a basis for further design and optimization of bladder power pump components and improve the reliability of the system, and also provide important reference for the design of other implantable components in human body.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH789

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